• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.61 no.1
• /
• pp.68-73
• /
• 2023

Smoke masks have attracted great interests and have been supplied widely for the improvement of the safety during fire evacuation. However, there is not sufficient research on the practical utility, certification status and easy-donning about commercial smoke masks, therefore it is difficult to determine the actual usefulness of the smoke masks. In this study, we conducted a survey on users' perceptions and experiences about the smoke masks, and investigated the status of certification of 54 commercial smoke masks. We also performed donning tests and examined degrees of discomfort for 4 types of the smoke masks. Although 22% of 235 respondents had experienced the smoke masks before the test, and 23% of the respondents did not know the smoke masks, 93% of the respondents expected that the smoke masks could protect users from fire smokes and toxic gases. It was found that 41% of the commercial smoke masks did not certify according to domestic or overseas performance standards. Most certification standards have not effectively regulated maximum wearing time for the smoke masks. Only ASTM E 2952 and KFIS 024 had specific standards for the maximum wearing time of 30 s. As a result of donning tests for 4 types of smoke masks, the wearing time of the hood-type mask and self-contained smoke mask exceeded 30 s, therefore these types of smoke masks might increase the required safe evacuation time. On the other hand, it was also found that short education about the donning could reduce the wearing time by 19% and numbers of improper wearing by 89%.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.525-531
• /
• 2023

In Korea, which is entering a super-aged society, the number of elderly patients who have difficulty walking independently is expected to increase rapidly, and it is necessary to develop wheelchair products with various functions to improve the quality of life of people with walking disabilities. Recently, wheelchair power assist devices that provide propulsion power by being attached to a manual wheelchair has been developed and is entering the domestic and global markets. In this study, we compared and analyzed the process of obtaining medical device certification for wheelchair power assist devices in Korea, the United States, and Europe. In Korea, a Class 2 medical device certification process was developed in 2021, and in the US FDA, it corresponds to Class 2 like the existing electric wheelchair and must pass the 510k certification process. In the case of Europe, it is uniquely regulated as Class I, and the CE mark can be attached through a relatively easy self-declaration of conformity. The Korean medical device industry, which is struggling with MDR certification, a new European medical device regulation, should pay attention to the relatively easy entry into the global market for wheelchair power assist products.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.293-303
• /
• 2017

FIDO(Fast IDentity Online) technology is expanding very rapidly which can replace traditional password-based authentication with biometrics technology[1,7]. FIDO provides convenient authentication with biometrics technology and secure key management with smart card technology, but it does not provide user identification, thus traditional user identification technology should be used before a FIDO device is registered to a FIDO server. K-FIDO[3] is an approach to implement FIDO and certificate-based authentication technology into a single device that user can utilize certificate-based authentication in initial registration of FIDO device to FIDO server. It is expected that very shortly users will own and use multiple K-FIDO devices. If we consider the traditional approach of copying single certificate to multiple devices or issuing independent certificate to each device, there will be many complex problems. In this paper we propose more secure and convenient key management technology in multiple K-FIDO device scenario using self-extended certification[4].

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.637-642
• /
• 2022

Self-authentication technology using electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is drawing attention as a self-authentication technology that can replace existing bio-authentication. A device that recognizes a digital electronic key can be mounted on a vehicle to wirelessly exchange data with a car, and a function that can lock or unlock a car door or start a car by using a smartphone can be controlled through a smartphone. However, smart keys are vulnerable to security, so smart keys applied with bio-authentication technology were studied to solve this problem and provide driver convenience. A personal authentication algorithm using electrocardiogram was mounted on a watch-type wearable device to authenticate bio, and when personal authentication was completed, it could function as a smart key of a car. The certification rate was 95 per cent achieved. Drivers do not need to have a smart key, and they propose a smart key as an alternative that can safely protect it from loss and hacking. Smart keys using personal authentication technology using electrocardiogram can be applied to various fields through personal authentication and will study methods that can be applied to identification devices using electrocardiogram in the future.

• Food Science and Industry
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.62-72
• /
• 2021

It is necessary to improve the self-management ability of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) certified companies and intensive management for companies with insufficient management. In addition, the efficiency and convenience of HACCP operation should be improved by expanding and distributing smart HACCP. In this way, it is the direction that HACCP in Korea should go forward to continuously discover and expand the field of application with the improving and smartening the HACCP system.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.97-111
• /
• 2021

Purpose: It is expected that various infrastructures diagnosis equipment will be needed as infrastructures management is strengthened to implement the Framework Act on Sustainable Infrastructure Management. It is necessary for a certification system to supply certified products of a reasonable level in accordance with market requirements for various convergence equipment. This paper deals with the introduction of certification system of inspection and diagnosis equipment for infrastructure using advanced technologies. Method: The basic elements, systems and procedures of certification system were reviewed through analyzing and comparing the existing similar certification system in Korea. In addition, a survey was conducted on a catalog method and the minimum performance criterion (sampling survey and complete enumeration survey) to equipment developers (manufacturers), clients and equipment users. Result: This survey showed that clients preferred complete enumeration method on the basis of minimum performance, and equipment users also preferred complete enumeration survey and sample survey, for minimum performance, at a similar rate. On the other hand, equipment developers preferred the catalog method. Conclusion: Clients and users who are the users of the diagnostic equipment preferred the minimum performance criterion because their trust in quality is important. On the other hand, developers(manufacturers) preferred the catalog method which adopts self certification because it is regulated in developing various products. There is no specific plan for the minimum performance standards required for the introduction of the method which users demand, at present. In addition, it is not desirable to force to introduce a certification system because it requires a considerable period of study to prepare the specific standards. Therefore, it is appropriate to operate the system for a certain period of time centering around the catalog method for the stable and continuous development of the infrastructure diagnosis and test equipment market in Korea. Also, it is effective to expand and develop the certification system to the extent that it minimizes the impact on the market when specific plans for the standards are prepared in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.108-114
• /
• 2017

According to an increase in demand for polyurethane soft foam for thermally insulated containers, the purpose of this study is based on redefining existing rigid polyurethane foam insulation KS standard which has been limited to building material-based authentication techniques. Since there are arising concerns of consumer rights and safety due to humidifier fungicides and urethane track incidents, there are elements to be further researched on rigid polyurethane foam insulation for refregerated containers. Thus, we reviewed the prior standards for rigid polyurethane foam insulation and verified the validity of certification testing method for the new standard with self-foamed polyurethane.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2018

In this study, It is utilized 103 management panic data about social enterprises in Chungnam area (Chungnam, Daejeon, Sejong) region from 2011 to 2017. The organizational characteristics (organizational type, type of certification, company's region, external grants, paid employees) were set as independent variables with economic performance (sales) and social performance (employment of vulnerable class) as dependent variables. We analyzed the factors affecting the economic and social performance of social enterprises and confirmed the correlation between economic and social performance. The results of this study are as follows: First, the organizational characteristics of social enterprises showed a significant difference in sales as economic performance. External grants have no positive effect on the economic performance (sales) of social enterprises, while paid workers have a positive (+) influence on the economic performance. Second, the organizational characteristics of social enterprises showed significant differences in employment of the vulnerable class, which is social performance. Only the paid workers had a statistically significant relationship with the social performance of the social enterprise. Third, the correlation between economic performance (sales) and social performance (employment of the vulnerable class), which is the result of social enterprise, is shown. This can enhance a social enterprises' sustainable growth and self-sufficiency by improving the employment of vulnerable people, the economic performance of a social enterprise, which is sales and social performance, and ultimately can manifest the value and purpose of the social enterprise.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.28 no.8
• /
• pp.32-39
• /
• 2014

In general, non-directional LED lamps including high transmittance cover are more advantageous than directional LED lamps, which are efficient enough to improve luminous efficacy and obtain certification, allowing wide manufacture, sale, and distribution. Although KS C 7651(Self-ballasted LED lamps-Safety and performance requirements) was revised in July 2013, however, many companies are having a lot of difficulties in keeping the certification and product development for the lack of the photometric analysis for non-directional LED lamps. In this paper, through the measurement of the angular distribution of luminous flux of incandescent lamp and non-directional LED lamps, we examined the reasonability of non-directional LED lamps' standards as suggested in KS C 7651. According to the results, even if non-directional LED lamps satisfy KS C 7651, when compared to an incandescent lamp, they showed less diffusive than the incandescent lamp and the distribution of the luminous flux depending on the angle fluctuated greatly even among LED lamps. Judging by the result, the current standard of the non-directional LED lamps, KS C 7651, has been comprehended that the angular distribution of the luminous flux needs to be presented after being much more thoroughly standardized.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.405-427
• /
• 2010

This legal study is to compare the Electronic Transactions Act in Thailand(hereinafter 'ETA') with mainly other countries electronic transactions acts, such as UNCITRAL MLEC, UECIC, VETA, UCITA and Korea' Electronic Transactions Act The ETA is consisted of 6 chapters which included preamble and definitions. Each chapter's main point as follows. Preamble is related to the name, time of legal effect, scope and definitions. Chapter 1 is not only general principles of electronic transactions, required restriction in addition to specify the limit of application, documentation, evidential weight in reference to the data message, but also the conditions of offer and acceptance through data message, time and place of dispatch and receipt of data message, certification between origination and addressee. According to media-neutrality and the effectiveness security requirement of data message under the information system, legal certification is related to the exchange's declaration of intention, define about origination-addressee of data message. Chapter 2 is composed to provide expressly about the effectiveness security in electronic signature. Those contents are to compare the MLEC, UECIC and Electronic Transactions Act in Korea. Chapter 3 is related to legal definitions that present legal requirement about service relating electronic transaction which contents accept domestic law, the adequate requirement as eligibility, satisfied matter, self-reliance ratio of finance and other detail standard Chapter 4 is deal with the transaction which are public sector and those application requirements. And also this chapter are composed regulations about direct-indirect purpose of Thailand domestic electronic government.