• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.42-46
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• 1999

Knowledge management(KM) is emerging as a robust management mechanism with which an organization can remain highly intelligent and competitive in a turbulent market. Organization memory(or knowledge) is at the heart of KM success. How to create organizational memory has been debated among researchers. In literature, a wide variety of methods for creating organizational memory have been proposed only to prove that its applicability is limited to decision-making problems which require shallow or non-causal knowledge type. However, organizational memory with a sense of causal knowledge is highly required in solving complicated decision-making problems in which complex dynamics exist between various factors and influence each other with cause and effect relationship among them. In this respect, we propose a new approach to creating a causal-typed organizational memory (CATOM), which has a form of causal knowledge and is represented in a matrix form, by using an inference diagram. An algorithm for CATOM creation is suggested and applied to an illustrative example. Results show that our proposed KM approach can effectively equip an organization with semi-automated CATOM creation and inference process which is deemed useful in a highly competitive business environment.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.11
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

The trend of making film from the comic source, which is a prototype of so-called media mix, is indeed a different phenomenon from the traditional ones from novel or play sources. Historically comics are recently adapted to film although they have narratives and continuity of images. It is due to the lack of social conception of comics genre and extension of imagination that is a characteristics of the comics. However, it is conspicuous that comics has been a source of film along with the development of technology of visual image reproduction and the trend of enlarging reproduction of popular media image. Since comics can provide narratives and he visual sense for film making, these trend will be continued and more vivid.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.115-133
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• 2000

All kinds of commerces are begun from the contract and the claims are frequently raised by the problem in the contracts. Therefore, the negotiation is very important to make a contract and resolve the claim. This article analyzed the negotiation practice of Chinese in order to render help to negotiators who enter into negotiations with Chinese business people so that they can enhance their chance for success. Based on this examination on the negotiating style, this paper also provides the some guidelines in working-level negotiating with Chinese. For the purpose this study applies "global negotiation flowchart" and twelve important factors suggested by stephen & stripp to analyze the characteristics of Chinese business negotiating style. The results suggest some useful criteria for negotiators First, In the preparation, the negotiator need a thorough study about the Chinese negotiating style and counter party. Second, In the negotiation with the Chinese, making the personal relationship and, if possible, frequent contact with the person who is the most powerful negotiator in decision-making. Third, since the Chinese has a sense of value that money is very important, it is very necessary that the negotiator persuade him by mutual profits. Finally, negotiators must aim at long-term profit maximization not at short-term.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.246-259
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• 2013

The principal purpose of this study is to analyze school organizational culture in secondary school in Busan. This study measures background variables such as gender, teaching experience, classification of school, grade of school, and scale of school. The results of the study are as follows : First, to see the difference on the perception of organizational culture depending on gender, female teachers have a stronger sense of professionalism, community spirit and consideration than male teachers. Second, to see the difference on the perception of organizational culture in terms of teaching experience, teachers who have more than 21 years of teaching experience have a more positive perception on decision-making and consideration than those who have 11~20 years of teaching experience. Third, to see the difference on the perception of organizational culture according to classification of school, public schools have a more positive perception on every item such as professionalism, decision-making, community spirit, and consideration than private school. Fourth, to see the difference on the perception of organizational culture in terms of classification of schools, secondary schools have a more positive perception on professionalism and community spirit than high schools. Lastly, as it is seen in the difference on the perception of organizational culture depending on scale of school, schools which have 13~35 classes have a more positive perception on professionalism than others.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.157-176
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• 2007

Fuzzy cognitive map(FCM) has long been used as an effective way of constructing the human's decision making process explicitly. By taking advantage of this feature, FCM has been extensively used in providing what-if solutions to a wide variety of business decision making problems. In contrast, the goal-seeking analysis mechanism by using the FCM is rarely observed in literature, which remains a research void in the fields of FCM. In this sense, this study proposes a new type of the FCM-based goal-seeking analysis which is based on utilizing the genetic algorithm. Its main recipe lies in the fact that the what-if analysis as well as goal-seeking analysis are enabled very effectively by incorporating the genetic algorithm into the FCM-driven inference process. To prove the empirical validity of the proposed approach, valid questionnaires were gathered from a number of experts on software sales, and analyzed statistically. Results showed that the proposed approach is robust and significant.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.129-146
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• 2011

Despite the ubiquity of love in the work of Sarah Kane, the theme has been overshadowed by the violence that characterizes her early plays. This essay differentiates Kane from her contemporary "in-yer-face" playwrights, arguing that violence in Kane operates as a means of securing love. Antonin Artaud's concept of cruelty, often (mis)understood in a physical sense alone, provides a clue to the nature of Kane's violence and its relation to love. The essay focuses on Cleansed and Crave, both written in 1998, one about love's redemptive possibility, the other about its pure impossibility. What makes Cleansed hopeful is its violence that works as love's obstacle, creating the illusion that once it is removed love would be possible. The absence of violence in Crave on the contrary lays the illusion of love bare, making it Kane's most despairing play. Kane's oeuvre draws a trajectory of love from hope to despair; as a whole it stages the impossibility of love. To love the other requires the relinquishing of the self, making love logically impossible by depriving the verb of its subject. Love, if possible, would offer the bliss of unity, tearing out the constraint of the Symbolic Order. Kane's only alternative is death, as is expressed in Crave and 4.48 Psychosis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.171-171
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• 2020

Decision making strategies should consider both adaptiveness and robustness in order to deal with two main characteristics of climate change: non-stationarity and deep uncertainty. Especially, robust strategies are different from traditional optimal strategies in the sense that they are satisfactory over a wider range of uncertainty and may act as a key when confronting climate change. In this study, a new framework named Robust Stochastic Dynamic Programming (R-SDP) is proposed, which couples previously developed robust optimization (RO) into the objective function and constraint of SDP. Two main approaches of RO, feasibility robustness and solution robustness, are considered in the optimization algorithm and consequently, three models to be tested are developed: conventional-SDP (CSDP), R-SDP-Feasibility (RSDP-F), and R-SDP-Solution (RSDP-S). The developed models were used to derive optimal monthly release rules in a single reservoir, and multiple simulations of the derived monthly policy under inflow scenarios with varying mean and standard deviations are undergone. Simulation results were then evaluated with a wide range of evaluation metrics from reliability, resiliency, vulnerability to additional robustness measures. Evaluation results were finally visualized with advanced visualization tools that are used in multi-objective robust decision making (MORDM) framework. As a result, RSDP-F and RSDP-S models yielded more risk averse, or conservative, results than the CSDP model, and a trade-off relationship between traditional and robustness metrics was discovered.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.65-79
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• 1997

This research is intended for 418 elderly women who reside in Seoul and the National Capital region. the survey and analysis are on the practical behavior related to purchasing decision making of brassieres for elderly women. The purpose of the survey and analysis is to induce contented and rational purchase activity for elderly women; also, to supply the fundamental sources which can support accomplishing scientific and systematic marketing activity to foundation manufacturing business. The main results of this study are as follows; 1. The elderly women tend to decide on purchase of the brassiere subjectively alone than rely on the informants and to listen to sales women's advice more. The younger, more educated and higher income of family, the elderly women tend more to depend on their own subjective sense than others' recommendations and rely on such mass media as TV and magazines for information source. 2) The elderly women tend to purchase their brassieres personally. In particular, the younger, more educated and higher income they tend more to choose their brassieres alone rather than with others. 3) The companions for elderly women's purchase were their daughter, daughter-in-law and friends. The younger, more educated and higher income, they tend more to accompany friends. The older, less educated and lower income, they tend more to be accompanied by their daughter or daughter-in-lay. 4) The elderly women are aware of the trademarks for brassieres. Although most of them know about their brassiere size, the majority of them tend to purchase their brassieres without trying on them. the older, less educated and lower income, they are less aware of trademarks and their brassiere size, and thus are less influential in their purchasing decision making. 5) The places of purchasing on which elderly women rely most for their brassiere are department stores, agent and markets. Other places are private haberdashery's, discount and pension shop. The department stores are most used by the less younger, more educated and higher income, while the markets are most often visited by those older, less educated and lower income, while the markets are most often visited by those older, less educated and lower income. The agent are favored by the medium class old people between two extremes.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 2010

The basic direction of mathematical education for the 21st century is focused on helping student to understand mathematics and developing their problem solving abilities, mathematical disposition and mathematical thinking. Elementary mathematics teachers should help students make sense of mathematics, confident of their ability, and make learning environment comfortable for students to participate in. Through making activities 1 to 100 with digits 1,9,9,6, students improved the interest and preference of students about mathematics. This game is useful to foster students' mathematical thinking(concepts of exponential number expression, roots concept(${\sqrt}$), gauss function([])) and mathematical disposition. If students are helped to be interested in mathematics through mathematical games, they regard mathematics as interesting and challengeable subject to let themselves think many ways.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.37-45
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• 2023

This study is conducted to provide an empirical review on how schools play a pivotal role in the regional communities. For this, the use of closed schools, activities to revive small-scale schools, and activities related to nearby schools outside the village were analyzed for villages that have participated and have been awarded in the Contest for Making Happy Rural Communities by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. The results of this are as follows. Out of 204 villages that won the contest, there were 19 cases of school closures. Of these 19 cases, there are 17 cases in which the closed school facilities still exist. For the two remaining cases, there are no buildings and only the site remains. To summarize the use of these schools, the functions are being combined and are determined within the range that local residents can operate. The impact or success factors on the region can be summarized into five main categories through the revival of schools in the crisis of closure. First, it was an opportunity to lay an organizational foundation for village projects in the future by reorganizing the village's organization, such as the formation of a village promotion committee to revive the schools. Second, it did not just introduce outsiders to increase the population, but supported housing and jobs for them to successfully settle down. Third, a cultural community was created with senior and junior residents, and finally, the residents became teachers or formed a village education communities such as lifelong education. In the relationship with schools existing outside the village, activities with members of the surrounding schools and linked activities are being carried out in the sense of "school".