• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.213-235
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to recognize the meanings of plastic language by analyzing the sign of the Graffiti depicted in western modern costumes. And the scope of this study was focused on analysing the costumes from 1980's when the Graffiti was recognized as one of the plastic arts. Graffiti was an unprofessional and covert desire of self-expression, having a close relation with our lives. It was used in diverse ways with repeating creation, development, and extinction, from expressing liveliness in Old Stone Age through describing symbolic meaning in the modern art. Graffiti means rude, humorous, or political writing and pictures on the walls of buildings. It's different from the delicate letters or pictures to inscript on the tree or rocks. Being introduced as part of Post-modernism in the 1970s, Graffiti was acknowledged as a new artistic action with the culture of hip-hop. In addition the Graffiti, the expression of sign was reflected artist's internal consciousness with boundless sign. The sign is something to transmit message from the nonverbal point of view, the oldest sign was the sign for petition or the expression of something as a primitive form. Sign can be defined as a framework of life inherited as a practice from the primitive age long past. Graffiti was cited as a concrete example of sign, theme of this paper, and general understanding on sign expression was pursued through free work which all artists present with essential and positive ways using signs, their own languages, and life style. The result of this study was summarized as follows: Since the end of the 20th century, a lot of fashion designers have represented symbolic images, such as letter and signs, as purely personal ways of expression through the western costumes. It was found that fashion designers of the Graffiti whose free work style from inherent inner consciousness might provide a basic framework to search for complex signs of modem costumes naturally understood life itself as plastic art, and sublimated human inherent desire and their inner world through their works.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.329-339
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to consider of meaning in life based on Frankl's theory and to propose of hospice nursing according to conceptual framework of meaning in life. The conceptual framework of meaning in life is composed of 4 phases. According to the first phase, acceptance & awareness of self and life, hospice nurse should helps dying patient to accept limitedness of human existence and death. and according to the second phase, actualization of creative value, hospice nurse can helps dying patient to discover meaning in life through doing a deed for last time before his death. According to the third phase, actualization of experiential value, hospice nurse can helps them to discovery of meaning by experiencing of love through meetings with other people, nature, and god. According to the forth phase, actualization of attitudinal value, hospice nurse can helps them to discovery of meaning by realizing meaning in suffering and death through exercising of the inner freedom to choose bravery and acceptance in the face of death and misfortune. As mentioned above, the Frankl's theory accords with the core of hospice nursing that helps people to accomplish human essence in suffering and death. therefore we accepted Frankl's point of view, asserted that one of the most important roles of a hospice nurse as a supporter and sustainer for dying patients is to help patients to find meaning in life even in the course of death. To achieve the goal, hospice nurses should try to have a firm faith through philosophical introspection about life, death, human existence and meaning in life what the most important goal of life is to discover meaning in life and human have the duty and responsibility of recognizing and pursuing meaning up to the last moment of life.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.22-31
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate nursing students' awareness of nursing and future career according to school years and gender. Method: Data was collected using a self-report questionnaire from October to December, 2007. Participants were 279 second year and 250 fourth year nursing students from 6 universities located in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheong-do, Gangwon-do, Jeonla-do, and Gyeongsang-do. Result: 1) The senior showed higher scores in 'a job with plenty of spare time', and 'good possibilities to be promoted' than the sophomore. Otherwise the senior students showed lower score in 'possibilities for part-time working' than the sophomore. 2) The senior showed higher scores in 'cooperative relationship', 'physical health', and 'contribution to nursing' than the sophomore. But in 'nursing skill', the senior showed lower score than the sophomore. 3) There were significant differences in wanting department, wanting graduate school, and major obstacles for the longer working between the sophomore and senior. 4) Male students were lower academic performance than female. 5) There were significant differences 'a job with social reputation', and 'contribution to nursing' by gender. Conclusion: These results suggest it's important that nursing educators make nursing students improve their job professionalism and guide nursing students' future career in view of students' gender and school year.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.843-850
• /
• 2002

Linear transformation theory has been effectively used in the design and analysis of prestressed concrete structures. The underlying assumptions of the theory, which were often overlooked, are investigated in the respect of equivalent load method. As a result, it is found that the same equivalent loading system is produced for all the cases of the linear transformation by the assumptions of the conventional equivalent load method. On the other hand, equivalent loading systems in a strict and accurate sense do not satisfy the classical theories of the linear transformation. Also, it is shown that a little different equivalent loading system from the conventional one is obtained for each linear transformation according to the proposed equivalent load method that is derived from the self-equilibrium property of the tendon-induced forces. Therefore, it can be concluded that the linear transformation theory is valid only when referring to the conventional approximate equivalent load method. The discussions are further extended to the eccentrically located circumferential tendon in the wall of containment structures, where the problem of eccentricity is analyzed also from the view point of the linear transformation.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.11
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2020

This paper proposes a better shielding method to over sampling technique. The new method uses aluminum foil for RF shielding. As a result of the phantom test, when the over-sampling technique was applied, the aliasing artifact was reduced by about 94% compared to before the application, and the case where the aluminum shielding band was applied was also reduced by about 92% compared to before application. In addition, the scan time also increased by more than 3 times in the case of the over-sampling technique, while it was found that there was no change from before the application of the aluminum shielding band Therefore, it was confirmed that the shielding band using aluminum foil can effectively remove aliasing artifacts without increasing the scan time..

• Journal of Korea Game Society
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.63-72
• /
• 2015

Avatars are a visual representation of users in a virtual world such as an MMORPG. These avatars are often seen as representations or idealizations of the user's actual self. However, this view does not account for the prevalence of two behaviors: multiple avatars and 'gender swapping'. An exercise and questionnaire were created to study avatar customization practices across players outside the context of any particular game to understand better user motivations in creating their virtual selves. A preliminary trial of the exercise showed little correlation between age or gender and gender swapping. While those of non-traditional sexuality were more likely to gender swap, half of traditional sexuality also swapped. Finally, the personality trait, Openness to Experience, showed promising correlation with gender swapping.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.147-166
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this research was conducted to formative processes and to interpret premarital adult's sexuality meaning. The interviews have been executed based upon ethnography approach and method of interview in depth within the framework of the Weis's sexual script theory (1998) and parent-children relation. The interview in depth has been conducted with unmarried 7 males and 8 females inclusive of college students, total 15 persons who were born 1974-1980 and living in Seoul and nearby suburban areas. A period of interviews were carried out from September until December 2003. Each interview was executed for 2 to 4 hours apiece, and each person had 2 to 4 interviews during the period. The result of analysis of the sexuality scripts theory from three different views indicates that the female informants appeared to rationalize the fact that traditional concept of the chastity as defined by the socio-cultural level has been changed. It also indicated that there were very few sex educations in the society at large except for the public medias including the Internet. The interrelation level indicates that positive interaction with the opposite sex has affected them in the course of their building up desirable personal relationship in the society and uplifting their sense of self-esteem. The internal level of sexuality, it is much dependent on the extent of individual inner recognition of sexuality. The parent-children relation view of sexuality, the most influential factor for their communication on sexuality lies in the extent of their realization on how positively their parents recognize their children.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
• /
• v.36C no.12
• /
• pp.47-58
• /
• 1999

As the performance of processors improves, cache memories are used to overcome the difference of speed between processors and main memories. Generally cache memories are embedded and small sizes, fault coverage is a more important factor than test time in testing point of view. A new test algorithm and a new BIST architecture are developed to detect various fault models with a relatively small overhead. The new concurrent BIST architecture uses the comparator of cache management blocks as response analyzers for tag memories. A modified scan-chain is used for pre-testing of comparators which can reduce test clock cycles. In addition several boundary scan instructions are provided to control the internal test circuitries. The results show that the new algorithm can detect SAFs, AFs, TFs linked with CFs, CFins, CFids, SCFs, CFdyns and DRFs models with O(12N), where N is the memory size and the new BIST architecture has lower overhead than traditional architecture by about 11%.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.394-407
• /
• 2011

Better understanding of the complex factors leading to human diseases will be necessary for both long term prevention and for managing short and long-term health problems. The underlying causes, leading to a global health crisis in both acute and chronic diseases, include finite global health care resources for sustained healthy human survival, the population explosion, increased environmental pollution, decreased clean air, water, food distribution, diminishing opportunities for human self-esteem, increased median life span, and the interconnection of infectious and chronic diseases. The transition of our pre-human nutritional requirements for survival to our current culturally-shaped diet has created a biologically-mismatched human dietary experience. While individual genetic, gender, and developmental stage factors contribute to human diseases, various environmental and culturally-determined factors are now contributing to both acute and chronic diseases. The transition from the hunter-gatherer to an agricultural-dependent human being has brought about a global crisis in human health. Initially, early humans ate seasonally-dependent and calorically-restricted foods, during the day, in a "feast or famine" manner. Today, modern humans eat diets of caloric abundance, at all times of the day, with foods of all seasons and from all parts of the world, that have been processed and which have been contaminated by all kinds of factors. No longer can one view, as distinct, infectious agent-related human acute diseases from chronic diseases. Moreover, while dietary and environmental chemicals could, in principle, cause disease pathogenesis by mutagenic and cytotoxic mechanisms, the primary cause is via "epigenetic", or altered gene expression, modifications in the three types of cells (e.g., adult stem; progenitor and terminally-differentiated cells of each organ) during all stages of human development. Even more significantly, alteration in the quantity of adult stem cells during early development by epigenetic chemicals could either increase or decrease the risk to various stem cell-based diseases, such as cancer, later in life. A new concept, the Barker hypothesis, has emerged that indicates pre-natal maternal dietary exposures can now affect diseases later in life. Examples from the studies of the atomic bomb survivors should illustrate this insight.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.65 no.2
• /
• pp.287-311
• /
• 2013

This study has been planned to examine the three faces as follows; 1) systematization of research materials on the farmer's welfare served in the period of Japanese Imperialism, and 2) a social historical analyzation of the farmer's welfare in the context of politics, economy, social lives, and culture. The collected data focused on the primary resources has been organized such as seven categories: 1) public aid; 2) social insurance; 3) social welfare service; 4) farmer's welfare movement; 5) farm's social work; 6) mutual dependence; and 7) the others. The organized data has been analyzed in view of social history such as important themes: 1) being targeted in the confused society; 2) conspirative almsgiving; 3) being benefited from monopolistic capitalism and discrimination; 4) alienators' resistant self-help efforts; 5) reforming of civilized lives; 6) religious blessings within structural double torture; and 7) farmer's partial progress of lives. Finally, some various implications are suggested based on the analyzed results.