• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.5 no.2 s.10
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• pp.83-89
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• 2003

In this study, a new coded targets that being suitable for a Mobile Mapping System and method of automated target recognition and coordinates determination of center point was developed, the purpose of a Mobile Mapping System is acquisition and logging data around the road for the camera calibration and the Exterior orientation of system, target installed previously and CCD cameras captured the image, target center point was observed by hands, but using coded target, target recognition and center point observation process will be automated effectively, in addition we keeped up the consistency of photo coordinates observation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 1991

In this study, the accuracy of three dimensional location was improved by self calibration bundle method with additional parameter, which is to correct systematic error through detection and elimination of the gross error from updated reference variance for observation values in photogram-metry. In this study, with the result of comparing accuracy of each method, correcting systematic error is more effective after gross error detection and when observation values are contained more than two gross error the point with maximum correlation value is detected by masking effect of least square adjustment.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.40-52
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• 2001

The ratio of the elderly population is rapidly growing due to socio-economic development and better medical services. As the average life-span of the Korean elderly becomes longer, the proportion of the elderly is increasing. Therefore, the elderly need to sustain a high quality of life. However, all these factors, such as sensory loss, decreased endurance, mobility limitation, and a loss of independence, act to diminish the quality of life among the elderly. It is necessary for elders to adapt themselves to aging, to maintain their physical functions and especially, it is important to keep their independence in activity of daily living and self care. Therefore, this study was designed to identify the degree of activity in daily living and exercise of a self-care agency and to investigate the relationship between activity of daily living and self-care agency. Also, this research aimed to contribute to nursing interventions that maintain and promote quality of life of the elderly and to enable themselves to live independently. The subject of this study were 160 elders, over age 65, who were sampled in C city. Data were collected by observation and questionnaires from May,1999 to December, 1999. The measurement tools were Barthel Index(1979), Lawton & Brody(1969) for activity of daily living and Kearney & Fleischer(1979) for self-care agency. Data were analyzed by SAS PC+ package and included descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha. The conclusions of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The mean of ADL and IADL was 96.09 and 16.38, respectively. The score described activity of daily living among the elders in C province as moderate. Particularly, in the items of IADL, the item of medication was the highest score. 2. The mean for exercise of self-care agency was 76.48, a moderate degree. 3. The degree of ADL and IADL according to demographic characteristics was significantly different statistically in pocket money, the presence of disease, perceived health status and in occupation, pocket money, family type, the presence of disease, and perceived health status, respectively. 4. The dagree of selt-care agency according to demographic characteristics was significantly different statistically in gender, education level, economic status, and pocket money. 5. There was a significant positive correlation between activity in daily living and self-care agency. Based on these results, further research is suggested to discover the variables influencing the activity of daily living and self-care agency to develop nursing strategies for improving self-care and activity of daily living among the elderly.

• Trans-
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• v.14
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• pp.35-63
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• 2023

Parkinson's disease is a degenerative neurological disease that affects even basic daily life movements due to impairment of body function caused by a lack of dopamine, which is charge of the body movement. Presently, it is hard to cure Parkinson's disease entirely with medical technology, so movement therapy as a solution to delay and prevent disease is getting more attention. Therefore, this study aims at desiging and disseminating a body movement program that concentrates on individual self-care and balacing the state of body and mind by applying the Feldenkrais Method® to patients with Parkinson's disease. The Feldenkrais Method® is a mind-body perceptual learning method using body movements. It is a methodology that re-educates the nervous system by connecting the brain and behavior as a function of neuroplasticity. In this study, the body movement program developed and verified by the researcher was modified and supplemented with a focus on the self-awareness of the Feldenkrais Method®. A 24-session physical exercise program was composed of 5 stages to improve the self-management ability of patients with Parkinson's disease. The stages include self-awareness, self-observation, self-organization, self-control, and self-care. The overall changes recognize one's condition and improve one's ability to detect modifications in the internal sense and external environment. In conclusion, the body movement program improves the body movement program improves mental and physical functions and self-care for Parkinson's disease patients through the Feldenkrais method. The availability of the program's on-site applicability remains a follow-up task. Furthermore, it is necessary to establish a systematic structure to spread it more widely through convergent cooperation with the scientific field applied with metaverse as a reference for the wellness of the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of a Korean version of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) developed for assessment of pain in critically ill nonverbal patients. Methods: Data were collected from a convenience sample of 30 critically ill patients admitted to a medical ICU in a hospital. The CPOT was tested at before, during and 20 minutes after changing a position and suction. Upon establishment of content and translation equivalence between the English and Korean version of CPOT. Results: The interrater reliability was found to be acceptable with the kappa coefficients of .76-1. The construct validity of the pain scores were increased from 0.43 to 2.5 in changing a position (t=-8.60, p<.001)and 0.1 to 3.23 (t=-9.36, p<.001) in suctioning. The pain scores were decreased from 6.06 to 4.01 in changing a position (t=-10.19, p<.001) and 6.45 to 4.13 (t=-10.39, p<.001) in suctioning. The concurrent validity the correlations between pain scores and physiological indicators, and a increased in Heart rate before and after changing a position (r=.65, p<.001). Conclusion: The CPOT can be used as a reliable and valid measure to assess pain in critically ill nonverbal a medical ICU patients.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 1993

It is desirable to utilize the result after studying the rainfall characteristics including the latest observation data in the districts for the sake of establishment of the more accurate plans for drainage or plans for hydraulic stuctures because the rainfall phenomena are different in their characteristics by regional groups and if we make a meteorological observation for a long period of time, the rainfall characteristics also change a great deal as compared with the preceding years. Therefore, we selected only the annual maximum rainfall from the self-recording rain gauge of the main rainfall observation station (Cheju, Sogwipo, Songsanpo) in the Cheju districts in the last twenty years, extracted the rainfall by actual measurement by the rainfall duration, and induced the optimal probable rainfall-intensity formulas by regional groups in the Cheju districts, taking advantage of the rainfall formulas being in wide use in general, that is, Talbot type, Sherman type, Japanese type, and new Semi-log type. As the result, the return periods at Cheju station appeared to be three years to five years and the optimal probable rainfall-intensity formula at Cheju station, Japanese type and outside the city, Talbot type; Sogwipo, Sherman type; Songsanpo, Talbot type respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 1988

The observation of the tidal current and the bottom contour around the set net fishing ground were carried out at four different regions of the southern part of Korea in order to obtain the basic information on the migrating course of fishes. The bottom contour was surveyed with portable echo sounder, and the tidal current was observed by two different methods at the same time. One was 25 hour observation at the fixed position with self-recording current meter (Inter Ocean Model 135 type) and the other was the drift observation of radar reflectors. Most of the set nets have been set near bottom valleys. It was regarded that the fish school became to dense easily near the valley according to the combined effect of the tidal current and the bottom contour.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2009

Hand-washing has been recognized as a critical factor in controlling infection and cross-contamination. This study was performed to investigate hygienic behavior of male university students focusing on awareness of hand-washing, their hand washing practices, and the difference between their awareness and practices. Both a self-administered questionnaire survey and a separate direct observation in restrooms were carried out at a university campus over a four week period. In the survey, 93.6% of the responded students claimed to wash their hands after using toilet. However, just 16.9% of the observed students actually did so, according to a separate and unnoticed observational study. Among the observed students who washed their hands, 25.0% of them used soap, only 5.0% of them washed four parts of their hands, and 15.0% of them washed their hands for more than 10 seconds. Paper towel was the most common hand drying method in the direct observation and also in the survey. Significant differences between the questionnaire survey and the direct observation (p<0.0l) were found in hand-washing practices, duration of hand-washing, using soap, washing parts of the hand, and hand-drying method after using the toilet. This study indicates that there is a remarkable difference between the male university students' awareness of hand-washing and their hand-washing practices. This study reveals that there is the need for programs or campaigns to increase hand-washing practices of male university students.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 1999

Medimin A is a derivative of vitamin A which has been developed by coupling retinoic acid with polyethylene glycol(PEG) to enhance skin permeability and stability. We carried out the collagen synthesis and clinical test to examine the reducing effect of wrinkles by Medimin A. In vitro collagen synthesis was evaluated by quantitative assay of ($^3$H)-proline incorporation into collagenase sensitive protein in fibroblast cultures. Clinical test was evaluated by image analysis of skin replica, visual observation and self-estimated response of volunteers for 10 weeks. Medimin A stimulated about 40% in collagen synthesis. The area of main deep wrinkle on the skin replica was reduced 38.4% with topical application of O/W emulsion containing 0.2% Medimin A. The wrinkles on the eye region was also reduced 25.4%-44.1% by the visual observation and 93% of all volunteers responded that topical application of the O/W emulsion was showed some reducing effect of wrinkles after 10 weeks. From these results, we suggest that Medimin A is a potent anti-wrinkle agent by objective evaluation methods(in vitro collagen synthesis and image analysis of skin replica) and subjective evaluation methods(visual observation and self-estimated response of volunteers).

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.12
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• pp.1285-1294
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• 2021

In recent years, as rainfall is concentrated and rainfall intensity increases worldwide due to climate change, the scale of flood damage is increasing. Rainfall of a previously unobserved magnitude falls, and the rainy season lasts for a long time on record. In particular, these damages are concentrated in ASEAN countries, and at least 20 million people among ASEAN countries are affected by frequent flooding due to recent sea level rise, typhoons and torrential rain. Korea supports the domestic flood warning system to ASEAN countries through various ODA projects, but the communication network is unstable, so there is a limit to the central control method alone. Therefore, in this study, an artificial intelligence-based flood prediction model was developed to develop an observation station that can observe water level and rainfall, and even predict and warn floods at once at one observation station. Training, validation and testing were carried out for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 6 hours of lead time using the rainfall and water level observation data in 10-minute units from 2009 to 2020 at Junjukbi-bridge station of Seolma stream. LSTM was applied to artificial intelligence algorithm. As a result of the study, it showed excellent results in model fit and error for all lead time. In the case of a short arrival time due to a small watershed and a large watershed slope such as Seolma stream, a lead time of 1 hour will show very good prediction results. In addition, it is expected that a longer lead time is possible depending on the size and slope of the watershed.