• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.2187-2195
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• 1997

A semi-active suspension test system was designed and built for the experimental study. Vehicle parameters were estimated through tests and a quarter-car model was validated by comparing computer simulation results and laboratory test results. Alternative semi-active suspension control laws have been tested using the test system. Modulable damper used in this study is a "reverse" damper with 42 states which is controlled by a stepper motor. Experimental results have shown that semi-active suspensions have potential to improve ride quality of automobiles.tomobiles.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.186-194
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• 2001

To meet the challenge of testing increasingly complex automotive control systems, the real-time hardware-in-the-loop(HIL) simulation technology has been developed. In this paper, a strategy for evaluation of semiactive suspension systems using real-time HIL simulation is presented. A multibody vehicle model is adopted to simulate vehicle dynamic motions accurately. Accuracy of the vehicle simulation results is compared to that of the real vehicle field test and proven to be very accurate. The controller and stepping motor to adjust semi-active damper stage are equipped as external hardwares and connected to the real-time computer which has vehicle dynamic model. Open and closed loop test methods are used to evaluate a controlled suspension system and the system's operations are verified it is found that the proposed evaluation methods can be used well for the verification of semi-active suspension systems.

• 소음진동
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.683-689
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• 1998

A control algorithm for multi-stage dampers is developed based on the mode skyhook control concept, and implemented on the full vehicle system environment. The test vehicle system is equipped with the real time controller, four-stage variable dampers and sensors. The real time controller is developed using a digital signal processor(DSP), digital I/O, A/D and D/A converters. The dampers are driven by the electromagnetic actuators of less than 20 msec response time. The sensors include accelerometers, relative displacement transducers, and steering wheel rate sensors, etc. Through a series of tests in laboratory and proving ground, the performance of the semi-active suspension system is evaluated and it is shown that the vehicle dynamic characteristics is improved with the developed damping system. Futhermore, the parameter tuning methods to enhance vehicle dynamic performance are propsoed.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.419-434
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• 2014

In this paper, the electromagnetic damper (EMD), which is composed of a permanent-magnet rotary DC motor, a ball screw and a nut, is considered to be analyzed as a semi-active damper. The main objective pursued in the paper is to study the two degrees of freedom (DOF) model of the semi-active electromagnetic suspension system (SAEMSS) performance and energy regeneration controlled by on-off and continuous damping control strategies. The nonlinear equations of the SAEMSS must therefore be extracted. The effects of the EMD characteristics on ride comfort, handling performance and road holding for the passive electromagnetic suspension system (PEMSS) are first analyzed and damping control strategies effects on the SAEMSS performance and energy regeneration are investigated next. The results obtained from the simulation show that the SAEMSS provides better performance and more energy regeneration than the PEMSS. Moreover, the results reveal that the on-off hybrid control strategy leads to better performance in comparison with the continuous skyhook control strategy, however, the energy regeneration of the continuous skyhook control strategy is more than that of the on-off hybrid control strategy (except for on-off skyhook control strategy).

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2006

In the recent years, the development of computer-controlled suspension dampers and actuators has improved the trade-off between the vehicle handling and ride comfort, and has led to the development of various damper control policies. The skyhook control is an effective control strategy for suppressing vehicle vibration. In this study, a fuzzy skyhook control is proposed and tuned by a genetic algorithm to improve ride comfort. The proposed fuzzy skyhook control is applied to a quarter-car model in order to compare its performance with continuous skyhook suspensions. To obtain optimized fuzzy skyhook control, scale factors and in-out membership functions are tuned by a genetic algorithm. The simulation results show that the fuzzy skyhook control offers more effective suspension performance over the continuous skyhook control.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2001

Automotive suspension system is a mechanism for isolation of the vibration coming from the road inputs. Recently, the electronically controlled suspension systems which may improve ride and handling performance have been developed. Here, the continuously controlled semi-active suspension system is focused. As a mechanism to control damping forces continuously, a solenoid valve is used. The modeling for the solenoid valve is introduced briefly, a vehicle dynamics modeling is constructed, and then combined system model is completed. To design the efficient control algorithm for the semiactive suspension system the knowledge based fuzzy logic is applied and the technique how to apply the sky-hook theory to the fuzzy logic is developed. Finally, to confirm the improvement of performance the computer simulation is carried out.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.71-76
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• 2010

This paper presents the feasibility for improving the ride quality of railway vehicle equipped with semi-active suspension system using magnetorheological(MR) fluid damper. In order to achieve this goal, a fifteen degree of freedom of railway vehicle model, which includes a car body, bogie frame and wheel-set is proposed to represent lateral, yaw and roll motions. The MR damper system is incorporated with the governing equation of motion of the railway vehicle which includes secondary suspension. To illustrate the effectiveness of the controlled MR dampers on railway vehicle secondary suspension system, the sky-hook control law using the velocity feedback is adopted. Computer simulation for performance evaluation is performed using Matlab. Various control performances are demonstrated under external excitation which is the creep force between wheel and rail.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1199-1205
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• 2011

In the present work, a seat suspension system adopting semi-active damper is evaluated for driver's ride quality. A cylindrical type of ER(electrorheological) damper is designed and manufactured for the seat suspension of heavy vehicles. The governing equation is derived under consideration of human vibration. A sliding mode controller is then synthesized and experimentally realized on the manufactured ER seat suspension while a driver is sitting on the controlled seat. Ride quality is evaluated by fatigue decreased proficiency boundary, vibration dose value and crest factor utilizing weighted-acceleration according to ISO2631.

• 유변학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.112-121
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• 1999

현가장치의 기능은 노면으로부터의 진동이나 충격을 차체와 격리시키며 주행시 차량의 안전성을 확보하는데 있다. 고정된 스프링과 댐퍼의 특성으로는 두 가지 차량 주행특성을 나타내는 차체 가속도와 타이어 동적력을 최소화할 수 없으므로 가변형 댐퍼를 이용한 반능동식 현가장치로서 승차감과 주행 안정성을 동시에 고려하여 성능 지수를 설계하는 LQ(Linear Quadratic)제어 이론을 적용하는 연구가 진행되고 있다. LQ 제어 성능지수의 가중함수는 주파수와 시간에 관계없이 상수로 고정되기 때문에 각 요소에 대한 비중이 모든 상황에서 동일하나 승차감이나 주행 안정성의 평가기준이 모든 주파수에서 동일하지 않으므로 본 연구에서는 자기유변댐퍼를 장착한 1/4차의 반능동형 현가장치를 구성하고 LQ 제어의 문제점을 해결하는 Frequency shaped 최적 제어를 이용하여 특정 주파수 범위에서 차량의 승차감과 주행 안정성을 향상시킨다. Frequency shaped 최적 제어는 가중치가 주파수의 함수인 성능 지수를 통해 제어 규칙을 구하는데, 가중함수의 설계기준을 인간이 가장 민감하게 느끼는 4~8Hz의 주파수에서는 승차감에 두고 차축 고유 진동수 부근에는 주행안전성에 둔다. 모사실험과 실험 결과로부터 Frequency shaped 최적 제어기를 장착한 반능동형 현가장치가 승차감과 주행 안정성을 향상시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.431-437
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 주행 노면의 형상을 재현하는 알고리즘을 기반으로, 외란 형상 정보를 활용한 차량의 진동제어 시스템과 그 결과를 제시하였다. 시스템에 전달되는 외란으로 유발되는 과도한 진동 및 그 영향을 저감시키고 안정성을 확보하는 것은 중요한 이슈이며, 특히 자동차 분야에서는 그 요구가 지속적으로 제기되고 있다. 차량의 진동과 불안정성을 유발하는 대표적인 외란 요인은 주행하는 차량 타이어에 접촉하는 불규칙한 도로면 형상이다. 따라서 이러한 외란 형상 정보를 확보하는 것은 매우 중요한 과정이다. 본 연구에서는 차체에 부착된 센서로부터 측정된 신호에 혼입된 차량의 동적 거동 영향을 배제하고 관심 도로면의 형상 정보를 재현할 수 있는 RPS 알고리즘과 이를 적용한 실험결과를 제시하였다. 이를 토대로, 예견제어 이론을 응용한 전자 제어 현가 시스템과 7 자유도 전차량 모델에 적용하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 그 결과 반능동형 작동기와 결합된 지능형 제어 시스템을 통하여 자동차의 주요 성능 지수인 승차감과 조종안정성의 개선 효과를 확인하였으며, 제안한 제어 프레임의 효용성을 제시하였다.