• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.21-32
• /
• 2017

Purpose - In hotel business, how to build the relationship between leader and employees is very important, because it affects on the customer satisfaction. Thus, this research examines the effect of authentic leadership on job performance in the context of hotel industry and identifies mediating roles of organizational engagement, job satisfaction, and creativity in the relationship between authentic leadership and job performance. This study suggests the guidelines for how hotel companies should improve employee productivity and build a desirable organizational culture by presenting employee attitudes and behavioral models that explain the relationship between leaders and employees. Research design, data, and methodology - This study examines the structural relationship between authentic leadership, organizational engagement, job satisfaction, creativity, and job performance from the employee's perspective. Authentic leadership divide into four sub-dimensions such as self-awareness, balanced process of informations, internalized moral perspective, and relational transparency. In order to test the purposes of this study, research model and hypotheses were developed. All constructs were measured with multiple items developed and tested in the previous studies. The data were collected from 114 franchise hotel employees and were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and Smart PLS 3.0. program. Result - The results of this study are as follows. First, authentic leadership have significant impacts on organizational engagement and creativity, but does not have impact on job satisfaction directly. Second, organizational engagement have significant impacts on job satisfaction and job performance, but does not have impact on creativity directly. Third, job satisfaction has significant impact on creativity, but does not have impact on job performance. Fourth, creativity has significant impact on job performance. Conclusions - The findings of this study indicate that hotel leaders should properly implement the authentic leadership and consider how to build a corporate culture to improve an organizational and employee productivity through authentic leadership. Due to the nature of the hotel industry, which relies heavily on human resources, hotel companies must manage their employees with authenticity in order to increase organizational engagement, job satisfaction, and creativity that affect hotel and employee productivity. If hotel employees perceive their leader's authentic leadership, they show more organizational engagement that increases creativity and leads to job performance. Finally, hotel employees can propose creative ideas only if they will be satisfied with their jobs. Therefore, the leader should develop non-monetary or monetary reward system for the employees and, make an efforts to foster creativity of the employees.

• Smart Media Journal
• /
• v.11 no.7
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2022

With the outbreak of COVID-19, the world is in unexpected chaos. In particular, the Korean economy, which has a large number of self-employed people, is experiencing enormous damage from COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to analyze the causal impact of start-ups and closures by industry due to the COVID-19 outbreak. For the causal impact analysis, we collected and analyzed 8,312,224 cases of start-up and closure of 190 businesses that occurred on the local administrative license data public site for 11 years from 2010 to 2020. As a result of the analysis of the causal impact of COVID-19, there were 29 industries in which start-ups increased(increase rate 313.14% ~ 6.39%), 23 industries in which start-ups decreased(decrease rate 70.62% ~ 11.27%), 21 industries in which closures increased(increase rate 157.55% ~ 13.57%), and 18 industries in which business closures decreased(reduction rate 49.45% ~ 12.91%). The industries in which start-ups increased and closures decreased due to the COVID-19 outbreak were disinfection, food transportation, and general sales of health functional food. The industries in where start-ups decreased and closures increased due to the COVID-19 outbreak were youth game providing industry, danran pub business, and general game providing industry. It is expected that the results of this study will help practitioners who manage various infectious diseases to understand the causal impact of infectious disease outbreaks and to prepare countermeasures.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
• /
• v.22
• /
• pp.471-507
• /
• 2014

Edification in Daesoonjinrihoe is not only a phenomenon that occurs following the differences of religious experience or spiritual development among the community members, which enables the members to share teaching and learning experiences with one another, but also an issue determined as one of the major activities of the religious order and a plan for achieving the purpose of the religious order-Podeokchenha(Wordly Propagation), Gujechansaeng (Salvation of all mankind) and Jisangcheonguk Geonseol(Building of earthly paradise). The purpose of this article is to clarify its concept and provide an example of edification, through considering the historical model for edification to help the cultivators with their work of edification. The archetype of edification of Daesoonjinrihoe was formed and gradually developed in phases by Sangje, Kang Jeungsan, the Supreme God(姜甑山, 1871-1909), Doju, Jo Jeongsan(趙鼎山, 1895-1958) and Dojeon, Park Wudang(朴牛堂, 1917-1995), by the three of whom the Religious Authority was succeeded. Sangje descended to the human world and preached to people to live by the rule of Haewon Sangsaeng(Resolution of grievances for the mutual beneficences of all life) and set an example of abolishing the old customs, living in mutual beneficences and having respect for human being. Doju, in revering the last will of Sangje, established the religious order by setting its creed, rituals and activities, which formed most contents of the archetype of edification. Dojeon set up a religious faith system by firmly establishing the Religious Authority and performed the True Law in accordance with Sangje's program of heaven to educate the cultivators to achieve the goal of self-cultivation following the last will of Doju. Through this, a perfect method to reach the state of Dotong(The Truly Unified State of Dao) is fulfilled. In this way, the archetype of edification was formed in the process of succession of Religious Authority. In conclusion, edification in Daesoonjinrihoe contributes to a 'systematic conveyance and understanding' through the historical archetype of edification, and it can be described as a concept that becomes a model to put into practice the 'True Law' of teachings given by two Sangjes for Dotong. Therefore, edification of Daesoonjinrihoe is drawing attention of its development as an important activity that realizes the ultimate value of the religious order because it solves the problems of immorality(absence of Dao), disorder and disregard of human value generated from the other side of this material civilization, with the truth of Haewon Sangsaeng, and has a function of rebuilding and leading the individuals and the society to the Truly Unified State of Dao through performing of the True Law.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2015

According to a recent survey, the sales amount of luxuries and imitations is getting larger. Especially young consumers in 2,30's have a strong desire to own luxuries, so I tried to build a theoretical base on the 20's consuming trend. Meanwhile, targeting university students who represent consumers in 20's, I investigated the recognition of luxuries, shopping experience, main shopping items, monthly spending money, and future purchase intention. I also investigated shopping experience of imitation, main shopping items, purchase reasons, and future purchase intention. I tried to suggest lots of academic and practical implications in marketing strategy building of luxury brand, aiming young consumers in 20's. On the social-psychological view point, young generation have relatively weak sense of control or self-efficacy. So, they are easily submerged in conspicuous consumption by the atmosphere around. As a result of empirical research, I found that Korean students recognized luxuries as excellent in quality, or the world famous brand. In particular, statistically significant gender difference was shown in the luxuries characteristics as the high-quality brand for male students and the world famous brand for female students. Most respondents have experience buying luxuries. And more monthly spending money, more experience they have. Respondents' purchased items were in order of fashion goods, clothing, watches/jewelry, cosmetics/perfume. And the statistically significant differences between gender and monthly spending money were shown. Not many respondents purchased luxuries imitations, and main purchased items were fashion goods. Most of purchase motives are price over quality and economy reason. The phenomena that the respondents of relatively high levels of monthly spending money had lots of luxuries imitations shopping experiences is interesting. Female students showed higher purchase intention for luxuries and imitations than male students. There was no statistically significant difference in grade level, but was found something interesting in monthly spending money. As monthly spending money increased, the purchase intention of luxuries increased, but the purchase intention of luxuries imitations decreased. However, non-linear trend was shown in the specific allowance level. This is replicate of the luxuries imitations purchase experience. Following studies will be needed for the exact interpretation for this. This study is an exploratory and descriptive, but can provide lots of fruitful academic and practical implications in formulating luxuries marketing strategies.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out to contribute to the self-help and sustainability of grassroots business in Gangwon-do. To achieve this, after setting up the concept of community business, understanding the current designating status of community business and analyzing the business content and the business promotion system, I tried to analyze the continuing factors of businesses and shops, which are more than hundred years old, in Japan and seek a solution to the sustainability of community business in the province. The community business in the province, which is designated and operated, is like this; 86 preliminary social businesses, 62 town businesses, 38 social businesses. The total comes to 186. The preliminary social businesses and the social businesses are assigned more in urban area and the manufacturing sector and educational field have a lot of business contents. When it comes to the business promotion system, there are many incorporated companies and limited companies. While the town businesses are assigned more in county area, the agricultural food field and cultural world have a lot of business contents. When it comes to the main participant of business, the agricultural corporations took the first place overwhelmingly. Especially, I found out that the main participants of community business consist of 38 voluntary associations, which is 20.4 %, and we need to make up for the specialty deficiency in business management. In order to keep the continuity of community business in the province, we could achieve the results of manpower development through the case analysis research, securing good materials which can give the consumers confidence, increasing the quality of the products, maintaining high technical skills, keeping up the tradition of business and demanding forecasting. I think a successive research efforts will be required for securing good materials and increasing the quality of the products in tandem with the local community. And also we need to establish a supporting & operating system through the liaison between the business & academic world, business & administration, and business & business for securing a management specialty as an industrialist.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 2015

Developed countries have set seed industry as a new growth engine, which demands strong support from the government. Multinational seed companies such as Monsanto and DuPont have made huge financial investment to secure their major roles in the global market. To spur domestic seed industry performance, Korean government laid out the foundation for developing seed industry through policy promotion in the late 2000s. In this paper, I look at the current state of the domestic and international seed market to provide information for improving the efficiency of the propulsion of the Golden Seed Project (GSP) along with its vision. The increasing size of global giant companies has been regarded to monopolize the world seed industry wherein ten renowned companies occupy 73% of the overall global market. In effect, this causes a price hike due to limited seed choices. Domestic seed market has been stuck in a range due to a sustained low agricultural production resulting in decreased seed demand and market size. Though breeding technologies for rice and vegetables are world-class, the technologies for top global crops such as cabbage, paprika, and forage are insufficient therefore professionals in this field are not easily employed. Moreover, there is a lack in appropriate infrastructure set up in the universities which adds to ineffective training of professionals. Being a key-supporting industry for agriculture, seed industry should be granted with strong and sustainable investment support from the government. In view thereof, GSP, which started in 2012, ambitions to spur researches outlined by excellent professionals in universities and seed companies aimed to drive seed export volume and quality and attain domestic seed self-sufficiency through adoption of export- and import-substitution seed types (10 varieties each) development strategies. To develop Korea's seed industry excellent achievement of GSP's goals should be drawn successfully and to do this beside development of high quality seeds, support programs for promotion of seed exports are also needed.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
• /
• v.3
• /
• pp.145-177
• /
• 2001

The artist's interest has been captivated by ecological phenomena in Nature. Her keen captivation has then been focused into plastic art depicting the image of primitive life. The wide sweep of her work encompasses the totality of nature which consists of the human's subconscious power and imagination which she then portrays by organic images. These organic images are in contrast to scientific, mathematical and logical inference and consciousness. This research examines the character of the organic images in modern art by her analysis of some representative works by others. The image is an essential concept in the art which appeared in very different ways and in different perspectives. The image in the artwork appears to be the realistic expression until the early part of the 20th Century. Well into the 20th Century, it began being expressed in various ways such as combined images by imagination which is combined or rejected in the story of artwork. It also began being expressed by transferred images by changed original conditions. It is the main purpose of this research is to study of various expressions of organic images in the artwork of the Post-Modernism era. The character and meaning of organic image painting helps people to approach the human instinct more easily to find out the natural essence. It is also an objective of the organic image to tenderise our human sensibilities, thus helping us to regain vitality and recover our poor humanity in the barren wilderness of modern society. 'Life communion with nature' is a meeting point and common ground for Oriental Philosophy and organic image painting. Through this research, organic image painting is characterised in the four following ways : 1st) Organic image painting seeks regularity and perfection of outer shapes, in contrast to disordered and deformed nature, resulting in organic and biotic formalistic mode of plastic art. 2nd) Organic image painting seeks the formative. 3rd) Organic image painting pursues the priceless dignity of life by researching the formatted arrangement and figure, which contains primitive power of life. 4th) Organic image painting makes crystal clear the power of human and nature, which is a historic and biological phenomenon. This, in turn, exposes the humanistic view of the world from modern society best characterised in lost self-understanding, isolation and materialism. The representative organic image painting artists are Elizabeth Murray, Kusama Yayoi, and Niki do Saint Phalle. Elizabeth Murray used shaped canvas and a round construction of relief works. Kusama Yayoi used Automatistic expressionism originating from the realms of unconsciousness and which is represented by the mass and shape of a water drop. Niki do Saint Phalle shows the transcendence of universal life and anti-life to respect the dignity of life and the eco-friendliness relationship of human and nature in the post-modernism in art history. This is accomplished by surrealistic, symbolic, fantastic and humoristic expression. These three artists' works express the spirit of the organic image in contemporary art. It contains the stream of nature and life to seek not only the state of materialism in the reality, but also the harmonized world of nature and human which has almost lost the important meaning in modern times. Finally, this organic image is the plastic language of the majestic life. It is the romantic idea that the intimacy of nature and the universe and Surrealism, which emphasizes the unconsciousness , is the source of truth and spirit. Also it is influenced by primitive art and abstract art. According to this research, the subject 'Research About Organic Images' is not only an important element in the plastic arts from primitive society to the present, but is also fundamental to an true understanding of Post-Modernism.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.45
• /
• pp.397-415
• /
• 2016

This paper will investigate how animated practice can be a research form as practice-led research in an ethnography approach. This practice-led research will explore the issue of the construction of contemporary identities (based on the strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde) and in particular, the Korean youth culture and identity, exemplified, for example, creation of 'avatars' in the virtual characters of animated online games such as Massively Multiplayer Online Role-playing Games (MMORPGs). In this proposed discussion, I will argue that the sudden period of change in contemporary Korea bears some resemblance to the Victorian era as explored in gothic fiction (e.g. Jekyll and Hyde). In this sense, my animation investigates the connection between the fictional Jekyll and Hyde and a real murder incident by a young Korean boy, which actually happened on the 16th November 2010, in SouthKorea.I will, therefore, construct this practice-led research to obtain the primary data consisted of online and offline practices in 'social ethnography'. These practices engage with specific Korean youth identity, comparing the 'avatar' with the real lives of participants. However, this paper will only focus on the (ethnographic) research process and strategy, using animated (visual) practices, rather than giving the meaning of the specific case of 'Korean-ness'. Eventually, I will explore the four different animated representations as it presents the distinctive animated realties or documentaries by online and offline practices. My intention is to visually interpret the issue of 'Korean-ness' within its socio-cultural context, adapting the convention and code of Jekyll and Hyde concept into an animated documentary in the 'virtual' world (auto-animated documentary by recording avatar interviews and online game footages) and the 'real' world (self-created animated documentary, based on real people and events).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.333-345
• /
• 2003

We conducted a survey on Japanese women's consciousness of food culture and their traditional food consumption by self filling-out questionnaire during January, 2000 for the period of a month, For the survey we selected 250 women residing in Kyoto, Japan. For the statistic work we used SAS package system, and t-test, $\cal{X}^2-test$ and Duncan's multiple range test were also used to verify the results significance. The purpose of this survey lies in gathering a basic data on the comparative direction of Korean and Japanese women's food culture in the future 1. Comparing the preferred food purchase place, In case of Korean women, traditional market was comparatively more preferred while Japanese women relatively preferred convenience store (p<0.001). 2. In case of Japanese women, they answered there is no difference from ordinary days on New Year's Day (71%) and Christmas (40%) while 38% answered they prepare food at home. 40% said they prepare food on parents-in-law's birthday, and 41% said no difference from ordinary days. 52% said they prepare food at home on husband's birthday. For their own birthday, 32% said yes to preparing food at home while 45% said no difference and 22.3% said eating out. For children's birthday 65% said preparing at home, 16.3% said no difference and 14.9% said eating out. 3. Comparing the conception on traditional food, Korean women answered 'complicated' (77%) most while 'simple' (5%) least, which indicates their demands for simplified recipes. In case of Japanese women, 'complicated' (44%) was most while 'scientific' (6%) was least which indicates their demands for scientific way of recipes. There were differences shown by age (p<0.001) and the older the more said 'simple' or 'logical' (p<0.01). 4. As the reason for the complicity of traditional food recipes, Koreans said 'too many hand skill' (60%) most while 'too many spices' (8%) least. For Japanese, 'various kind of the recipe' (55%) was most while 'too many hand skill' (7%) was least. There were significant differences shown by academic background (p<0.01) and income(p<0.01), and the lower the academic background, the more said 'too many spices' as the reason for the complicity in making traditional food. Generally, the lesser the income, the more tendency to say 'various kinds of the recipe'. 5. In case of Koreans, 'the recipe is difficult' (56%) was high while 'uninterested' (9%) was low in answer which showed differences by academic background (p<0.05), and in case of Japanese, 'no time to cook' (44%) was high while 'uninterested' (7%) was low. 6. The following is the reasons for choosing traditional food as a snack for children. In case of Koreans, they answered as 'traditional food' (34%), 'made from nutrious and quality materials' (27%), 'for education' (22%) and 'suites their taste' (17%) revealing 'traditional food' is highest. In case of Japanese, it was revealed in the order of 'made from nutrious and quality materials' (36.3%), 'traditional food' (25.2%), 'suites their taste' (22.6%), 'for education' (12.8%) and 7. Comparing the most important thing for the popularization of traditional food in the world, Koreans answered 'taste and nutrition' (45%) most while 'shape and color' (6%) least. In case of Japanese, 'taste and nutrition' (75%) was answered most while 'hygienic packaging' (4%) was least. Both considered 'taste and nutrition' as most important thing for the popularization of traditional food in the world. 8. In case of Koreans, they answered they learn how to make traditional food 'from mother' (47%), 'media' (18%), 'school' (15%), 'from mother-in-law' (14%), 'private cooking school' (4%) and 'close acquaintances' (2%). In case of Japanese, they said mostly learn 'from mother', but it was also shown that the lower the academic background the lesser the tendency of learning 'from mother' but 'from school' (p<0.001). 9. About the consumption of traditional fermented food, Koreans said they make kimchi (90%), pickled vegetables (39%), soy sauce (33%), bean paste (38%), salted fishery (12%) and traditional liquors (14%) at home while 67% for salted fishery and 48% for traditional liquors answered they buy rather than making at home. On the other hand, Japanese answered they mostly buy kimchi (60%), soy sauce (96%), bean paste(91%), natto(92%), salt fermented fish foods (77%) and traditional alcoholic beverage (88%) to eat. This difference was shown very distinct between Korean and Japanese women (p<0.001). 10. About the most important thing in food, Koreans answered in the order of 'liking and satisfaction' (33%), 'for health' (32%), 'for relieve hunger' (18%) and 'convenience' (17%). In case of Japanese, it was revealed in the order of 'for health' (61%), 'liking and satisfaction' (20%), 'to relieve hunger' (16%) and 'convenience' (3%). This shows that Japanese women take comparably more importance to health than Korean women. The conception of food was shown different between Korean and Japanese women (p<0.001), and Koreans showed level 4-5 of food culture while Japanese showed level 5.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 1999

In the course of modernization and globalization, each region in Korea has experienced deep subordination to the center of Seoul and the increase of colonization possibility by world capital. In order to overcome the current situation, above all, the strategies should be developed focusing on daily life and life space. The basis for the development of strategies is the establishment of regional identity on life space. It is because of the reason that life space, or small-scale region has drawn wide attention in the research of geography in recent years. Especially, humanistic geography and new regional geography have developed the concerning theory and methodology, and kept going on the research of small-scale regions. Generally speaking, there have been quite large amount of theoretical discussions on small-scale region in recent years in the field of geography. Empirical researches focusing on a particular small-scale region, however, have been rarely made. It seems related to the deficiency of data materials and the obscurity of research framework of small-scale regional geography. A community paper must be very helpful for the geographic research on small-scale region. As community paper is published based on county('gun'), small or mid-size city('si'), or district of large city('gu'), it deals with small news and daily life information closely attached to the region. Accordingly, it functions as a medium of the formation of regional identity. It is also a valuable source material for the validation of regional identity and for the analysis of identity-shaping mechanism. The geographic interests in community paper, first of all, should be taken shape by the work on the geographical distribution and the periodic change of publication situation of community papers in Korea. Another research subject on community paper is the examination of characteristics of the region by analyzing the news and the advertisements. The news in community paper must be a valuable data source of regional studies in geography. Also, the regional identification process of community people through the community paper could be and should be explored, and how the regional centrality, or self-generation based on the identity is achieved will be an important subject.