• Animal cells and systems
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.235-245
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• 2009

Embryonic stem (ES) cells have a capability to generate all types of cells. However, the mechanism by which ES cells differentiate into specific cell is still unclear. Using microarray technology, the differentiation process in mouse embryonic stem cells was characterized by temporal gene expression changes of mouse ES cells during differentiation in a monolayer culture. A large number of genes were differentially regulated from 1 day to 14 days, and less number of genes were differentially expressed from 14 days to 28 days. The number of up-regulated genes was linearly increased throughout the 28 days of in vitro differentiation, while the number of down-regulated genes reached the plateau from 14 days to 28 days. Most differentially expressed genes were functionally classified into transcriptional regulation, development, extra cellular matrix (ECM),cytoskeleton organization, cytokines, receptors, RNA processing, DNA replication, chromatin assembly, proliferation and apoptosis related genes. While genes encoding ECM proteins were up-regulated, most of the genes related to proliferation, chromatin assembly, DNA replication, RNA processing, and cytoskeleton organization were down-regulated at 14 days. Genes known to be associated with embryo development or transcriptional regulation were differentially expressed mostly after 14 days of differentiation. These results indicate that the altered expression of ECM genes constitute an early event during the spontaneous differentiation, followed by the inhibition of proliferation and lineage specification. Our study might identify useful time-points for applying selective treatments for directed differentiation of mouse ES cells.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.61-64
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• 2006

Glufosinate ammonium (GLA), a phosphinic acid derivate of glutamate, is a broad-spectrum contact herbicide. It structurally resembles glutamate, a typical excitatory amino acid in the central nervous system. In korea, the ingestion of GLA for suicidal attempt or accidental event has increased. The neurological complication of GLA intoxication are characterized by loss of consciousness, convulsion, or memory impairment. But, the exact mechanism of GLA toxicity is yet unknown. This report is about a patient with GLA intoxication who showed anterograde amnesia with selective bilateral hip-pocampal lesions supported GLA intoxication with literature reviews supported.

• 공업화학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.149-159
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• 1994

금속의 용매 추출에 amidoxime의 추출제로서의 특성을 검토하기 위하여 benzamidoxime 및 phenylacetamidoxime에 의한 금속 추출평형 및 추출속도에 관한 실험 및 이론적 고찰을 하였다 Cu, Pb, Zn 및 Cd 등 단독 금속계와 혼합 금속계에 대한 amidoxime-클로로포름에 의한 추출에서 추출비와 수소이온 농도 및 추출제 농도간의 상관관계로부터 추출기구와 추출성을 검토하고, 수상측 경막 내 확산 방정식으로부터 도출된 이론적 속도식과 실험적 속도식을 비교함으로써 초기 추출 속도식은 $R_o=k{\overline{C}}_{HRO}(C_{Mo}/C_{Ho})^{1/2}$로 표시할 수 있었으며, 추출과정의 율속 단계를 고찰하였다. amidoxime에 의한 Cu의 추출 화학종은 ${\overline{CuR_2}}$의 형이었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2020

We analyzed the drift current by charged particles according to the loading methods applied into a closed cell by electronic ink at a reflective-type display panel using an electrophoretic mechanism. For this experiment, various panels were fabricated with injection voltages for electronic ink taking values in the range -4~0 V. The size of each cell was 220 ㎛ × 220 ㎛ and height of the barrier rib was 54.28 ㎛. The electronic ink was fabricated by mixing electrically neutral fluid and single-charge white particles. Drift current was measured by moving charged particles. A biasing voltage of 6 V was applied to the display panel. As a result, the drift current was proportional to the injection voltage for electronic ink, but it decreased in case of an injection voltage above -3 V. Our experimentation ascertained that the concentration of charged particles injected into closed cells is controlled by the injection voltage and the selective injection of charged particles above movable q/m is possible.

• BMB Reports
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• 제49권10호
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• pp.529-535
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• 2016

The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by a variety of external or host-derived stimuli and its activation initiates an inflammatory response through caspase-1 activation, resulting in inflammatory cytokine IL-1β maturation and secretion. The NLRP3 inflammasome activation is a kind of innate immune response, most likely mediated by myeloid cells acting as a host defense mechanism. However, if this activation is not properly regulated, excessive inflammation induced by overactivated NLRP3 inflammasome can be detrimental to the host, causing tissue damage and organ dysfunction, eventually causing several diseases. Previous studies have suggested that mitochondrial damage may be a cause of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and autophagy, which is a conserved self-degradation process that negatively regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Recently, mitochondria-selective autophagy, termed mitophagy, has emerged as a central player for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis through the elimination of damaged mitochondria, leading to the prevention of hyperinflammation triggered by NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In this review, we will first focus on the molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases. We will then discuss autophagy, especially mitophagy, as a negative regulator of NLPP3 inflammasome activation by examining recent advances in research.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2379-2383
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• 2012

Objective: To investigate possible signal pathway involvement in multi-drug resistant P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression induced by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line stimulated with pacliaxel (TAX). Methods: The effects of TAX on SGC7901 cell growth with different doses was assessed by MTT assay, along with the effects of the COX-2 selective inhibitor NS-398 and the nuclear factor-KB (NF-KB) pathway inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). Influence on COX-2, NF-KB p65 and P-gp expression was determined by Western blotting. Results: TAX, NS-398 and PDTC all reduced SGC7901 growth, with dosedependence. With increasing dose of TAX, the expression of COX-2, p65 and P-gp showed rising trends, this being reversed by NS-398. PDTC also caused decrease in expression of p65 and P-gp over time. Conclusion: COX-2 may induce the expression of P-gp in SGC7901 cell line via the NF-kappa B pathway with pacliaxel stimulation.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.686-698
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• 2005

In this study, simultaneous mordanting method of dyeing in the Caesalpinia sappan dye liquor mixed with the rice straw ash solution was employed. The dyeing effects were compared and reviewed according to the changes of dyeing mechanisms of pre-mordanting and simultaneous mordanting using ash solutions. By the direct addition of the ash solution, the pH of the liquor was abruptly changed. In the case of maintaining the pH value of the ash solution at about 7 or 8, compared to the pre-mordanting, $a^{*}$ values increased and $b^{*}$ values decreased. As a result, it is highly desirable in terms of selective emphasis on the reddish hue. The color development, differentiated from that obtainable by the dyeing of chitosan pre-treated fabric, was obtained due to the effect of the water soluble chitosan component on the dyeing mechanism.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.208-214
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• 2006

가상환경에 참여하는 참여자들의 하드웨어와 네트워크 성능은 매우 다를 수 있으므로 다양한 환경 하에 있는 참여자들에게 동일한 대우를 하는 공정성과 적절한 응답성의 보장과 이를 위한 동기화는 반드시 해결되어야 할 과제이다. 동기화를 위하여 메시지를 받은 즉시 처리하지 않고 일정한 대기시간이 지난 후 처리하는 방법을 사용할 수 있다. 대기시간이 길어질수록 공정성은 좋아지나 응답성이 떨어지므로 적절한 대기시간을 결정하는 것은 쉬운 문제가 아니다. 본 논문에서는 참여자들의 네트워크 지연시간 중 일정 비율을 제외한 나머지만을 고려하여 대기시간을 결정하는 방법을 제안하고 이 방법의 효용성을 검증했다. 이를 위해 가상환경을 구축하고 메시지를 생성하여 모의실험을 하였다. 실험에서는 본 논문에서 제안한 방범이 대부분의 경우에 좋은 결과를 보여 네트워크로 연결된 가상환경에서 메시지를 동기화 하는데 효과적인 방법임을 입증하였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제49권9호
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• pp.457-458
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• 2016

Recent studies have strongly implicated postsynaptic scaffolding proteins such as SAPAP3 or Shank3 in the pathogenesis of various mood disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder (BD), and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Neural Abelson-related gene-binding protein 2 (nArgBP2) was originally identified as a protein that interacts with SAPAP3 and Shank3. Recent study shows that the genetic deletion of nArgBP2 in mice leads to manic/bipolar-like behavior resembling symptoms of BD. However, the function of nArgBP2 at synapse, or its connection with the synaptic dysfunctions, is completely unknown. This study provides compelling evidence that nArgBP2 regulates the spine morphogenesis through the activation of Rac1/WAVE/PAK/cofilin pathway, and that its ablation causes a robust and selective inhibition of excitatory synapse formation, by controlling actin dynamics. Our results revealed the underlying mechanism for the synaptic dysfunction caused by nArgBP2 downregulation that associates with analogous human BD. Moreover, since nArgBP2 interacts with key proteins involved in various neuropsychiatric disorders, our finding implies that nArgBP2 could function as a hub linking various etiological factors of different mood disorders.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1994년도 춘계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.55-56
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• 1994

There has been many attempts to improve the membrane performance using pervaporation processes[l-3]. They are 1) blending polymer with the high flux and one with high selectivity, 2) an incorporation of functional groups interacting with permeants into a membrane through copolymerization or modification, 3) composite membrane or asymmetric membrane structure with a thin skin layer which acts as a selective layer. Among them, a polymeric membrane containing ion complex group receives an extensive attention recently because ionic complex is known to activate the water transport through ion-dipole interaction. It is especially advantageous in the separation of organic-water system. We applied the ideas of the activation of water transport through ion-dipole. We have reported on the in-sire complex membrane to separate water from aqueous aceiic acid and pyridme solution[4-5] based on the simple acid-base theory. Water transport was enhanced through in-situ complex between pyridine moiety in the membrane and the incoming acetic acid in the feed. In this case, catalytic transport mechanism was proposed. In the present study we used pyridine solution as a feed and the sulfonic acid group in the membrane.