• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.141-164
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• 2002

The present study examined the variations in personality variables according to different types for the Korean view of the afterlife, including 'extinction type', 'the other world-oriented transmigration type', 'heaven/hell type' and 'obscurity type'. The results may be summarized as follows: (1) 'the other world-oriented transmigration type' and 'heaven/hell type' showed significantly stronger belief in a just world than 'extinction type', (2) 'extinction type' and 'obscurity type' showed more external attribution for accidents than 'heaven/hell type', (3) there was no difference in unrealistic optimism levels, (4) depending upon the types for the view of the afterlife, not only preferred self-enhancing biases but also positive illusions which related to life satisfaction were different, (5) 'extinction type' showed stronger risk-taking tendency than 'heaven/hell type'. These results were explained in terms of features that belong to each afterlife view. Finally, we discussed the limitation of this study and the directions for future study.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to categorize the adaptation of re-employed injured workers to the workplace and to explore the determinants that affect their adaptation to the workplace. In order to categorize the group of re-employed injured workers to adapt to the workplace, a latent profile analysis was conducted on 522 injured workers. As a result of the analysis, the workplace adaptation group was classified into three types: environmental dominant adaptation type (group 1), work-oriented adaptation type (group 2), and 'environmental adaptation type (group 3). In addition, as a result of conducting a mixed regression analysis to analyze the factors influencing their adaptation to the workplace after industrial accident, it was found that the work-oriented adaptation and environmental adaptation adaptation type were lower than the environmental dominant adaptation type. In addition, it was confirmed that educational background and self-esteem are factors that have an important influence on the adaptation of injured workers to the workplace. Based on the results of this study, it was suggested that the system needs to be supplemented in two aspects: customized support for individuals in the pre-reemployment stage and the employment environment after re-employment in order to increase the adaptation of injured workers to work. Specifically, there are consideration of the development and spread of rehabilitation programs and the expansion of the scope of subsidies that were paid only to the original business owners. Through this study, it is expected that more targeted policy measures can be prepared for re-employed injured workers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.227-248
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• 1990

The study was conceived in relation to a concern over the growing gap between the needs of chronic patients and the availability of care from the current health care system in Korea. Patients with agonizing chronic pain, discomfort, despair and disability are left with helplessly unprepared families with little help from the acute care oriented health care system after discharge from hospital. There is a great need for the development of an alternative means of quality care that is economically feasible and culturally adaptible to our society. Thus, the study was designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of home heath care as an alternative to bridge the existing gap between the patients' needs and the current practice of health care. The study specifically purports to test the effects of home care on health expenditure, readmission, job retention, compliance to health care regime, general conditions, complications, and self-care knowledge and practices. The study was guided by the operations research method advocated by the Primary Health Care Operations Research Institute(PRICOR) which constitutes 3 stages of research : namely, problem analysis solution development, and solution validation. The first step in the operations research was field preparation to develop the necessary consensus and cooperation. This was done through the formation of a consulting body at the hospital and a steering committee among the researchers. For the stage of problem analysis, the Annual Report of Seoul National University Hospital and the patients records for last 5 years were reviewed and selective patient interviews were conducted to find out the magnitude of chronic health problems and areas of unmect health care needs to finally decide on the kinds of health problems to study. On the basis of problem analysis, the solution development stage was devoted to home care program development asa solution alternative. Assessment tools, teaching guidelines and care protocols were developed and tested for their validity. The final stage was the stage of experimentation and evaluation. Patients with liver diseases, hemiplegic and diabetic conditions were selected as study samples. Discharge evaluation, follow up home care, measurement and evaluation were carried out according to the protocols of care and measurement plan for each patient for the period of 6 months after discharge. The study was carried out for the period from Jan. 1987 to Dec. 1989. The following are the results of the study presented according to the hypotheses set forth for the study ; 1. Total expenditures for the period of study were not reduced for the experimental group, however, since the cost per hospital visit is about 4 times as great as the cost per home visit, the effect of cost saving by home care will become a reality as home care replaces part of the hospital visits. 2. The effect on the rate of readmission and job retention was found to be statistically nonsignificant though the number of readmission was less among the experimental group receiving home care. 3. The effect on compliance to the health care regime was found to be statistically significant at the 5% level for hepatopathic and diabetic patients. 4. Education on diet, rest and excise, and medication through home care had an effect on improved liver function test scores, prevention of complications and self - care knowledge in hepatopathic patients at a statistically significant level. 5. In hemiplegic patient, home care had an effect on increased grasping power at a significant level. However. there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the level of compliane, prevention of complications or in self-care practices. 6. In diabetic patients, there was no difference between the experimental and control groups in scores of laboratory tests, appearance of complications, and self-care knowledge or self -care practices. The above findings indicate that a home care program instituted for such short term as 6 months period could not totally demonstrate its effectiveness at a statistically significant level by quantitative analysis however, what was shown in part in this analysis, and in the continuous consultation sought by those who had been in the experimental group, is that home health care has a great potential in retarding or preventing pathological progress, facilitating rehabilitative and productive life, and improving quality of life by adding comfort, confidence and strength to patients and their families. For the further studies of this kind with chronic patients it is recommended that a sample of newly diagnosed patients be followed up for a longer period of time with more frequent observations to demonstrate a more dear- cut picture of the effectiveness of home care.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.403-413
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• 1998

The Resilience is described as the personal capacity which brings psychosocial comeback. The role of nursing is to do its best to rehabilitate patients and to explore the individual in order to promote patients psychosocial change. However, as the current nursing is heavily physical nursing oriented, the identity of the nursing would be lost. Therefore this researcher reviewed if the concept of resilience can be applied to the nursing after examing the concept of resilience by Documents and Fieldwork. The methodology of this research is Hybrid Model developed by Schwartz-Barcott and Kim for the concept development and analysis. The process and procedure consist of The Theoretical Phase, The Fieldwork Phase and The Final Analytical Phase in accodance with the Hybrid Model. The followings the summary of the Research. 1. The Concept of Resilience Finally Analyzed by Documents and Fieldwork (1) The Redefinition of Resilience The resilience is the latent psychosocial capacity which minimize the negative emotion and promote the adaptation under adversity. Resilience appears as cognitive, emotional and behavioral response in the course of changing from negative response to positive response through the interaction of the individual and the enviroments in a given time. Resilience changes and decreases according to time and situation and it can be nurtured. Resilience is the higher concept including hardiness, sense of coherence and self-strength which maintain the health under stress. (2) The Attribute of Resilience The attribute of resilience was devided into psychological and social dimension. In psychological attributes, there are admittion of reality of situation, denial of negative emotion, desire to live, responsibility, confidence, courage, hope, pursuit of positive meaning, identification and pursuit of goal, self-esteem, reception, spontaneity, planning, positiveness, will power, flexibility and creativity. In social attributes, there are a sense of belonging, perception of social support and active social relations. (3) The Process of Resilience There are 4 resilience phases which were the process minimizing the possibility of the negative chain reactions under adversity, the process minimizing the negative emotion under adversity, the process gaining the desire to live and the process exposing the active social relations. 2. The Application Possibility of Resilience Concept to Nursing The resilience concept is the psychosocial capacity with which an individual manages adversity. As many nursing scientists have developed nursing theory based on this capacity and the identification of nursing has been established in this field, resilience is not the new conception in nursing. However, since resilience appears in the attributes related with the resilience process concretely, it would help a lot when nurses execute psychosocial nursing.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.57-63
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• 2016

Purpose - The present study aimed to investigate the difference between entity theorists and incremental theorists in the extent of attributing efforts and traits of consumers for the realization of pursued goals. Furthermore, the present study was conducted to determine the difference depending on circumstances. In this regard, the circumstances where consumers felt pride were divided into those in which important goals and ordinary life goals were achieved. Research design, data, and methodology - An empirical study was performed, which was divided into group 1 and 2. Group 1 is the experimental group concerned with the important goal achievement, and group 2 is the control group related to daily ordinary goal achievement. 80 college students were assigned to each group, respectively. The empirical study for each of the two groups was performed respectively by means of questionnaire survey. In the experimental group, t-test was used to verify the hypotheses for the empirical study. In the circumstances of the control group, t-test was also used to examine whether the results were same as those shown from the analysis of experimental group data or not. Results - According to the group 1 and 2, the t-test of the empirical study showed that entity theorists tended to attribute the achievements of goals to their traits more than incremental theorists did, whereas the incremental theorists tended to attribute achievements of goals to their efforts more than entity theorists did in the important goals-achieved circumstance. In the circumstance of daily life goals-achieved, additional questionnaire survey and analysis were conducted, however, there was no difference between incremental and entity theorists in regard to attributing realization of goals to their efforts, and it leads to assess the difference in the meaning of invested efforts between important goal and ordinary goal achievement. Conclusions - Considering that the feeling of consumers has been regarded as one of the significant factors in marketing mix management, the results of this study are considered as significant implications for management. The implications can be said that when incremental consumers feel authentic pride in the important goals-achieved circumstance, marketers are requested to emphasize the fact that the efforts of consumers have contributed to realization of the important goals. By contrast, when consumers feel hubristic pride in both circumstances, marketers are requested to approach to entity-oriented consumers by way of trait. Authentic and hubristic pride are pervasive and engendered by important events or daily routines, and they could have effect on delaying making decisions. Therefore, it is necessary for future research to examine the unexplored difference of effect between incidental authentic and hubristic pride on consumer's self-control. In particular, future researches are related to the extent of difference in attributing efforts and traits. The consumers'realization for the previously pursued goals between entity theorists and incremental theorists affects their present or long distant decisions in self-control dilemmas. The consumers are faced with choosing one between virtuous long term- related option and vice immediate option.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.933-940
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• 2013

Our country is defenseless against the aging population in society that is suddenly and rapidly increasing. This is expressed as the aging shock and aged society earthquake, warning us of the crisis in the future society. Senior citizens of Korea are a group that does not receive proper education due to various social factors, and it is a group that requires lifelong education more than any other group, and therefore, senior citizens have become a priority target for lifelong education. Thus, the need for lifelong education for seniors can be said to be in establishing a new senior citizen image so that they may live a fuller retirement by improving their abilities to appropriately adapt to the rapidly changing modern society due to the digital times. Furthermore, with the enhanced cultural level and personal desire for a fuller life in the modern society, the necessity for leisure activities has been emphasized. Instead of simply relieving stress through leisure activities, it aims at being provided with educational opportunities through leisure activities. Therefore, senior leisure activity education should be an important method for establishing the senior citizen identity of a self-oriented senior, productive senior, volunteering senior, informed senior, and a well-rounded senior, which are all the image of senior citizens in the 21st century. In addition, a specialized leisure activity program that systematically provides education for leisure activities should be performed from the perspective of lifelong education. Hence, the significance of senior citizen leisure activities as lifelong education is in improving health, enhancing sociability and realizing one's self, while improving the quality of life for senior citizens. It will be greatly meaningful for establishing the new senior citizen image in which they independently live their own lives, while not being dependent on others, as required in the 21st century.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.447-457
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• 2015

This study has attempted to find the teaching methods for the elementary students with low science achievement by examining the differences of science learning motivation, academic stress and stress coping styles and the characteristics shown in the relationship between them. To achieve this, the differences of science learning motivation, academic stress and stress coping styles of the elementary students with low science achievement and their relationship was set up as a study problem. A science learning motivation using a science learning motivation questionnaire reconfigured with PALS along with underachievers diagnosis were measured targeting 660 elementary students located in Seoul. Using an academic stress questionnaire and stress coping style questionnaire, an academic stress and stress coping styles were measured. The results of analyzing the collected data are as follows. First, a science learning motivation of elementary students with low science achievement was lower than the general students but the academic stress was shown higher. Especially, the self-efficacy of science learning motivation was significantly lower and the school stress was highest. For stress coping styles, a tendency of passive and avoidment coping styles were shown higher than the general students. Second, among the science learning motivation of elementary students with low science achievement, the self-efficacy motivation and school stress have shown a negative correlation but had a positive correlation with the goal-oriented motivation centered on ability. In the correlation between the science learning motivation of elementary students with low science achievement and the stress coping styles, the pursuit of social support coping styles have shown a significant positive correlation with the science learning motivation and its subcategories. As a result of conducting a regression analysis on the influence of academic stress and stress copying styles on the science learning motivation of elementary students with low science achievement, among the academic stresses, the school stress was shown to have the biggest influence. Among the stress coping styles, the pursuit of social support coping styles had the biggest influence on the science learning motivation followed by active coping behaviors, passive and avoidment coping behaviors. Low science learning motivation as underachievement factors of elementary students with low science achievement was identified as having a relationship with high school stress and undesirable stress copying styles. Therefore, guidance and a program are required for the elementary student with low science achievement to have desirable stress coping methods on the stressful situations. In addition, for the improvement of science learning motivation, a learning environment is needed for the elementary students with low science achievement with seeking of relevant educational methods.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.27-53
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• 1999

The goal of this study is to review and define the role of nurses' who are engaged in Korea Oriental medical treatments in oriental medical hospitals. We think this study can contribute to the development of 'Korea Oriental medical science & nursing science' and 'Public health care'. A large portion of nurses's role in Korea Oriental Medicine(KOM. 한방/한의학) is assistance to doctors treatment. But besides of these role, we think there are many things that are riskless for nurses to do alone. But in present situation, few nurses in KOM. have enough knowledge to treat these medical treatments alone. So we believe this study will provide a way for nurses to participate more actively in KOM. public health care. With the goal of this study, we checked all medical treatments that have been practiced in oriental medical hospitals, and classified these treatments with some groups. And we organized a inquiry. At this inquiry, we ask 'What is the adequate role of nurses in Korea Oriental medical treatment? & What kind of treatment can nurses do?' We got 58 responses from nationwide 121 hospitals. From these response, more than half of them said nurses can do following medical treatment in the oriental medical hospital: 1. starting and ending part of following treatments; External treatments by instrument, by hydrotheraphy, by herb, by suction, moxibustion, Manipulative therapies on soft structure, Living and mind-body therapies. 2. pulling out Acupuncture. 3. boiling herb, judgement on dosing temperature, assisting in dosing, 4. assisting Diet, 5. operating from Living and mind-body therapies. 6. leading Physical training However, these results are coming out from present situation. So, after well-oriented instructions for nurses, this study will be need to carry out again. From this study, we suggest a desirable curriculum for students who study 'Korea Oriental Nursing Science.' That is to say, at basic course students take 4 subject for 6 credits. And at as an expert course, it should be dividend into Clinical Nursing Specialist in KOM., Self-care Nursing Specialist, Regimen Nursing Specialist and take 17 credits per each course.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.59-70
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• 2016

Purpose - The objectives of this study are described as following. First, the study will establish the concept of Brand Values of Environmentally-friendly agricultural product through theoretical discussion. Second, it shows the effects of Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Products brand value on Brand Satisfaction, Brand Trust and Brand Loyalty by empirical investigation. Third, in order to provide the methodology of brand development, literature regarding and questionnaire survey were used such as Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Products Brand Value, Brand Satisfaction, Brand Trust and Brand Loyalty. Based up on the results, the research estimates consumers' relative priorities of Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Products Brand Value factors in purchase. This research also suggests the consumer oriented new brand development and the progressive direction for the successful launching of Korean Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Products Brand. Research design, data, and methodology - Because the relative literatures reviewed regarding not only each factor but also the relationships among them, Brand Value was categorized into 4 dimensions: Emotional, Social, Functional, and Epistemic Value. Then, Brand Loyalty was added as an outcome variable and Brand Satisfaction, Brand Trust were also added as mediators. The proposed research model and 13 hypotheses were created and 23 measurement items were developed. A face-to-face questionnaire survey with items concerning the Brand Value of Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Products is conducted to housewives in metropolitan area in May 2016. Respondent answered about Brand Value, Brand Satisfaction, Brand Trust and Brand Loyalty in preferred Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Products. 333 copies of the questionnaire were collected and analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 20.0 to determine the reliability and validity of the measurements. Results - From the confirmatory factor analysis and a structural equation modeling, the outcomes of these studies were as follows; (1) Three Brand value dimensions, i.e. Emotional Value, Social Value, and Epistemic Value had a significant and positive impact on Brand Satisfaction, but Functional Value did not. (2) Social Value also had an impact on Brand Trust, (3) Brand Satisfaction significantly affected Brand Trust, and Brand Trust influenced on Brand Loyalty, and (4) Brand Satisfaction were perfectly effective in mediation between Emotional Value, Epistemic Value and Brand Trust, and it also partially mediated between Social Value and Brand Trust. Conclusions - According to the result of consumer research on Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Product brand, 3 dimensions of brand value affected brand satisfaction, and especially Social Value was a significant positive dimension. So, marketers should concern about value proposition of Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Product to consumers by using premium package design, store identity, and distinctive product. Consumers wanted to get self-esteem, self-regard, and high social position by purchasing it. This study has academic and practical significance, so the findings can be applied to a wide range of brand management strategies. However, there are some limitations; 1) limitation about development of new brand value dimensions, 2) limitation about gender in the area of respondents. Future research should be done with wide range of respondents.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.157-168
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to provide basic data regarding health care services for middle-aged men, via an analysis of the relationships among stress level, food habits and well-being-related attitudes with social-demographic characteristics and health-related factors. The main findings of this study were as follows. The average age of the participants was $48.7{\pm}5.2$. With regard to health status, 18.8% of the participants were diagnosed with digestive diseases within the past year. Stress levels were higher in the participants with lower levels of educational attainment. Furthermore, participants who had become divorced or lived separately from their families, participants who did not have their own houses, and participants who reported low marital satisfaction also had high levels of stress. Our food habits scores revealed meaningful differences among the study subjects, and were shown to vary with marital satisfaction, occupation, and residence type. In terms of both the importance and practice level of well-being-associated food habits, the most frequent response in this study was 'Consume home-made food rather than processed or ready-to-eat food' ($4.30{\pm}0.86$, $3.68{\pm}1.04$). In terms of importance level, the factors most relevant to well-being in terms of food habits were education level, marital satisfaction, residence type, self-assessed health status, smoking, drinking, regular exercises and leisure activities. With regard to practice levels, the degree to which subjects engaged in food habits targeted toward well-being differed meaningfully depending on marital status, marital satisfaction, residence type, family type, self-assessed health status, smoking, drinking, nutritional supplement intake, regular exercises and leisure activities. After analyzing the correlation among stress level, food habit score and the attitude towards well-being-related dietary habits (importance and practice level), we observed a meaningful relationship between the four factors at the level of p<0.001. According to the above result, continuous attention to health, including the appropriate control of smoking and drinking, as well as, stress management, via regular exercises and appropriate food habits is expected to exert a positive influence on the prevention of disease, and is also expected to improve quality of life. For all well-being-associated items, the importance level was shown to be higher than the practice level. Thus, in order to foster health-oriented food habits, we recommend that a new plan be designed, targeted toward ease of active practice for middle-aged men.