• Title/Summary/Keyword: Semi-continuous method

Search Result 98, Processing Time 0.026 seconds

Practical design guidlines for semi-continuous composite braced frames

  • Liew, J.Y. Richard;Looi, K.L.;Uy, Brian
    • Steel and Composite Structures
    • /
    • v.1 no.2
    • /
    • pp.213-230
    • /
    • 2001
  • This paper presents a simplified approach for the design of semi-continuous composite beams in braced frames, where specific attention is given to the effect of joint rotational stiffness. A simple composite beam model is proposed incorporating the effects of semi-rigid end connections and the nonprismatic properties of a 'cracked' steel-concrete beam. This beam model is extended to a sub-frame in which the restraining effects from the adjoining members are considered. Parametric studies are performed on several sub-frame models and the results are used to show that it is possible to correlate the amount of moment redistribution of semi-continuous beam within the sub-frame using an equivalent stiffness of the connection. Deflection equations are derived for semi-continuous composite beams subjected to various loading and parametric studies on beam vibrations are conducted. The proposed method may be applied using a simple computer or spreadsheet program.

Decolorization of Dye and Molasses by Continuous and Semi-Continuous Jar-Fermentor Cultures of Geotrichum candidum Dec 1

  • Kim, S.J.;Kim, M.J.;Shoda, M.
    • Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
    • /
    • v.11 no.4
    • /
    • pp.306-312
    • /
    • 2006
  • Two culture modes, continuous and semi-continuous, of the decolorization fungus, Geotrichum candidum Dec 1, were compared to obtain a high treatment efficiency of molasses decolorization and a large productivity of peroxidase (DyP) to simultaneously decolorize dyes and molasses. The continuous culture of G. candidum Dec 1 using a 5-I jar-fermentor showed high DyP activity at a low dilution ratio of $0.005h^{-1}$, and decolorization ratio of molasses of 80% was obtained concomitantly. Therefore, a semi-continuous culture was performed by repeated refill and draw. In this mode, approximately 1.5 liters of the culture broth was replaced per cycle when the decolorization ratio of molasses was near 80%. The molasses medium (1.0 liter per day) was treated and the peroxidase productiveity in the drawn culture broth was 26.6U/day, whereas the peroxidase productiveity was 17.9U/day in the continuous culture with a dilution rate of $0.005h^{-1}$. The semi-continuous treatment system was an efficient decolorization method for the strain, G. candidum Dec 1.

A Study on Korean Connected Digit Recognizer Based on Semi-syllable and Post-processing (반음절기반의 한국어 연속숫자음인식과 그 후처리에 대한 연구)

  • Jeong, Jae-Boo;Chung, Hoon;Chung, Ik-Joo
    • Speech Sciences
    • /
    • v.8 no.4
    • /
    • pp.1-15
    • /
    • 2001
  • This paper describes the effect of new recognition unit, a unit based on semisyllable, and its post processing method. A recognition unit based on semi-syllable expresses Korean connected digit's coarticulation effect. An existing method using semi-syllable limits next models, derived from current recognized models, to make complete connected digit sequence. However, this paper uses a new method to make complete connected digit sequence. The new post-processing method recognizes isolated digit words which include digits sequence from the digit combinations being able to occur from current recognized semi-syllable sequence. This method gives an improved accuracy rate than that of existing method. This new post processing provides two advantages. 1) It corrects current mis-recognized semi-syllable unit. 2) When people say each digit, they say it without regard to saying duration.

  • PDF

A Study of CHMM Reducing Computational Load Using VQ with Multiple Streams (다중 Stream 구조를 가지는 VQ를 이용하여 연산량을 개선한 CHMM에 관한 연구)

  • Bang, Young Gue;Chung, IK Joo
    • Journal of Industrial Technology
    • /
    • v.26 no.B
    • /
    • pp.233-242
    • /
    • 2006
  • Continuous, discrete and semi continuous HMM systems are used for the speech recognition. Discrete systems have the advantage of low run-time computation. However, vector quantization reduces accuracy and this can lead to poor performance. Continuous systems let us get good correctness but they need much calculation so that occasionally they are unable to be used for practice. Although there are semi-continuous systems which apply advantage of continuous and discrete systems, they also require much computation. In this paper, we proposed the way which reduces calculation for continuous systems. The proposed method has the same computational load as discrete systems but can give better recognition accuracy than discrete systems.

  • PDF

Investigation of Prior Technology and Development Case for Consecutive Excavation Technique of Shield TBM (연속굴착 쉴드 TBM 기술 관련 해외기술 및 개발사례 조사)

  • Mun-Gyu Kim;Jung-Woo Cho;Hyeong-seog Cha
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
    • /
    • v.33 no.5
    • /
    • pp.299-311
    • /
    • 2023
  • Continuous excavation technologies are developed to improve the excavation rate of shield TBM. Continuous excavation is a technology that provides thrust to segments, excluding being installed one, to reduce tunneling downtime. This paper investigated the prior technology related to continuous excavation segments. The main technology was classified into helical segment, honeycomb segment, and conventional segment methods. The helical segment method has not been applied in actual construction yet, and the honeycomb segment method has not succeeded in commercialization. The continuous excavation method using conventional segments has been successfully demonstrated. The thrust force and operation method of the thrust jacks for the semi-continuous technology were analyzed. Continuous excavation TBM research is also progressing in Korea, and through the analysis of successful cases, the need to develop independent continuous excavation methods has been identified.

A Cooling Roll Design and Prediction of Initial Conditions for Direct Rolling Process of Molten Metal (용탕직접압연공정의 초기조건예측 및 냉각로울 설계)

  • 강충길;김영도
    • Transactions of Materials Processing
    • /
    • v.4 no.3
    • /
    • pp.233-244
    • /
    • 1995
  • Rolling force in the direct rolling(or twin-roll strip continuous casting) process fo semi-solid material has been computed using rigid-viscoplastic finite element method. Temperature distributions for calculations of rolling force and roll deformation are obtained from thermofluid analysis. Three dimensional roll deformation analysis has also been performed by using commercial package ANSYS. From the results, behavior of metal flow, rolling force and roll deformation have been investigated according to the process conditions of semi-solid direct rolling.

  • PDF

A Study on Performance Characteristics of Semi-Active Suspension System of Tracked Vehicle (궤도차량용 반능동 현수장치 성능특성에 관한 연구)

  • 김병운;이윤복;강이석
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.6 no.1
    • /
    • pp.9-20
    • /
    • 2003
  • In this study, the performance of a semi-active suspension system for heavy duty tracked vehicles has been investigated. To this end, continuous and on-off Sky-Hook control law have been evaluated for a 1/4 car model. Simulation results show that the semi-active suspension system has potential to improve ride quality of the vehicle. And we proposed a method for improving of variable damper performance.

Model Predictive Control for Tram Charging and Its Semi-Physical Experimental Platform Design

  • Guo, Chujia;Zhang, Aimin;Zhang, Hang
    • Journal of Power Electronics
    • /
    • v.18 no.6
    • /
    • pp.1771-1779
    • /
    • 2018
  • Modern trams with a super capacitor have gained a lot of attention in recent years due to its reliability, convenience, energy conservation and environmental friendliness. Because of its special charging characteristic, the traditional charging structure and control strategy cannot satisfy its charging requirements. This paper presents a new charging topology for fast charging modern trams with a super capacitor and it designs a controller using continuous control set model predictive control (CCS-MPC). There are three contributions in this paper. First, a new charging structure is designed and its mathematics model is derived. The cascade structure is adopted instead of the parallel structure to simplify the control process and to keep the rated power of the controllable part low. Second, a MPC control strategy is proposed to satisfy the charging characteristic. The optimal control signal can be obtained by solving the designed optimization problem. The optimal control signal is related to the discrete control action. In addition, mapping between the continuous control signal and the discrete control action is designed. Third, a semi-physical experimental platform is built to verify the proposed topology and control method. The simulation model and experiment platform are built to verify the correctness of the new structure and its control method. The results obtained show that the new topology can work effectively.

Seismic Response Control of Bridge Structure using Fuzzy-based Semi-active Magneto-rheological Dampers

  • Park, Kwan-Soon;Ok, Seung-Yong;Seo, Chung-Won
    • International Journal of Safety
    • /
    • v.10 no.1
    • /
    • pp.22-31
    • /
    • 2011
  • Seismic response control method of the bridge structures with semi-active control device, i.e., magneto-rheological (MR) damper, is studied in this paper. Design of various kinds of clipped optimal controller and fuzzy controller are suggested as a semi-active control algorithm. For determining the control force of MR damper, clipped optimal control method adopts bi-state approach, but the fuzzy control method continuously quantifies input currents through fuzzy inference mechanism to finely modulate the damper force. To investigate the performances of the suggested control techniques, numerical simulations of a multi-span continuous bridge system subjected to various earthquakes are performed, and their performances are compared with each other. From the comparison of results, it is shown that the fuzzy control system can provide well-balanced control force between girder and pier in the view point of structural safety and stability and be quite effective in reducing both girder and pier displacements over the existing control method.

  • PDF

Sign Language Spotting Based on Semi-Markov Conditional Random Field (세미-마르코프 조건 랜덤 필드 기반의 수화 적출)

  • Cho, Seong-Sik;Lee, Seong-Whan
    • Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
    • /
    • v.36 no.12
    • /
    • pp.1034-1037
    • /
    • 2009
  • Sign language spotting is the task of detecting the start and end points of signs from continuous data and recognizing the detected signs in the predefined vocabulary. The difficulty with sign language spotting is that instances of signs vary in both motion and shape. Moreover, signs have variable motion in terms of both trajectory and length. Especially, variable sign lengths result in problems with spotting signs in a video sequence, because short signs involve less information and fewer changes than long signs. In this paper, we propose a method for spotting variable lengths signs based on semi-CRF (semi-Markov Conditional Random Field). We performed experiments with ASL (American Sign Language) and KSL (Korean Sign Language) dataset of continuous sign sentences to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms both HMM and CRF.