• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.352-361
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• 1996

The c-myc proto-onco9ene, one of the immediately early genes, is involved in ceflular proliferation and differentiation, and its biologleal function is regulated hy dimerization with a heterodimeric partner, myn. In the present study, gene expression patterns of c-myc and myn during mouse preimplantation embryo development were examined using a semi-quantitative reverse transcription-poiymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Myn transcripts were rather constitutively expressed throughout embryonic stages with a slight increase only at biastocyst stage. in contrast, expression of c-myc transcripts wm developmental stage-'pedfic. The c-myc transcripts were detected at 1-cell stage, declined abruptly at 2-cell stage and then increased gradually at blastocyst stage. To examine the possible role of myn during preimpiantation mouse embryo development, two myn antisense oligonucleotides spanning the tail of zipper dognain (myn2; 20-mer) and the second helix domain (myn3; 20-mer) were microinjected into the fertilized 1-cellembryos. Microinjection of myn2 and myn3 resulted in developmental tion at morula/biastocyst transition stage, leading to the fiagentation of embryos. Talien together, these results suggest that c-myc and its heterodimeric partner, myn, are differentially expressed In a developmental stage-dependent manner, and myn may play an important role in mouse preimpiantation embryo development.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.159-174
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• 2002

Objective : The meridian theory in oriental medicine explains that each acu-point has a characteristic functional effect. It will be supposed that an acupuncture stimulation on different acu-point evokes different activation on different areas in the central nervous system(CNS) according to the meridian theory. On this supposition, our group tried the semi-quantitative [14C]2-deoxyglucose([14C]2-DG) autoradiography on the acupuncture stimulation to the hindlimb acu-points of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods : A venous catheter for the intravenous administration of isotope was equipped in the right external jugular vein on 3 days prior to the [14C]2-DG study. On the day of the study, two acupuncture needles were inserted into the ST36(Zusanli) or LR3(Taichong) on the left hindlimb. Electro-acupuncture stimulation (2 Hz, 5 ms, 1~3 mA, 15 minutes) started just before the i.v. injection of [14C]2-DG ($25{\mu}Ci/rat$). The brain and the spinal cord were removed and processed for the [14C] 2-DG autoradiography. Results : The EA stimulation on ST36 reveals over 120% metaboilc activation in Arcuate nucleus, Anterior pretectal nucleus, Dorsal cochlear nucleus, Interposed cerebellar nucleus, and Nucleus of Darkschewitsch. The EA stimulation on LR3 reveals over 120% metaboilc activation in Lateral habenula nucleus, Medial vestibular nucleus, Ventromedial thalamic nucleus, Anteroventral thalamic nucleus, Anterior cingulate cortex, Dentate gyrus, Antero cortical amygdaloid nucleus, Anterior pretectal nucleus, and Dorsal tegmental nucleus compared with the non EA stimulation control group. Conclusion : These results demonstrate that the different acu-points evoke the different activations in brain areas. And with this functional brain mapping study, a new scientific elucidation for the basis of the acupuncture-meridian theory in oriental medicine through differences of activated area in CNS according to the each acupuncture point.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.11
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• pp.221-228
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• 2014

The color and shape of the tongue reflect the physiological and clinico-pathological condition of the body. Recently, various tongue image acquisition devices have been developed for accurate diagnosis based on quantitative and objective tongue features. Since a color information is essential for tongue diagnosis, the performance of an illuminator is very important for the tongue image acquisition device. In this study, we developed an indirect illumination, which is possible to improve a homogeneity of light intensities on the tongue surface, and evaluated its performances. In order to realize the indirect illumination (II), a semi-ellipsoidal solid structure (SESS) for the light reflex was located in the system, and two high-brightness white LEDs were placed for illuminating the areas under frontal camera in the SESS. The tongue surface was illuminated by reflected light from the SESS. The light homogeneity induced by three different illuminations including the II was evaluated by calculating coefficient of variation (CV) of illuminance of five regions. The II showed less than 0.01 of CV and the direct illumination (DI) and the direct illumination with a light diffusion plate (DILDP) showed 0.16 and 0.13, respectively. The reflexed pixel ratios of tongue phantom images show 5.76%, 4.22%, 1.79% for the DI, the DILDP and the II, respectively. The homogeneity of a tongue phantom was evaluated by calculating CV of mean pixel values of six different tongue regions, and showed less than 0.06 in the II. If the II technique apply to tongue diagnosis system, it is expected to improve diagnostic accuracy in clinic.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.761-766
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• 2020

Phenylamine derivatives are substances that have a biochemical action and are widely applied as psychotropic drugs. In particular, with regard to the quantitative analysis of substances such as ephedrine, amphetamine, pentermine, and dopamine, many previous studies such as electrochemical, vacuum ultraviolet method, and gas chromatography have been conducted. However, there have not been many studies on the structural characteristics of molecular units. Therefore, In this study, we used (HyperChem8.0's, HC) semi-empirical PM3 method to calculate the total energy, band gap, electrostatic potential, and net charge of ephedrine, amphetamine, pentamine and dopamine to investigate the chemical properties of each derivative according to the molecular structure change. The results showed that for total energy -43,171.8, -32,9538.3, -36,407.3 and -43,061.2 Kcal/mol, respectively, while for band gaps, 10.16379377, 9.9531666, 9.7878002 and 9.0589282 eV. Also, for electrostatic potentials, 1.301~-0.045, 1.694~0.299, 0.694~-0.158 and 1.587~-0.048 respectively. Finally, looking at the distribution of net charges, the oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms and carbon atoms were -0.312~-0.242, -0.161~-0.051 and +0.13~-0.12 respectively. These results are expected to lead to chemical action centered on phenyl radicals and oxygen and nitrogen atoms common to phenethylamine derivatives.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.621-626
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• 2020

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Korea has been gradually increased and it has been reported that dietary life is highly associated with the development of CRC. To investigate dietary attitudes and nutritional risk factors for CRC, we analyzed food intake of 34 patients diagnosed with CRC within 1 year and 51 subjects without gastrointestinal diseases as a control reside in Daegu·Gyeongbuk Area using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The results showed that dietary regularity and variety of food intake in control subjects was better than CRC patients whereas, CRC patients eat more frequently animal and vegetable protein foods, fried foods, green and yellow vegetables, and fruits than control subjects. Nutrient intake analysis showed that Vitamin A, E, K, C, sodium, magnesium, iodine, and cholesterol intake of CRC patients was higher than control subjects. Especially, after adjusting age and sex, regression analysis showed that Vitamin K (OR = 1.022, 95% Cl 1.003-1.043, p = 0.026) and sodium (OR = 1.001, 95% Cl 1.000-1.002, p = 0.032) were identified as risk factors for CRC. In the future, verification of the relationship between these nutrients and CRC risk and appropriate nutrient education will be needed for the prevention of CRC.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.397-410
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• 2018

Objectives: An association between dietary patterns and mental health in children has been suggested in a series of studies, yet detailed analyses of dietary patterns and their effects on ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) are limited. Methods: We included 4569 children who had dietary intake data as part of the CHEER (Children's Health and Environmental Research) study conducted nationwide from 2005 to 2010. We assessed ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) by the DuPaul's ADHD Rating Scales and dietary intake by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Using intake data, we constructed five dietary patterns: "Plant foods & fish," "Sweets," "Meat & fish," "Fruits & dairy products," and "Wheat based." Results: The overall proportion of ADHD was 12.3%. Boys (17.8%) showed a higher rate of ADHD than girls (6.5%). The total intake of calories (85 kcal) and plant fat (2g) in the ADHD group was significantly higher than that of the normal group. ADHD was significantly negatively associated with dietary habits such as having breakfast and meal frequency, and positively associated with eating speed, unbalanced diet, overeating, and rice consumption. Regarding dietary patterns, the "Sweets" category was relevant to high ADHD risk (OR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.15 for Q5 vs. Q1) in a linear relationship. An inverse, non-linear association was found between "Fruits & dairy products" and ADHD (OR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.76 for Q4 vs. Q1). Conclusions: Our study confirms both positive and negative associations between diet and ADHD in elementary school age children. Moreover, linear or nonlinear associations between diet and ADHD draw attention to the possible threshold role of nutrients. Further studies may consider characteristics of diet in more detail to develop better intervention or management in terms of diet and health.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.376-384
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• 2015

To investigate the molecular events of controlling intramuscular fat (or marbling), which is an important factor in the evaluation of beef quality, we performed cDNA microarray analyses using the longissimus dorsi muscle and back fat tissues. For this study, we constructed normalized cDNA libraries: fat tissues in native Korean cattle (displaying 1,211 specific genes), and muscle tissues in native Korean cattle (displaying 1,346 specific genes). A bovine cDNA chip was constructed with 1,680 specific genes, consisting of 760 genes from muscle tissues and 920 genes from fat tissues. The microarray analysis in this experiment showed a number of differentially expressed genes, which compared the longissimus dorsi muscle (Cy5) with back fat tissue (Cy3). Among many specific differentially expressed genes, 12-lipoxygenase (oxidizing esterified fatty acids) and prostaglandin D synthase (differentiation of fibroblasts to adipocytes) are the key candidate enzymes that should be involved in controlling the accumulation of intramuscular fat. In this study, differentially and commonly expressed genes in the muscle and fat tissues of native Korean cattle were found in large numbers, using the hybridization assay. The expression levels of the selected genes were confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and the results were similar to those of the cDNA microarray.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.895-903
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• 2016

This study was carried out to discover the response of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) senescence- associated genes (SAGs) to several plant hormones in detached and developing cotyledon. Accordingly, a collection of cucumber SAGs were examined to characterize their gene expression response through semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Cotyledons were excised at day 14 after seed sowing from plantlets, then incubated in 100 μM each of IAA or zeatin solution for up to 4 days in light and darkness. They were collected at 2-day intervals and used for total RNA extraction and subjected to RT-PCR. Gene expression levels of several cucumber SAGs were significantly changed during the incubation period. More than five cucumber SAGs involving SAG 60 responded to the IAA and zeatin treatment. In the ethylene response study, cotyledons were exposed up to 10 days by ethylene gas. Most of the cucumber SAGs did not show immediate response to ethylene in green cotyledon. The exceptions were PCK, SAG 158, and SAG 288 genes, which responded after 1 day of exposure to green cotyledon, while ICL and SAG 281 revealed strong responses after 10 days of being exposed to yellowing cotyledon. These results suggest that several cucumber SAGs react actively in response to starvation or senescence against exogenously applied stimulus. This induced senescence response is able to understand the SAGs role in lipids and amino acids metabolism partly and function in organ senescence during development.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.477-486
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• 1998

In this paper, we implemented the urine analysis system capable of measuring a qualitative and semi-quantitative and assay using strip. The analysis algorithm of urine analysis was adopted a fuzzy logic-based classifiers that was robust to external error factors such as temperature and electric power noises. The spectroscopic properties of 9 pads In a strip were studied to developing the urine analysis system was designed for robustnesss and stability. The urine analysis system was consisted of hardware and software. The hardware of the urine analysis system was based on one-chip microprocessor, and Its peripherals which composed of optic modulo, tray control, preamplifier, communication with PC, thermal printer and operating status indicator. The software of the urine analysis system was composed of system program and classification program. The system program did duty fort system control, data acquisition and data analysis. The classification program was composed of fuzzy inference engine and membership function generator. The membership function generator made triangular membership functions by statical method for quality control. Resulted data was transferred through serial cable to PC. The transferred data was arranged and saved be data acquisition program coded by C+ + language. The precision of urine analysis system and the stability of fuzzy classifier were evaluated by testing the standard urine samples. Experimental results showed a good stability states and a exact classification.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.108-113
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• 2006

To compensate the problems of chemical assay in detoxification of recalcitrant and a practical approach in selection of bioremediation bacteria, a simple and rapid toxicity evaluation system was constructed based on Lumbricus rubellus. Long term-culture and specific equipment are not necessary, and semi-quantitative analysis of toxicity at sub-lethal concentration is possible by measuring of dose-dependent increased yellowish secreted compounds. When the toxicity of endosulfan, its metabolites and structurally related chemicals were measured for 24 h, the results were coincided with previous reports. Toxicity was found in endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, aldrin, and dieldrin, respectively. Rapid and economic selection of endosulfan-detoxifying bacteria was possible using our system. Klebsiella pneumoniae KE-1, K. oxytoca KE-8 and Pseudomonas sp. KS-2P, reported endosulfan degrading bacteria, ameliorated the endosulfan toxicity, whereas E. coli, B. subtilis and other bacteria failed to protect the toxicity of endosulfan in L. rubellus. Our results suggest that the constructed system is useful to selection of microorganism as well as toxicity evaluation against toxic recalcitrants.