• 전자공학회논문지C
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• 제34C권8호
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• pp.8-21
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• 1997

In this paper, we consider resistive shorts on gate-source, gate-drain, and drain-source as well as opens in MOS FETs included in typical memory cell of VLSI SRAM and analyze behavior of memory by using PSPICE simulation. Using conventional fault models and this behavioral analysis, we propose linear testing algorithm of complexity O(N) which can be applied to both functional testing and IDDQ (quiescent power supply current) testing simultaneously to improve functionality and reliability of memory. Finally, we implement BIST (built-in self tsst) circuit and BICS(built-in current sensor), which are embedded on memory chip, to carry out functional testing efficiently and to detect various defects at high-speed respectively.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.314-322
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• 2008

Purpose: Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecologic complaints of young women. This study investigated the changes in the menstrual cycle during test evaluations according to perfectionism and testing anxiety among high school girls in order to provide information for care of dysmenorrhea. Method: Data collection was done from July 14 to 18, 2008 by self administered questionnaires with 300 high school girls. Result: The subjects experienced amenorrhea(35.3%), changes in the menstrual cycle(66.3%), changes in menstrual duration(50.0%), changes in amount of menstruation(47.7%), and increases in menstrual pain during testing evaluations. There were significant differences in changes of menstrual patterns, physical symptoms, and menstrual pain during test evaluations between a high perfectionist group and low perfectionist group. Also, there were significant differences in changes of menstrual patterns, physical symptoms, and menstrual pain during test evaluations between a high testing anxiety group and low testing anxiety group. Perfectionism and testing anxiety showed a positive relationship with changes in menstrual patterns, physical symptoms, and menstrual pain. Conclusion: As perfectionism and testing anxiety seem to contribute to changes in the menstrual cycle during test evaluations, school health-care providers should screen routinely for dysmenorrhea and give more attention to health education on this topic to girls.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2014

A testing inspection is one of the important in the industry, owing to determine the reliability and directivity of testing inspection results. Therefore, the quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) work which performed by personnel not directly in the inventory compilation development, in testing inspection must be thoroughly considered. Some agencies for environmental test inspection, they sometimes misunderstood that the QA/QC was ended with proficiency testing performance and on-site assessment by a director. Thus, results were often calculated without QA/QC work by self manual when conducting test. The objective of this study was to improve reliability of testing and inspection agency through the QA/QC case study which basically performed to raising reliability of testing and inspection agency. In this study, it increased reliability of result by verifying calibration curve (IC, ICV, CCV), blank, accuracy (LCS, MS) and precision as QA/QC performance, while performing investigation of soil contamination in mining areas. This study suggests that reliability establishing method of test result and management method of analysis process, through the QA/QC instance of testing agency.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.21-37
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• 2021

The purpose of the present study is to compare the differences in levels per group of high school students regarding the self-regulated learning factors for mathematics. For this purpose, a self-regulated learning measurement tool was developed and surveys were conducted. And the statistical analysis was completed using the frequency analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis H test. As a result, it is found that self-efficacy is of statistically significant differences in self-regulated learning levels regardless of the group classifications but test anxiety does not show statistically significant differences in self-regulated learning levels regardless of the group classifications.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2015

본 논문은 FPGA 내부의 경계 스캔 체인을 자가 테스트 회로로써 재활용하기 위한 FPGA 자가 테스트 회로 설계 기술을 소개한다. FPGA의 경계 스캔 체인은 테스트나 디버깅 기능뿐만 아니라 각 셀에 연결되어 있는 입출력 핀의 기능을 설정하기 위해서도 사용되기 때문에 일반적인 칩의 경계 스캔 셀보다 매우 크다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 FPGA 경계 스캔 셀의 구조를 분석하고 소수의 FPGA 로직과 함께 테스트 패턴 생성과 결과 분석이 가능하도록 설계한 BIST(built-in-self-test) 회로를 제시한다. FPGA의 경계 스캔 체인을 자가 테스트를 위하여 재사용함으로써 면적 오버헤드를 줄일 수 있고 보드상에서 프로세서를 사용한 온-라인(on-line) 테스트/모니터링도 가능하다. 실험을 통하여 오버헤드 증가량과 시뮬레이션 결과를 제시한다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.74-86
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive self-management program promoting self efficacy for Type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: The study was a methodological research design in which previous related research was reviewed to develop the comprehensive self-management program promoting self efficacy using self efficacy theory. Results: Comprehensive self-management programs promoting self efficacy included the whole range of eight self-management domains: diet, exercise, medication, self-testing of blood glucose, complication or foot, stress, time, and general health, and consisted of four sources of self efficacy: enactive mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological and affective states, as strategies to promote self efficacy. Developmental methods included, in addition to large and small group education, individual education or counseling, and telephone counseling. Conclusion: Further studies are needed in community health centers or hospitals to establish the effects on self-management compliance and glycemic control of the comprehensive self-management program promoting self efficacy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2009

Objectives : The objectives of this study were to examine the specificity and the sensitivity of tenderness testing on the ear about the postpartum breast pain, and to improve the efficacy of the tenderness test. Methods : Thirty women who visited in the hospital for recuperating 2-14 days after childbirth participated in this study. They answered the questionnaire of the severity of breast pain and their auricular acupuncture points were tested by a long metal probe with round tip 1.1mm in diameter. We analyzed the relationship between auricular tenderness testing on mammary gland zone[CW6] and postpartum breast pain with validity and significance as grouping 8 diagnosis methods. Results : When we consider above 'moderate pain' or 'severe pain' in the auricular tenderness testing as a positive sign, and above 'evere pain' or 'very severe pain' in the self-reported breast pain score as a positive symptom, the diagnostic efficacy was highest. The sensitivity for tenderness testing was 0.62-0.75, and the specificity was 0.64-0.72, and the sensitivity and the specificity in the contralateral ear were a little higher than in the ipsilateral ear. Conclusions : These results suggest that auricular tenderness testing can be objectified clinically and be used in diagnosis.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 추계 학술발표회 제16권2호
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• pp.755-758
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• 2004

Self-compactability is defined as a capability of concrete to be uniformly filled and compacted in every corners of formwork by its self-weight without vibration during placing. To evaluate the self compactability of self compacting concrete, the slump flow, the time of slump flow at 500mm and U-box apparatus testing methods are used. In this research, the fresh and hardened properties of self compacting concrete using ground granulated blast furnace slag as a part of cement were investigated for the volume contents of sand in the mortar. The workability, flowing characteristics, air content and compressive strength of concrete were tested and the results were compared with the different volume contents of sand in the mortar. In the experiment, we acquired satisfactory results at the point of flowing characteristics and strengths of self compacting concrete.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.520-534
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• 2004

As the density of memories increases, unwanted interference between cells and the coupling noise between bit-lines become significant, requiring parallel testing. Testing high-density memories for a high degree of fault coverage requires either a relatively large number of test vectors or a significant amount of additional test circuitry. This paper proposes a new tiling method and an efficient built-in self-test (BIST) algorithm for neighborhood pattern-sensitive faults (NPSFs) and new neighborhood bit-line sensitive faults (NBLSFs). Instead of the conventional five-cell and nine-cell physical neighborhood layouts to test memory cells, a four-cell layout is utilized. This four-cell layout needs smaller test vectors, provides easier hardware implementation, and is more appropriate for both NPSFs and NBLSFs detection. A CMOS column decoder and the parallel comparator proposed by P. Mazumder are modified to implement the test procedure. Consequently, these reduce the number of transistors used for a BIST circuit. Also, we present algorithm properties such as the capability to detect stuck-at faults, transition faults, conventional pattern-sensitive faults, and neighborhood bit-line sensitive faults.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2001

Measurements of the initial values lead to an inverse and mathematically unprecisely formulated problem. A precise definition of an inverse problem is possible. It is to state a mathematical model of a physical process with clearly defined initial and exit values for the system behind the process. One can grasp the idea of an inverse problem by considering the tire as a copy of the objects of nature in a room with observations. Interpretation of nature is generally a result of an inverse problem. On one hand, the tire may be represented through the sensory organs and the nervous system as well as the experiences of the developer's existing apparatus of the projection of reality. On the other hand, it may be represented by a physical law or a model that can be confirmed or is to be refuted with the help of suitable measurements. During reconstruction of a measuring signal and the identification of a black box that can be assumed to be linear and causal, the tire becomes a first type Volterra integral equation of the convolution type. But measurements of the initial values are always fuzzy, the errors grow and the system behavior can no longer be forecasted. Thus, we have to deal with a chaotic system. This chaos produces fractals in a natural way. These are self-similar geometric structures. This self-similarity is clearly visible in the design.