• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.479-487
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• 2017

Frictional dampers are used in structural engineering as means of passive control. Meanwhile, frictional damper shave a disadvantage compared to viscous rivals since the slippage force must be exceeded to activate the device, and cannot be ideal full range of possible events. The concept of semi-active control is utilized to overcome this shortcoming. In this paper, a new semi-active frictional damper called Smart Adjustable Frictional (SAF) damper is introduced. SAF damper consists of hydraulic, electronic units and sensors which are all linked with an active control discipline. SAF acts as a smart damper which can adapt its slippage threshold during a dynamic excitation by measuring and controlling the structural response. The novelty of this damper is, while it controls the response of the structure in real time with acceptable time delay. The paper also reports on the results of a series of experiments which have been performed on SAF dampers to obtain their prescribed hysteretic behavior for various control algorithms. The results show that SAF can produce the desired slippage load of various algorithms in real time. Numerical models incorporating control simulations are also made to obtain the hysteretic response of the system which agrees closely with test results.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.127-132
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• 2007

In this paper, to overcome local damages of structures, an uncertainty of structural model, installing sensors of structures, and economics of building system, decentralized semi-active magnetorheological(MR) damper using the displacement or velocity transferred to the response of floor installed damper is proposed. Relative magnitude between the control force of dampers and the story shear force is difined as design variables and the performance indices response spectra analysis through nonlinear time history analysis excited by seismic loads is performed according to this design variables. And the performance of this decentralized MR damper is compared with previous centralized LQR control algorithm using 3-stories benchmark building structure excited by El Centro (1940, N.S) in order to evaluate the application of building structures.

• 소음진동
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.683-689
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• 1998

A control algorithm for multi-stage dampers is developed based on the mode skyhook control concept, and implemented on the full vehicle system environment. The test vehicle system is equipped with the real time controller, four-stage variable dampers and sensors. The real time controller is developed using a digital signal processor(DSP), digital I/O, A/D and D/A converters. The dampers are driven by the electromagnetic actuators of less than 20 msec response time. The sensors include accelerometers, relative displacement transducers, and steering wheel rate sensors, etc. Through a series of tests in laboratory and proving ground, the performance of the semi-active suspension system is evaluated and it is shown that the vehicle dynamic characteristics is improved with the developed damping system. Futhermore, the parameter tuning methods to enhance vehicle dynamic performance are propsoed.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2002

Commercial vehicles are mostly subjected to relatively rougher ground environment than passenger vehicles. Many driver's seats of commercial vehicles have suspension system with spring and dampers. Then, impact or vibrative forces transmitted from the vehicle to the driver can be attenuated. This study deals with a ride evaluation method using sky-hook control algorithm for the suspension dampers. Vibration amplitude transmissibilities were compared between passive dampers and semi-active dampers with sky-hook control method.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2002

For the dynamic behavior evaluation of a semi-active vibration control system, it is very important to use an accurate mathematical model for the hydraulic damper applied to the control system. In this study, a mathematical model for a symmetric type hydraulic damper was suggested. In this model, the effects of gas volume and oil temperature variation on the bulk modulus of oil were considered. The dynamic behavior of the damper was investigated by experiments and simulations. It was confirmed that the pressure variation, damping force, and mean pressure variation could be estimated with comparatively good precision by the suggested mathematical model. Moreover, it was shown that excessive pressure rise can be generated by the oil expansion due to the heat energy transformed from the exciting energy of the damper for a short period of the damper operation.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.353-364
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• 2021

Natural hazards like earthquakes, high winds, and tsunami are a threat all the time for multi-story structures. The environmental forces cannot be clogged but the structures can be prevented from these natural hazards by using protective systems. The structural control can be achieved by using protective systems like the passive, active, semi-active, and hybrid protective systems; but the semi-active protective system has gained importance because of its adaptability to the active systems and reliability of the passive systems. Therefore, a semi-active protective system for the earthquake forces has been adopted in this work. Magneto-Rheological (MR) damper is used in the structure as a semi-active protective system; which is connected to the current driver and proposed controller. The Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller and reliable PID controller are two proposed controllers, which will actuate the MR damper and the desired force is generated to mitigate the vibration of the structural response subjected to the earthquake. PID controller and reliable PID controller are designed and tuned using Ziegler-Nichols tuning technique along with the MR damper simulated in Simulink toolbox and MATLAB to obtain the reduced vibration in a three-story benchmark structure. The earthquake is considered to be uncertain; where the proposed control algorithm works well during the presence of earthquake; this paper considers robustness to provide satisfactory resilience against this uncertainty. In this work, two different earthquakes are considered like El-Centro and Northridge earthquakes for simulation with different controllers. In this paper performances of the structure with and without two controllers are compared and results are discussed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1997년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국전력공사 서울연수원; 17-18 Oct. 1997
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• pp.191-194
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• 1997

Passive, semi-active and active dampers have been used to dissipate energy in mechanical systems. Semi-active dampers have higher performance than passive dampers and require lower power to operate than active dampers. Its damping characteristics can be changed appropriately for varying conditions. In this paper, we developed a semi-active damper based on Magnetorheological(MR) fluid. MR fluid has a variable damping characteristics proportional for the magnetic field intensity. It has several advantages such as high strength, low viscosity, robustness in impurities and wide temperature range of operational stability. We designed a constrained rotary MR damper base on valve mode which can dissipate more energy per unit volume. The system with Bingham characteristics is obtained and proved by the experiment.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2007

바닥판 구조물의 진동제어를 위한 제어시스템으로 제어력의 조절에 따라서 수동, 능동, 준능동 제어 시스템이 구분할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 MR감쇠기와 수동 TMD를 조합한 준능동 TMD(MR-TMD)의 제어기법에 따른 바닥판 구조물의 진동제어성능을 알아보았다 MR-TMD의 감쇠기 모형화 방법에 따라서 Groundhook 모델과 Skyhook 모델이 있으며 주구조물인 바닥판 구조물의 진동제어에 있어서는 Skyhook 모델보다 Groundhook 모델보다 효과적인 것을 볼 수 있다. 그러나 TMD변위가 제한적인 경우에 MR-TMD의 감쇠기를 Skyhook 모델로 모형화하여 진동을 제어할 필요가 있다 그리고 Hybrid 제어기법을 적용할 경우에 바닥판 구조물과 TMD를 동시에 최적으로 제어할 수 있으므로 우수한 제어성능을 보이고 있다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 준능동 진동 제어를 위한 MR 감쇠기의 동적 모델링을 통한 특성을 분석 및 평가하였다. 실제 구조물 크기의 모형구조물을 진동제어하기 위하여 Semi-active 성능의 MR Damper를 설계/제작 하였다. 일반적으로 MR Damper를 이용한 준능동 제어 시스템을 구축하기 위해서는 감쇠장치의 발생 감쇠력 및 거동 성향 등의 데이터를 수치적으로 나타낼 수 있는 동적 모델이 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 MR Damper의 동적거동을 예측/평가 할 수 있는 모델링을 하기 위하여 다양한 동적 모델 중 Power 모델 및 Bingham 모델을 적용하였다. 이때 동적 모델과 비교/평가하기 위하여 개발된 MR Damper의 동하중 실험을 수행하였다. 동하중 실험조건은 가진 주파수를 (0.15Hz, 1.0Hz, 2.0Hz) 선정하고, 주파수별 각각 3가지씩 가진 속도를 달리하여, 변위가 감쇠력에 미치는 영향력을 확인하였다. 이렇게 얻어진 MR Damper의 동하중실험 결과를 적용하여 각 동적 모델 별 모델변수를 규명하였고, 이를 바탕으로 힘-속도 관계곡선 및 예측된 발생 감쇠력을 산출하였으며, 산출된 결과와 개발된 MR Damper의 실험 결과를 상호 비교 평가하였다. 최종적으로 본 연구에서 개발한 MR Damper는 준능동 제어장치로 활용 가능함을 확인 하였고, 다양한 변위를 이용한 실험을 통하여 정상적인 진동제어를 위해서는 최소 2mm 이상의 변위가 확보되어야 한다는 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2020

Recently, deep learning that is the most popular and effective class of machine learning algorithms is widely applied to various industrial areas. A number of research on various topics about structural engineering was performed by using artificial neural networks, such as structural design optimization, vibration control and system identification etc. When nonlinear semi-active structural control devices are applied to building structure, a lot of computational effort is required to predict dynamic structural responses of finite element method (FEM) model for development of control algorithm. To solve this problem, an artificial neural network model was developed in this study. Among various deep learning algorithms, a recurrent neural network (RNN) was used to make the time history response prediction model. An RNN can retain state from one iteration to the next by using its own output as input for the next step. An eleven-story building structure with semi-active tuned mass damper (TMD) was used as an example structure. The semi-active TMD was composed of magnetorheological damper. Five historical earthquakes and five artificial ground motions were used as ground excitations for training of an RNN model. Another artificial ground motion that was not used for training was used for verification of the developed RNN model. Parametric studies on various hyper-parameters including number of hidden layers, sequence length, number of LSTM cells, etc. After appropriate training iteration of the RNN model with proper hyper-parameters, the RNN model for prediction of seismic responses of the building structure with semi-active TMD was developed. The developed RNN model can effectively provide very accurate seismic responses compared to the FEM model.