• 한국의류학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.323-336
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• 2015

This study explored the effect of Sociocultural attitudes toward appearance on appearance concerns, appearance management behavior, appearance complex, face satisfaction, and body satisfaction. The sample of the study was women aged between 20 and 40 who live in Seoul or Gyeonggi-do. We used 292 questionnaires for the final statistical analysis. Data were analyzed by common factor analysis, and multiple linear regression using SPSS 12.0 / Windows. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, Sociocultural attitudes toward appearance were classified into internalization and awareness, appearance management into weight control, hair care, make-up, and skin care, and appearance complex into complex from other people and complex from self. Internalization showed significant positive effects on appearance concerns, hair care, weight control, face satisfaction, and body satisfaction; however, there were negative effects on make-up, skin care, and complex from other people. Awareness showed significant positive effects on make-up skin care, weight control, and complex from other people; however, there were negative effects on appearance concerns, hair care, face satisfaction, and body satisfaction.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.715-720
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• 2013

Background Many people have an interest in the correction of facial scars or deformities caused by trauma. The increasing ability to correct such flaws has been one of the reasons for the increase in the popularity of facial plastic surgery. In addition to its roles in communication, breathing, eating, olfaction and vision, the appearance of the face also plays an important role in human interactions, including during social activities. However, studies on the importance of the functional role of facial appearance. As a function of the face are scare. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the importance of the functions of the face in Korea. Methods We conducted an online panel survey of 300 participants (age range, 20-70 years). Each respondent was administered the demographic data form, Facial Function Assessment Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and standard gamble questionnaires. Results In the evaluation on the importance of facial functions, a normal appearance was considered as important as communication, breathing, speech, and vision. Of the 300 participants, 85% stated that a normal appearance is important in social activities. Conclusions The results of this survey involving a cross-section of the Korean population indicated that a normal appearance was considered one of the principal facial functions. A normal appearance was considered more important than the functions of olfaction and expression. Moreover, a normal appearance was determined to be an important facial function for leading a normal life in Korea.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.278-290
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the mediating effect of learning flow and the moderated mediation effect of digital literacy on the effect of the learning presence of non-face-to-face class experience in nursing students on academic achievement. Methods: Participants were 272 nursing students from six universities in two different cities. A self-report questionnaire was used to measure learning presence, learning flow, digital literacy, and academic achievement. Analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 and SPSS PROCESS Macro (4.0). Results: The mediating effect of learning flow on the effect of learning presence on academic achievement was 0.42, and the moderated mediation index of digital literacy was 0.17. Learning flow showed a mediating effect on the relationship between learning presence and academic achievement. Digital literacy had a moderated mediation effect on the relationship between learning presence and academic achievement that was mediated by learning flow. Conclusion: The intensity of the mediating effect of nursing students' learning presence on academic achievement through learning flow increases as the level of digital literacy increases. These results suggest that educational programs considering the level of learning presence, learning flow, and digital literacy are required to promote the academic achievement of nursing college students.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.455-462
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• 2022

본 연구는 COVID-19로 기술을 활용한 비대면 지역사회 돌봄서비스의 수요가 증가함에 따라 독거노인 돌봄에 있어 인간 중심의 IT 활용방안을 모색하기 위해 진행되었다. 전문가 대상 FGI를 통해 ICT 활용 돌봄서비스 현황, 전달체계의 문제, 윤리적 이슈를 확인하였다. IT를 활용한 서비스로 독거노인의 생활안전과 고독사 예방을 위한 보조기술인 '돌봄플러그'와 정서적 지지의 반려로봇이 활용되고 있었다. 전달체계 상의 문제로는 일상생활 지원을 위한 보조기술 활용에 대한 신뢰 부족, 공급자중심, 일률적 제공이라는 문제가 도출되었으며 대면서비스의 보조적 수단으로 활용되어야 하고 통제 가능하며 편이성이 담보되어야 할 필요성이 제시되었다. 인간중심의 IT 활용을 위한 윤리적 이슈로 '자기결정권의 보장', '사생활보호', '충분한 알권리의 보장', 그리고 '사각지대 포괄'의 이슈가 제시되었다. 연구 결과를 토대로 이용자 중심의 설계 필요성과 인간중심의 보조기술 활용을 위안 윤리지표의 필요성을 제시하였다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.288-302
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• 2022

Objective: Community pharmacists are frontline health care providers, but have been considered as underutilized professionals on a daily basis. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on community pharmacy services and to evaluate new services that could be applicable. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies published up to January 10, 2020. Search terms consisted of keywords relevant to this review, including "COVID-19", "community pharmacy", and "community pharmacist". This review targeted studies of pharmacist services provided by community pharmacies in OECD member countries during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Results: Twenty-seven studies were included in this review. Changes in community pharmacist services due to the COVID-19 pandemic were broadly classified into four categories. First, as the face-to-face services became challenging, various non-face-to-face services were being tried. Second, community pharmacists directly participated in the services to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Third, community pharmacists made efforts to support continuity of care for patients who experienced difficulties due to the reduced professional care as health and medical resources are concentrated in response to COVID-19. Fourth, community pharmacist services were emerging, targeting patients suffering from greater health inequality during the pandemic. Patients expressed high demand and satisfaction for the service of the community pharmacist, and pharmacists reported self-efficacy and professional pride. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, various community pharmacist services have been tried and received positive evaluations from patients in several OECD countries.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.202-209
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• 2023

Background: With the emergent transition of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for online/offline blended learning that can effectively be utilized in a team-based learning (TBL) course has emerged. Methods: We used the online metaverse platforms, Gather and Zoom, along with face-to-face teaching methods in a team-based Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience (IPPE) course and examined students' learning satisfaction and achievement, as well as their preferences to the learning platforms. A survey questionnaire was distributed to the students after the IPPE course completion. All data were analyzed using Excel and SPSS. Results: Students had high levels of course satisfaction (4.61±0.57 out of 5) and achievement of course learning objectives (4.49±0.70 out of 5), and these were positively correlated with self-directed learning ability. While students believed that the face-to-face platform was the most effective method for many of the class activities, they responded that Gather was the most effective platform for team presentations. The majority of students (64.3%) indicated that blended learning was the most preferred method for a TBL course. Conclusion: Students in a blended TBL IPPE course had high satisfaction and achievements with the use of various online/offline platforms, and indicated that blended learning was the most preferred learning method. In the post-COVID-19 era, it is important to utilize the blended learning approach in a TBL setting that effectively applies online/offline platforms according to the learning contents and activities to maximize students' learning satisfaction and achievement.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보교육학회 2021년도 학술논문집
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• pp.187-192
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 비대면 원격수업으로 진행된 A초등학교의 소프트웨어교육 실태를 분석하여 문제점을 발견하고 이를 개선할 수 있는 방법을 제언하고자 한다. 2020년 초에 시작된 코로나바이러스감염증-19(COVID-19) 유행으로 인해 신학기 개학이 계속 연기되었고 마침내 2020년 4월 9일, 온라인 개학과 함께 1학기가 시작되었다. 비대면 원격수업을 진행하며 대부분의 학생들은 어려움을 겪었다고 답했고. 학생들은 수업 중 어려움을 교사가 아닌 인터넷 검색이나 프로그램 자체 힌트로 해결해야만 했다. 수업 후 자기평가에서 대부분의 학생들이 코딩 실력의 상승이 없다고 답을 했다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 학교는 학생들에게 스마트 기기를 추가로 대여해주고 수업과 실습이 동시에 가능한 물리적 환경을 조성해주어 실시간 쌍방향 수업을 진행해야한다. 코로나 19 이후 원격수업은 수업의 한 패러다임으로 자리를 잡았다. 따라서 소프트웨어교육도 원격수업에 맞는 교육과정 및 교수학습방법의 연구와 개발이 필요할 것이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.483-496
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to describe how Korean nurses overcome the language barrier while working in the U.S. hospital settings. Twelve Korean nurses living in New York metropolitan area were asked open-ended, descriptive questions to collect the data. The interviews were done in Korean. All interviews were audiotaped under the permission of the participants and were transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using grounded theory analysis. The research process consisted of two phases. In the first phase 8 Korean nurses were interviewed and analyzed. In the second phase, further data were collected to verify categories and working hypotheses that were emerged from the first phase. The results of this study show that all Korean nurses experienced severe psychological stress such as confusion, anxiety, frustration, loss of self-confidence, embarrassment, guilt, depression, anger, and fear. Among the mode of communication such as listening, speaking, leading, and writing, they had the most difficulty in speaking. Speaking ability was especially important for them because of the emphasis of individualism and self-defense in the U.S. Among the verbal communication modes, non-face-to-face communications such as phone conversation and body language were the most difficu1t for them to overcome. It took at least 2 years for the participants to initially overcome the language barrier in U.S. hospitals. After 2-5 years they began to feel comfortable even in non-face-to-face communication. They could actively search for the better place to work after 5 years. They finally felt comfortable in English and in their job almost after 10 years. The factors that influenced the English improvement were ‘the years of clinical experience in Korea’, ‘the decade they came to the U.S.’ ‘coming to U.S. alone or with other Korean nurses’, ‘racial homogeneity or heterogeneity of the working unit’, and ‘the degree of social support’. The strategies Korean nurses used to overcome the language barrier included depending on the written communication, using ‘nunchi’, working and studying hard, and establishing good interpersonal relationships with co-workers. They also employed assertive behavior of the U.S., such as using more explicit verbal language and employing smiles and eye contact with others during the conversation. The results of the study may help Korean nurses and nursing students who try to work in U.S. hospital settings by understanding problems other Korean nurses faced, factors that influenced their English improvement, and strategies they used. They may also help U.S. nurses and administrators in developing and implementing efficient programs for newly employed Korean nurses by understanding major problems and feelings the Korean nurses experienced and strategies they used to overcome the language barriers.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of depression on older adults' metamemory and memory performances. The subjects of the study consisted of 103 older adults over the age of 60 who are living in Kangwon Province. Some data were collected by means of the interview method, using questionnaires for metamemory (MIA questionnaire by Hultsch, et al., 1988), and depression(GDS by Yesavage and Sheikl, 1986). Other data were collected by a testing method on the memory performance, such as the immediate word recall task, the delayed word recall task, the word recognition task(Elderly Verbal Learning Test by Kyung Mi Choi, 1998), and the face recognition task(Face Recognition Task tool developed by this study). The results of this study were as follows: 1) The average point of depressed older persons' metamemory is 3.2 on a 5 point scale and was significantly lower than nondepressed older persons' point of 3.6. Looking into each sub-concept of metamemory, depressed persons' points are higher in terms of task(4.1), but are lower in terms of change(2.3), locus(2.6), and strategy(2.9) in comparison with nondepressed persons' points. 2) Depressed older persons' memory performances are all significantly lower than nondepressed person's, especially in terms of face recognition task(t=7.26, p<.0082) and word recognition task(t=6.58, p<.01). 3) In both depressed and nondepressed persons, metamemory has a close correlation with all memory tasks. In particular, depressed older persons' correlation is higher across the board, especially in memory self-efficacy of metamemory(r=.36 - .49) in comparison with nondepressed persons. 4) According to the results of analysis on the relations between metamemory and memory performances of each memory task using canonical analysis, in the case of depressed older persons, strategy, locus, capability and task have high correlation with word recognition task and delayed word recall task. Also in the case of nondepressed persons, achievement, strategy, change and locus variable have high correlation with face recognition task and immediate word recall task. As mentioned above, depression variables have a negative effect on older persons' metamemory and memory performance. In conclusion, when we care for depressed older persons with less memory ability, we have to consider the outcomes of this study are relevant. In addition, it is necessary to develop nursing intervention in order to prevent memory loss and improve memory performance in depressed older persons.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.521-537
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• 2022

전례없는 COVID-19 대유행은 교사교육 프로그램에서 일상적으로 예비교사들을 교육하는 방법을 방해함과 동시에 변화를 일으켜 왔다. 본 논문에서는, 두 명의 수학교사교육자들이 COVID-19 대유행동안 대면 수업을 온라인 수업으로 전환하는 과정에 있어 초등수학방법론 교수법을 전용, 변환, 재구성, 수정한 경험을 반성하고자 한다. 협동적인 자기 연구 방법을 사용하여, 우리는 온라인 환경에서 초등수학방법론 수업을 가르치는데 있어 이슈, 도전, 변화, 기회와 혁신에 대해 논의하였다. 지속적 비교 방법을 활용하여, 본 논문에서는 다음 세 가지 주제에 대해 탐구하였다: (1) 가상 교구 사용하기; (2) 예비 교사를 위해 협동적, 상호적, 공유된 학습 경험 만들기; (3) 예비교사들이 학생의 사고에 참여하도록 하기. 본 논문의 결과는 수학교사교육자들의 공학적 교수학적 내용지식을 분석하고, 예비교사들을 위한 협력적인 학습 기회를 만들며, 전문적 학습 공동체에 참여하는 수학교사교육자간의 협력적 자기연구를 설계하는데 시사점을 제공할 것이다.