• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 2023

Mulberry exhibits unique characteristics and functionalities across various components, including the roots, branches, leaves, and fruits. However, despite numerous studies on mulberry, research on this plant at the seedling stage is insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the suitability for seedling cultivation and antioxidant effects of four Korean mulberry cultivars, namely, Daesim, Suhong, Simgang, and Cheongsu. In terms of seed weight, germination rate, and growth rate, Daesim was the most suitable cultivar for seedling production. Polyphenol and flavonoid content analysis showed that all cultivars, except for Cheongsu, showed the highest phenolic content at the 2-week seedling stage. Similarly, antioxidant assays using 2,2'-azino-di-3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals revealed that the antioxidant effect of all cultivars, except for Cheongsu, increased with cultivation at 2- 4- and 6-week. However, mulberry seedlings had a slower reaction rate against DPPH radical removal than mulberry leaves. In addition, ABTS radical scavenging activity showed a different correlation with polyphenol content. This phenomenon may be due to the different polyphenol compositions between mulberry leaves and seedlings. The results of this study suggest that mulberry seedlings exhibit different bioactivities from mulberry leaves, and component analysis is required in further research.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.112 no.3
• /
• pp.280-289
• /
• 2023

Diverse native tree species are distributed in Korean forests; however, information on their regeneration strategies is limited. This study analyzed seed rain from 2011 to 2013, seedling emergence, seedling survival, lifespan distribution, and the relationship between seedling mortality and herbaceous vegetation for 3 years, from 2012 to 2014, to understand the natural regeneration and early survival characteristics of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance in natural broad-leaved forests. Seed rain and emerged seedling density significantly differed among the years (p < .05). An increase in seed rain was followed by an increase in seedling emergence in the following year. Seed rain in 2013 and seedling emergence in 2014 showed a significant correlation (p < .05), confirming the trait of F. rhynchophylla seeds that germinate in the following year after seed production. Seedlings emerged in late spring and early summer. Of the seedlings, 78% emerged in the early summer of 2014. Most seedlings died immediately after emergence. Of the seedlings that emerged in August 2012, 56% died within 2 months, and 38% of those that emerged in July 2014 died within 1 month. Shade and competition against ground vegetation chiefly affected the seedling survival of F. rhynchophylla. Fraxinus rhynchophylla showed mast seeding, with a large number of seed production in a particular year. A surge of seedling emergence followed in the early summer of the next year. However, most seedlings died in the same year of emergence. Fraxinus rhynchophylla has a high seedling mortality, but mast seeding and the resulting high seedling emergence produce a few survived seedlings, enabling the continuation of the F. rhynchophylla population. Efforts and research on the natural regeneration of native tree species are required to effectively manage natural forests in Korea.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2012

Fertilization is essential to seedling production in nursery culture, but excessive fertilization can contaminate surface and ground water around the nursery. The objective of this study was to find optimal fertilization practice of container seedling production for reducing soil and water contamination around the nursery without compromising seedling quality. This study was conducted to investigate chemical properties of the growth medium, growth performance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and chlorophyll contents of larch ($Larix$ $kaempferi$) growing under three different fertilization treatments (Constant rate, Three stage rate, and Exponential rate fertilization). Root collar diameter and height of larch were not significantly different among treatments even though the nutrient supply of the exponential treatment was half that of the constant and three stage treatments. Chemical properties of the growth medium showed the same trends as root collar diameter and height. The total biomass and seedling quality index (SQI) were higher at Constant than at other treatments, but both SQI of Constant and Exponential were not significantly different. Photochemical efficiency and chlorophyll contents were lower at Exponential than at other treatments, but not significantly different among treatments. Therefore, Exponential fertilization which is 50% fertilizer of other treatments would maximize seedling growth and minimize nutrient loss.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.96 no.3
• /
• pp.307-316
• /
• 2007

Yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) has low germination rate relatively other species, so the seedling production of Yellow poplar is a hard task. Accordingly this study was conducted to determine the optimal germination conditions for healthy seedling production and to promote survival rate after afforestation. Gemination percentage was examined at different media and seed covering materials using planting flats in the greenhouse. The best germination percentage was observed in sand for media and compound soil for covering materials. But it was time to transplant, seedlings became a poor character (i.e. height, root length, number of root, dry weight) in sand for media. In order to produce healthy seedlings, each different medium was compounded with TKS-2 (this is a gardening bed soil.) in the ratio 1:1 (v/v.), and compared two conditions. Quality of seedling was better than not mixed TKS-2 into each medium. Transplanting seedlings from greenhouse to nursery grew up rapidly 2 months later (early in August~early in October). Growth amount during two months corresponded to 85.6% and 71.3% in total growth amount of height and diameter at root collar, respectively. In the case of the competition-density effect on yellow-poplar seedlings, direct seedling produced the maximum 35 standard seedlings above 8 mm of root collar diameter per $m^2$, while transplanting seedling produced the maximum 64 standard seedlings per $m^2$. And produced seedlings of two way were significantly different rootlet while axial root and lateral root was not significantly different.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.54 no.3
• /
• pp.265-269
• /
• 2009

Technology development for sufficient dry matter production of Chinese milk vetch (CMV) is most important in CMV-rice cultivation system in order to provide sufficient nutrients to rice plants. However, when the CMV plants are dominated by the weed, especially Alopecurus aequalis, the CMV growth could be reduced due to light and nutrient competition. In addition, A. aequalis is potential host of the rice dwarf virus disease. Therefore, control of A. aequalis is necessary to enhance the biomass production of CMV plants when CMV stands are insufficient. The use of chemical like sethoxydim (20%, ai) showed the highest control rate of 84% at early stage and was reduced as application was delayed. A. aequalis control did not change the CMV seedling stand before and after herbicide treatment and the reseeding stand in fall was rather increased 2.2 to 2.6 times. On the other hand, in untreated control, the CMV stand at May 15 and reseeding stand in fall was significantly reduced as compared with the before herbicide treatment. Control of A. aequalis increased the CMV dry matter production by 164% for 50% CMV coverage rate and 63% for 25% CMV coverage rate. This is equivalent to $12.3{\sim}16.4\;kgN$/10a which is greater than the recommended nitrogen rate of 9kg/10a. The result indicates that the control of A. aequalis is an efficient way to enhance dry matter production in CMV-rice cultivation system especially when CMV stand is poor.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.201-206
• /
• 1999

For the mass production of plug seedlings in cultivar ‘Dejima’ potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) the optimal apical cutting diameter for rooting and rapid multiplication of stem cuttings in hydroponics were determined. In addition, the best planting date was predicted to increase tuber yield of plug seedlings at fall cropping in Cheju-Do, Korea. Days to initial rooting decreased as the cutting diameter was reduced. Plant height, leaf number, root length and root weight per plant were favorable as the cutting diameter was small. The ideal cutting diameter was 1-2 mm in this experiment. In the hydroponic cultures, the Japanese standard (JS) nutrient solution was the most effective for multiplication of stem cuttings. It was able to propagate more than 20 times a month from a single mother plant. Viability of plants, which were derived from plug seedlings using stem cuttings, was excellent when transplanted to the field. The number of tubers and tuber yield in both of the plug seedlings and seed potato planting plots were high when planted on 25 August. The number and yield were reduced when planted on 15 August, 5 September and 15 September. The degree of decrease of tuber yield in the plug seedling planting plot however, was lower than that of seed potatoes when the planting date was late. In the case of small tubers (under 30 g), the number of tubers and tuber yield were evidently increased in the seed potato tuber planting plot; the yield of large tuber (over 80g) in the plug seedling planting plot was higher than that of the seed potato. The total tuber yield per plant in the plug seedling planting plot was less than that of the seed potato; therefore, in order to increase tuber yield it was necessary to increase field plant density.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.44-50
• /
• 2003

This study aimed to develop the methods of growing Enteromorpha prolifera natural seedlings in its natural habitat and artificial indoor seedlings by inducing spore release. Likewise, the study examined the possibility of mass production by developing cultivation techniques with cultivating examination. The natural seedling of E.prolifera thrived in a sea area composed of sand and mud, which Is its natural habitat. Growing of this alga on the seedling frame 20 cm high from the bottom at the intertidal zone in summer and 40 cm high in fall was found to be very effective. However, enabling the best attachment rate for artificial indoor seedling requires inducing spore release after drying the mature thalli in a dark place fur about 12∼24 hours and setting seedling nets in a dark water tank (spore solution) for 24 hours. Breeding E.prolifera in a pole-system farm is best done in shallow sea areas with mud or mud and sand geological feature. However, floating-system lam is better for deep-sea areas with fast current. Ideal farming places are sea areas with plenty of nutritional salt and safe places that protect the lam facilities against billows. Furthermore, an exposure method on seawater surface to produce larger output should be used.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.600-606
• /
• 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of seedling ages of scions and rootstocks for grafting and light intensity during their cultivation in a closed transplant production system on the growth and development of grafted cucumber transplants. Cucumber scions and rootstocks were cultivated under 5 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) levels: 100, 140, 180, 230, and $280{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ in a closed transplant production system. The scions were grafted onto the rootstocks at 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 days after sowing (DAS). Hypocotyl length of scions and rootstocks decreased significantly as PPF increased, and an increase in dry weight with increasing PPF was more pronounced in scions. After grafting, cucumber transplants were grown in a greenhouse until 22 DAS and were then transplanted for investigation of their growth and development. Plant height, leaf area, and fresh weight of cucumber transplants grafted at 8, 9, and 10 DAS were greater, but light intensity during cultivation of scions and rootstocks did not significantly affect the early growth of cucumber transplants after grafting. The number of female flowers in grafted cucumber after transplanting was highest when scions and rootstocks were cultivated under PPF 140 and $180{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and were grafted at 8 DAS. These results indicate that controlling environmental conditions in a closed transplant production system during the production of scions and rootstocks can advance grafting time and promote the growth and development of grafted cucumber transplants.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.155-165
• /
• 2016

Domestic and international production of Tricholoma matsutake has decreased owing to matsutake forests being left alone, host plant disease, forest fires, climate change, and so on. In order to identify strains that are suitable for the production of T. matsutake-inoculated seedlings, Pinus densiflora seedlings were inoculated with T. matsutake after in vitro rooting and mycorrhization was examined in the roots of T. matsutake-inoculated seedlings after 6 months. The mycorrhization rate was greater than 80% for 5 strains (NIFoS 421, 434, 1681, 1984, and 2001) out of 19 total strains. Seven strains (NIFoS 434, 441, 561, 562, 1016, 1807, and 1812) showed shoot/root ratios of less than 3.0 and had a seedling shoot biomass of 2.0 to 4.8 times higher than that of the root. Eight strains (NIFoS 441, 561, 562, 1016, 1807, 1812, 1984, and 2001) stimulated increases in shoot volume and three stains (NIFoS 441, 562, and 1812) promoted the growth of root biomass by mycorrhizal formation. In conclusion, 4 strains (NIFoS 434, 561, 1984, and 2001) out of 19 total strains tested showed higher mycorrhization rates and seedling growth than those of the other strains. We expect that the use of these four strains may contribute to T. matsutake-inoculated seedling production.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.470-477
• /
• 2021

Amsonia ellipotica (Thumb.) Roem. & Schult. has less than 10 native places nationwide and is evaluated as an endangered species (EN) on the Korean Red List, so systematic breeding and cultivation methods are required. This study was carried out to establish an effective method for seedling production in A. elliopotica that can be developed as a genetic resource conservation and new ornamental material. This experiment was performed by varying the seedling production container (72, 105 and 128 cell trays), number of seeds sown in a cell (1, 2, and 4 per cell), soil type [horticultural soil and neutralized peat-moss: perlite mixed in 3:1, 4:1 (v:v)], additional fertilizer concentrations (0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L) and shading degrees (0, 55 and 75%). As a result of the study, growth increased with the increased in measuring capacity per cell of sowing container. According to number of seeding growth, sowing one seed per cell was the best. Seedling growth increased as the treatment concentrations increased, higher growth was in 1000 mg/L. On the other hand, during the shading treatment, growth significantly decreased regardless of shading degrees.