• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2015

Objectives We have attempted to provide the basis of treatment effects by considering foreign & domestic randomized controlled trials (RCTs), being implemented with catgut-embedding therapy for lumbar disc herniation. Methods We found the literatures prepared in Korean, English, and Chinese by December 2014 in electronic databases (Pubmed, Science Direct, Proquest, OASIS, KMbase, NDSL, RISS, National Assembly Library). We choosed RCTs by selection criteria through abstracts & articles, extracted and analyzed data. Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool was used & implemented for the risk of bias. Results The total of 17 studies were included in the review. 88.2% of studies were accomplished within the last decade. The experimental group has shown more significant effects in 70.6% of studies, and the long-term & partial significant results were obtained in 29.4% of studies. Affected lumbar area and pelvic limb area with radiating pain were mostly selected for acupoint. Conclusions Overall and partial significant results were obtained from 17 foreign & domestic comparative RCTs which substantiates the treatment effects of catgut-embedding therapy for lumbar disc herniation. Since all studies, however, were exposed to the risk of bias, so future research of higher quality shall be necessary.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this review was to systematically analyze the available literature on the correlation between the gray values (GVs) of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the Hounsfield units (HUs) of computed tomography (CT) for assessing bone mineral density. Materials and Methods: A literature search was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus, and LILACS for studies published through September 2021. In vitro, in vivo, and animal studies that analyzed the correlations GVs of CBCT and HUs of CT were included in this review. The review was prepared according to the PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. A quantitative analysis was performed using a fixed-effects model. Results: The literature search identified a total of 5,955 studies, of which 14 studies were included for the qualitative analysis and 2 studies for the quantitative analysis. A positive correlation was observed between the GVs of CBCT and HUs of CT. Out of the 14 studies, 100% had low risks of bias for the domains of patient selection, index test, and reference standards, while 95% of studies had a low risk of bias for the domain of flow and timing. The fixed-effects meta-analysis performed for Pearson correlation coefficients between CBCT and CT showed a moderate positive correlation (r=0.669; 95% CI, 0.388 to 0.836; P<0.05). Conclusion: The available evidence showed a positive correlation between the GVs of CBCT and HUs of CT.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2022

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of manual therapy for knee meniscus injuries. Methods We searched seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CAJ, Wanfang, RISS, ScienceON, and OASIS) to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using the keywords "manual therapy OR chuna OR tuina" and "meniscus injury." Results Eleven RCTs were selected based on the inclusion criteria, and all studies were conducted in China. Five studies were meta-analyzed. The systematic review revealed a positive effect of manual therapy for knee meniscus injury. Low risk of selection, attrition, and reporting bias were demonstrated in all studies. Ten studies had a high risk of performance bias. Conclusions The systematic review reported favorable results using manual therapy for knee meniscus injury. However, this study has several limitations because of the high risk of bias. Further clinical studies and reviews with higher levels of evidence are warranted.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.589-594
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• 2013

Background: Prospective cohort studies to determine cofactors with oncogenic HPV-infections for cervical cancer are very rare from developing countries and such data are limited to the few screening trials. Large screening trials provide such data as a by product. Some of the cases are prevented by screening and do not surface as invasive cancers at all. Also, pre-invasive lesions are detected almost entirely by screening. Screening causes selection bias if attendance in or effectiveness of screening is correlated with the risk factors. The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of screening on risk factors for cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: Our material stems from a rural cohort of 80,000 women subjected to a randomised screening trial. The effect of screening on the incidence of cervix cancer was estimated with reference to socio-demographic and reproductive risk factors of cervical cancer. We compared these risks with the incidence of cancer in the randomised control population by the same determinants of risk. Results: The results in the screening arm compared to the control arm showed that the women of low SES and young age were benefitting more than those of high SES and old age. The relative risk by age (30-39 vs 50-59) was 0.33 in the control arm and 0.24 in the screening arm. The relative risk by education (not educated vs educated) was 2.8 in the control arm and 1.8 in the screening arm. The previously married women did not benefit (incidence 113 and 115 per 100,000 women years in control vs screening arms) whereas the effect was substantial in those married (86 vs 54). Conclusions: The results in controls were consistent with the general evidence, but results in attenders and nonattenders of the screening arm showed that screening itself and self-selection in attendance and effectiveness can influence the effect estimates of risk factors. The effect of cervical cancer screening programmes on the estimates of incidence of cervical cancer causes bias in the studies on etiology and, therefore, they should be interpreted with caution.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.913-921
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• 2019

Objective: The objectives of this study were to compare identified informative regions through two genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches and determine the accuracy and bias of the direct genomic value (DGV) for milk production traits in Korean Holstein cattle, using two genomic prediction approaches: single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ss-GBLUP) and Bayesian Bayes-B. Methods: Records on production traits such as adjusted 305-day milk (MY305), fat (FY305), and protein (PY305) yields were collected from 265,271 first parity cows. After quality control, 50,765 single-nucleotide polymorphic genotypes were available for analysis. In GWAS for ss-GBLUP (ssGWAS) and Bayes-B (BayesGWAS), the proportion of genetic variance for each 1-Mb genomic window was calculated and used to identify informative genomic regions. Accuracy of the DGV was estimated by a five-fold cross-validation with random clustering. As a measure of accuracy for DGV, we also assessed the correlation between DGV and deregressed-estimated breeding value (DEBV). The bias of DGV for each method was obtained by determining regression coefficients. Results: A total of nine and five significant windows (1 Mb) were identified for MY305 using ssGWAS and BayesGWAS, respectively. Using ssGWAS and BayesGWAS, we also detected multiple significant regions for FY305 (12 and 7) and PY305 (14 and 2), respectively. Both single-step DGV and Bayes DGV also showed somewhat moderate accuracy ranges for MY305 (0.32 to 0.34), FY305 (0.37 to 0.39), and PY305 (0.35 to 0.36) traits, respectively. The mean biases of DGVs determined using the single-step and Bayesian methods were $1.50{\pm}0.21$ and $1.18{\pm}0.26$ for MY305, $1.75{\pm}0.33$ and $1.14{\pm}0.20$ for FY305, and $1.59{\pm}0.20$ and $1.14{\pm}0.15$ for PY305, respectively. Conclusion: From the bias perspective, we believe that genomic selection based on the application of Bayesian approaches would be more suitable than application of ss-GBLUP in Korean Holstein populations.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2018

In this study, we evaluated the uncertainty in the process of selecting GCM and downscaling method for assessing the impact of climate change, and influence of user-centered climate change information on reproducibility of Chungju Dam inflow was analyzed. First, we selected the top 16 GCMs through the evaluation of spatio-temporal reproducibility of 29 raw GCMs using 30-year average of 10-day precipitation without any bias-correction. The climate extreme indices including annual total precipitation and annual maximum 1-day precipitation were selected as the relevant indices to the dam inflow. The Simple Quantile Mapping (SQM) downscaling method was selected through the evaluation of reproducibility of selected indices and spatial correlation among weather stations. SWAT simulation results for the past 30 years period by considering limitations in weather input showed the satisfactory results with monthly model efficiency of 0.92. The error in average dam inflow according to selection of GCMs and downscaling method showed the bests result when 16 GCMs selected raw GCM analysi were used. It was found that selection of downscaling method rather than selection of GCM is more is important in overall uncertainties. The average inflow for the future period increased in all RCP scenarios as time goes on from near-future to far-future periods. Also, it was predicted that the inflow volume will be higher in the RCP 8.5 scenario than in the RCP 4.5 scenario in all future periods. Maximum daily inflow, which is important for flood control, showed a high changing rate more than twice as much as the average inflow amount. It is also important to understand the seasonal fluctuation of the inflow for the dam management purpose. Both average inflow and maximum inflow showed a tendency to increase mainly in July and August during near-future period while average and maximum inflows increased through the whole period of months in both mid-future and far-future periods.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.337-347
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 미래 기후예측을 위하여 활용되는 전지구모형(general circulation model, GCM) 중 우리나라에 적합한 대표 GCM을 선정하는 방법을 제시하였다. 이에 격자 기반 GCM 결과를 IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted) 방법을 사용하여 기상 관측소로 지점 규모로 상세화를 하여 관측강수와 비교하였다. GCM과 관측자료 사이의 편이를 보정하기 위하여 6가지 Quantile Mapping 방법과 Random Forest 기법을 사용하였고, 성능 지표를 비교하여 대표 편이보정방법을 선정하였다. 편이보정된 GCM 모의 결과에 대한 성능을 계산하고 다기준의사결정기법 중 하나인 TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) 방법을 이용하여 가장 우수한 GCM을 선정하였다. 그 결과 편이보정방법을 NPT (Non-Parametric Transformation) 방법 중 EQ (Empirical Quantile) 방법이 선정되었고, TOPSIS 성능 평가 결과, GISS-E2-R이 가장 우수하였다. 그 다음으로 우수한 GCM을 순서대로 제시하면 MIROC5, CSIRO-Mk3-6-0, CCSM4 이었다. 향후 더 많은 GCM 자료를 이용한다면 보다 보편적인 결과를 도출할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.513-521
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• 2010

대부분의 대학들은 교수업적평가를 위해 강의평가제도를 실시하고 있다. 그러나 강의평가의 결과는 강좌규모, 강의형태, 개설학년, 이수구분, 평균평점 등과 같은 개설강좌의 특성에 많은 영향을 받게 된다. 따라서 이러한 각 강좌특성들이 강의평가 결과에 영향을 미치는 효과를 제거하지 않는다면, 담당교수가 강의평가 결과에 대한 공정성과 객관성을 신뢰할 수 없게 만들 정도로 심각한 편의를 갖게 된다. 따라서 강의평가의 공정성을 위해 강좌특성에 따른 편의를 제거하기 위한 사후조정된 점수가 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 단계적 변수선택법에 의한 회귀분석을 이용하여 강의평가 결과에 대한 균등화 방법을 이용하여 사후조정된 점수를 계산하는 방법을 제안한다. 그리고 제안된 방법은 기존의 방법과 비교를 하였다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2012

Present study investigates on the impact of resources and characteristics of the tenure choice for divorced women in Korea. The authors utilize the micro data from the Korea Census (2% sample) provided by the National Statistical Office. The authors apply the bivariate probit model to eliminate selection bias that could incur due to sample selectivity, from a chain of marital disruption and tenure choices. This study starts with a descriptive explanation of homeownership after divorce from 1985 to 2005. It concluded that divorce results in a substantial attrition of homeownership. The authors found that out for many women, divorce initiates a process of downward mobility on the housing ladder. The probability to own housing is much lower for divorced women than for women who are not divorced. The present study concludes by suggesting some policy implications for divorced women who have limited access to housing stability. The authors also suggest some future studies that can compensate the empirical limitations of the present study.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37권8B호
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• pp.677-686
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• 2012

In the presence of a high power cellular network, picocells are added to a Macro-cell layout aiming to enhance total system throughput from cell-splitting. While because of the different transmission power between macrocell and picocell, and co-channel interference challenges between the existing macrocell and the new low power node-picocell, these problems result in no substantive improvement to total system effective throughput. Some works have investigated on these problems. Pico Cell Range Expansion (CRE) technique tries to employ some methods (such as adding a bias for Pico cell RSRP) to drive to offload some UEs to camp on picocells. In this work, we propose two solution schemes (including cell selection method, channel allocation and serving process) and combine new adaptive frequency partitioning reuse scheme to improve the total system throughput. In the simulation, we evaluate the performances of heterogeneous networks for downlink transmission in terms of channel utilization per cell (pico and macro), call blocking probability, outage probability and effective throughput. The simulation results show that the call blocking probability and outage probability are reduced remarkably and the throughput is increased effectively.