• Title/Summary/Keyword: Seeding effect

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Effect of sowing date and planting distance on the growth and yield of sesame in the middle area of Korea.

  • Kim, Ki Hyun;Youn, Cheol Ku;Kim, In Jae;Lee, Hee Do;Hong, Seong Taek;Hong, Eui Yon;Woo, Sun Hee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2017.06a
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    • pp.250-250
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    • 2017
  • Studies were conducted to select the optimum sowing date and planting density of sesame in the middle area of Korea. To select the optimum sowing date, sesame seeds sowed from 20 April to 7 July with 15-day intervals. To select the optimum planting density, sesame seeds investigated under four different planting distances ($30{\times}10,\;30{\times}15,\;30{\times}20$, and $30{\times}25cm$)respectively in the experimental field. As seeding date was delayed, days to emergence were shortened flowering and maturing date were delayed. Delayed sowing date resulted in decreased length, capsule setting stem length and number of capsules, and branchs per plant. Number of Capsules was high sowing date on 5 May in the range of 90~95ea/plant in sesame. Also yield of sesame seeds was most high on 5 May in the range of 142kg/10a by sowing date. Sowing date up to 5 May showed no effect on grain yield, but from 5 June to 5 July decreased 27%, 68% and 86%, respectively. For all planting distances, weight of 1,000 grain was not significantly different. However, number of branches and capsules tended to increase. Number of Capsules was high planting distance of $30{\times}20cm$ and $30{\times}25cm$ in the range of 146.7~165.7ea/plant in the Geonbaekkae. Areumkkae also showed the same tendency on planting distance of $30{\times}20cm$ and $30{\times}25cm$ in the range of 122.0~147.5ea/plant, respectively. Yield of Geonbaekkae and Areumkkae seeds was most high 116kg/10a, 117kg/10a, respectively on planting distance $30{\times}20cm$. Decreased in the planting distance of sesame has increased the incidence of disease and lodging. Based on the results, we suggest a planting distance of $30{\times}20cm$ maximal growth and yield of sesame in the middle area of Korea. Considering growth characteristics, sesame yield ability, the optimum sowing date was 5 May and optimum planting pattern was founded to be two rows planting in one ridge and planting densities was $30{\times}20cm$.

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Effects of Different Nitrogen Solution Varying Concentration on Seed Germination of Vegetable Crops(Brassica rapa L., Lactuca sativa L.) (농도(濃度)가 다른 여러가지 질소원(窒素源) 양분용액(養分溶液)이 배추와 상치 종자발아(種子發芽)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Hong, Soon-Dal;Lee, Yun-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.57-61
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    • 1992
  • For testing salts effect on seed germination, nitrogen solutions($(NH_4)_2SO_4$, $NH_4NO_3$, $KNO_3$, $Mg(NO_3)_2$, $Ca(NO_3)_2$, $(NH_2)_2CO$) were treated to chinese cabbage(Brassica rape L.) and lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.) seeding on the quartz sand bed given a tilt to wet by dripping. Electrical conductivities (mS/cm) increased with direct proportion by equivalent gram-molecular weight at $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ and $KNO_3$, $NH_4NO_3$, but those of Mg and Ca salt remained 1 1/2 times higher. And urea solution never showed EC at all. $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ solution appeared to have value of EC with 1.37 times as high as that of $KNO_3$ and it was in order of $(NH_4)_2SO_4>NH_4NO_3>KNO_3>Ca(NO_3)_2>Mg(NO_3)_2$ comparing with same percentage solution. Application of $Mg(NO_3)_2$ and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ among 6 salts resulted in a severe decreas in germination of both crops, and $NH_4NO_3$ showed light inhibition in comparison to $KNO_3$. Urea showed little effect on germination as the same as $Ca(NO_3)_2$ and $KNO_3$ solution at low concentrations, but the latter two salts reduced germination remarkably at high concentrations. It is likely to show that germination inhibition is not affected by salt salanity but by the sort of salts.

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Studies on the Environmentally and Ecologically Stable Revegetation Measures on Rock Cut-Slopes - Effect of Hydroseeding Measures with Forest Topsoil - (암절취(岩切取) 훼손(毁損)비탈면에 대한 환경생태적(環境生態的)으로 안정(安定)된 녹화공법(綠化工法)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (II) - 산림표층토(山林表層土)를 이용한 종비토(種肥土)뿜어붙이기공법(工法)의 시공효과(施工效果) 분석(分析) -)

  • Woo, Bo-Myeong;Kim, Kyung-Hoon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.87 no.3
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    • pp.383-390
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of new materials with forest topsoil for hydroseeding measures that is environmentally and ecologically stable revegetation measures on rock cut-slopes. Field hydroseeding experiment was used with a completely randomized design at highway rock cut-slopes in April, 1997. Results obtained in this study were summarized as follows: Particle size distribution of 3 mixed-soil materials that consisted of forest topsoil, decomposed granite soil, compost, sludge, and bottom ash did not show a significant difference. As appending the amount of forest topsoil, soil bulk density was increased. Soil hardness was slightly increased in early period, and then decreased with the flourishing of plants. The number of individuals increased, more than $3,000seedlings/m^2$, after 1 month, and it was decreased as time passes because of competition between the seeded species and the naturally emerged species. In addition to the seeded species, seeding plot has more than 6 species (Rubus crataegifolius, Eleusine indica, Erigeron canadensis, Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme, etc.) per $m^2$ were naturally appeared in the first year. From the viewpoint of species diversity promotion, the capability of using forest topsoil as seed bank sources was high. In order to apply in the field, the investigation and analysis of topsoil availability (quantity and quality of seed source, soil texture and organic composition) should be carried out before-hand.

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The Effect of the Plasma Treatment on PLGA Scaffold for Adhesion and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-derived Stromal Cells (인체지방유래 간질세포의 부착 및 연골분화유도를 위한 PLGA 지지체의 플라즈마 처리 효과)

  • Dong, Chun Ji;Jun, Young Joon;Cho, Hyun Mi;Oh, Deuk Young;Han, Dong Keun;Rhie, Jong Won;Ahn, Sang Tae
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.46-52
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    • 2006
  • High-density micromass culture was needed to take three dimensions culture with ASCs(adipose derived stromal cells) and chondrogenesis. However, the synthetic polymer has hydrophobic character and low affinity to cells and other biomolecules. Therefore, the surface modification without changes of physical and chemical properties is necessary for more suitable condition to cells and biomolecules. This study was performed to investigate the effect of surface modification of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) scaffold by plasma treatment (P(+)) on the adhesion, proliferation and chondrogenesis of ASCs, and not plasma treatment (P(-)). ASCs were isolated from human subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained by lipectomy and liposuction. At 1 hour 30 minutes and 3days after cell seeding onto the P(-) group and the P(+) group, total DNA amount of attached and proliferated ASCs markedly increased in the P(+) group (p < 0.05). The changes of the actin under confocal microscope were done for evaluation of cellular affinity, at 1 hour 30 minutes, the shape of the cells was spherical form in all group. At 3rd day, the shape of the cells was fiber network form and finely arranged in P(+) group rather than in P(-) group. RT-PCR analysis of cartilage-specific type II collagen and link protein were expressed in 1, 2 weeks of induction. Amount of Glycoaminoglycan (GAG) markedly increased in P(+) group(p < 0.05). In a week, extracellular matrix was not observed in the Alcian blue and Safranin O staining. However in 2 weeks, it was observed that sulfated proteoglycan increased in P(+) group rather than in P(-) group. In conclusion, we recognized that plasma treatment of PLGA scaffold could increase the hydrophilic property of cells, and provide suitable environment for high-density micromass culture to chondrogenesis

Occurrence Ecology and Chemical Control of Soil-flakes in Flood-direct Seeded Rice Field (담수직파(湛水直播)논의 괴불발생(發生) 생태(生態) 및 방제(防除))

  • Park, J.E.;Park, T.S.;Ryu, G.H.;Lee, I.Y.;Lee, H.K.;Lee, J.O.;Kuramochi, H.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.13-18
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    • 1995
  • This experiment was carried out to investigate occurrence ecology and control of soil-flakes in flood-direct seeded rice field. The occurrence of soil-flakes were inhibited in blue light of 450nm wave length and promoted in red light of 660nm wave length. The diatoms of Pinnularia spp. largely occurred in low fertilizer level and which much more increased when nitrogen was mixed with thinly soil depth. The diatoms of Pinnularia spp. were effectively controlled by carbamate and triazine herbicides when treated in pre-emergence of soil-flakes. Beside, triazine herbicides, simetryne, dimethametryn, prometryne 5g ai/10a showed high control effect in pre and post-emergence of soil-flakes. Expecially, In water-direct seeded rice pyrazosulfuron-methyl molinate simetryne 5.37% GR and dimepiperate bensulfuron dimethametryn 7.643% GR showed high control effect on the soil-flakes when treated at 10 days after seeding and didn't showed rice injury.

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Preparation and Characterization of Small Intestine Submucosa Powder Impregnated Poly(L-lactide) Scaffolds: The Application for Tissue Engineered Bone and Cartilage

  • Khang, Gilson;Rhee, John M.;Shin, Philkyung;Kim, In Young;Lee, Bong;Lee, Sang Jin;Lee, Young Moo;Lee, Hai Bang;Lee, Ilwoo
    • Macromolecular Research
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.158-167
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    • 2002
  • In order to endow with new bioactive functionality from small intestine submucosa (SIS) powder as natural source to poly (L-lactide) (PLA) and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) synthetic biodegradable polymer, porous SIS/PLA and SIS/PLGA as natural/synthetic composite scaffolds were prepared by means of the solvent casting/salt leaching methods for the possibility of the application of tissue engineered bone and cartilage. A uniform distribution of good interconnected pores from the surface to core region was observed the pore size of 40~500 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ independent with SIS amount using the solvent casting/salt leaching method. Porosities, specific pore areas as well as pore size distribution also were almost same. After the fabrication of SIS/PLA hybrid scaffolds, the wetting properties was greatly enhanced resulting in more uniform cell seeding and distribution. Five groups as PGA non-woven mesh without glutaraldehyde (GA) treatment, PLA scaffold without or with GA treatment, and SIS/PLA (Code No.3 ; 1 : 12 of salt content, (0.4 : 1 of SIS content, and 144 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of median pore size) without or with GA treatment were implanted into the back of nude mouse to observe the effect of SIS on the induction of cells proliferation by hematoxylin and eosin, and von Kossa staining for 8 weeks. It was observed that the effect of SIS/PLA scaffolds with GA treatment on bone induction are stronger than PLA scaffolds, that is to say, in the order of PLA/SIS scaffolds with GA treatment > PLA/SIS scaffolds without GA treatment > PGA nonwoven > PLA scaffolds only with GA treatment = PLA scaffolds only without GA treatment for the osteoinduction activity. The possible explanations are (1) many kinds of secreted, circulating, and extracellular matrix-bound growth factors from SIS to significantly affect critical processes of tissue development and differentiation, (2) the exposure of SIS to GA resulted in significantly calcification, and (3) peri-implant fibrosis due to covalent bonding between collagen molecule by crosslinking reaction. In conclusion, it seems that SIS plays an important role for bone induction in SIS/PLA scaffolds for the application of tissue engineering area.

The Effect of indoor illuminance depends on direction of the side windows lighting (측창채광의 방향에 따른 실내조도의 영향)

  • Cho, Shee-Man;Kim, Won-Joong;Jang, Woo-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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    • 2004.05a
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    • pp.253-260
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    • 2004
  • 실내의 조명은 자연채광방식과 인공조명으로 나누어지는데 자연형 채광방식에서도 측창채광과 천창채광, 정 측창채광 그리고 반사 채광방식이 있다. 측창채광은 벽면에 대하여 일반적으로 연직인 창에 의한 채광을 말한다. 측창채광의 방향에 따라 실내조도는 영향을 많이 받는다. 따라서 본 연구는 측창채광의 동서남북의 방향에 따라 봄, 여름, 가을, 겨울의 계절에 따라 아침, 점심, 저녁시간대에 따라 변화되는 실내조도를 알아보았다. 실험방법은, 조명시뮬레이션 프로그램인 Lightscape V3.2를 사용하여 교실공간의 치수와 작업면의 높이를 가로 5.8[m], 세로 10.8[m], 높이 3[m], 작업면의 높이 0.75[m]로 정하였고, 각 시설물의 반사율[p]은 벽 80%, 창문 12%, 출입문 13%, 바닥 20%, 천장 85%로 지정하였으며 창문의 투과율은 88%로 설정하였다. 본 연구에서 측정하고자 하는 변수 값은 계절은 여름을 6월20일, 겨울은 1월20일 기준으로 하고 시간대는 09시, 13시, 18시로 하였으며 창측방위는 동, 서, 남, 북으로 정하였으며 계절과 시간은 가장 차이가 많이 나는 값을 선택하였다. 결론으로 창이 남쪽일 때 평균조도가 9,100[lx]로 가장 높았고, 시간별로는 점심에 19,590[lx]로 조도가 가장 높은 것을 알 수 있었고 조도 균제도는 창이 동쪽일 때 겨울에 가장 높았다. 창이 북쪽일 때는 여름이 겨울보다 평균조도가 약간 높았고, 시간별로는 아침에 조도가 약간 높은 것을 알 수 있었고 전체적으로 북쪽 창에서 실내조도가 현저하게 떨어지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과로 측창의 브라인드를 현재 사용하고 있는 수직 브라인드 대신에 수평 브라인드를 사용하여 주광의 범위를 넓게 조절하여 사용하게 하고, 점등제어를 현재 측창면과 수직으로 되어있는 배열을 수평으로 한다면 자연채광의 효과를 배가 할 수 있으리라고 사료된다. 미백 전, 미백후, 재광화 후 미세경도 변화 양상이 미백을 하지 않은 대조군과 차이를 보이지 않았으며 (p > 0.05) 미백 전과 미백 후의 미세경도의 차이 미백후와 재광화 후의 미세경도의 차이도 유의할 만한 차이가 없었다 (p > 0.05). 따라서 시중에 판매되고 있는 whitening strip과 미백 젤은 14일 동안의 통상적인 미백과정 동안 법랑질의 미세경도에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 사료된다.able pitch와 helical angle보다는 근본적으로 radial land가 screw-in effect의 예방에 더 큰 역할을 하는 것으로 추정될 수 있다 따라서 NiTi file의 사용 경험이 없는 초심자의 경우 근단부 폭경의 유지능력이 좋은 ProFile$^{(R)}$의 사용이 추천된다.)되었다.였으나 강남콩군 외에는 단백질의 소화 흡수율 및 효율은 크게 향상되지 않아 단백질의 소화 흡수율을 떨어뜨리는 요인에 관한 연구가 집중적 으로 이루어져야 하리라고 생각된다.면 바로 위 지점의 풍속을 측정하였다. 각 Seeding 물질에 대해 팬을 켜지 않았을 때, 즉 바람의 영향이 없을 때 측정한 표면유속을 바람의 세기가 변한 경우의 기준 표면유속으로 이용하였다. 본 연구의 결과 비중이 0.01 내외인 Ecofoam과 white polystyrene에 비해 비중이 0.92인 black polypropylene은 대부분이 물속에 잠겨 있어 흐름과 거의 일치하여 움직임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 흐름의 평균유속이 0.165 m/s의 저유속에서 바람이 tracers에 미치는 영향이 평균유속 0.558m/s인 경우보다 커서, 바람의 세기의 증가에 따라 표면유속 측정값이 급속히 감소되었다. 흐름의 평균유속이 큰 경우에는 바람이 tracer에 마치는 영향이 현격히 줄어듬을 보이고 있다. 결론적으로 유속이 증가함에 따라 바람의 영향은 감소하나, 바

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Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer and Manure in Reducing Cadmium Phytoavailability in Radish-grown Soil (중금속 오염 농경지에서 축분퇴비와 인산비료의 혼용시용에 의한 카드뮴 식물이용성 저감효과)

  • Hong, Chang-Oh;Kim, Sang-Yoon;Kim, Pil-Joo
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.261-267
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    • 2011
  • ACKGROUND: Cadmium (Cd) has long been recognized as one of most toxic elements. Application of organic amendments and phosphate fertilizers can decrease the bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soil. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was conducted to evaluate effect of combined application of phosphate fertilizer and manure in reducing cadmium phytoavailability in heavy metal contaminated soil. Phosphate fertilizers [Fused and super phosphate (FSP) and $K_2HPO_4$ (DPP)] and manure (M) were applied as single application (FSP, DPP, and M) to combined application (FSP+M and DPP+M) before radish seeding. $K_2HPO_4$ decreased $NH_4OAc$ extractable Cd and plant Cd concentration, mainly due to increases in soil pH and negative charge. However, FSP increased $NH_4OAc$ extractable Cd and plant Cd concentration. Manure significantly increased soil pH and negative charge. Combined application of phosphate fertilizer and manure were much more effective in reducing Cd phytoavailability than a simple application of each component. Calculated solubility diagram indicated that Cd concentrations in the solution of soils amended with phosphate fertilizers and manure were undersaturated with respect to all potential Cd minerals [$Cd_3(PO_4)_2$, $CdCO_3$, $Cd(OH)_2$, and $CdHPO_4$]. Plant Cd concentration and $NH_4OAc$ extractable Cd were negatively related to soil pH and negative charge. CONCLUSION: Alleviation of Cd phytoavailability with phosphate fertilizer and manure can be attributed primarily to Cd immobilization due to the increase in soil pH and negative charge rather than Cd and phosphate precipitation. Therefore, combined application of alkaline phosphate materials and manure is effective for reducing Cd phytoavailability.

Effect of Pig Slurry Application on the Forage Yield of Sorghum X Sudangrass Hybrid and Leaching of NO3-N in Volcanic Ash Soil (제주 화산회토양에서 돈분액비 시용이 수수 X 수단그라스의 생산성 및 NO3-N의 용탈에 미치는 영향)

  • 박남건;고서봉;이종언;황경준;김문철;송상택
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.151-158
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to determine the effect of pig slurry applications on the forage yield of Sorghum${\times}$Sudangrass hybrid and leaching of $NO_3$-N in volcanic ash soil in Jeju. It was arranged as a randomized block design with seven treatments: chemical fertilizer ($N-P_2$$O_{5}$ $-K_2$O=200-l50-150kg/ha), pig slurry 200kg N/ha, pig slurry 300kg N/ha, pig slurry 400kg N/ha, pig slurry 100kg N/ha+chemical fertilizer 100kg N/ha, pig slurry 150kg N/ha+chemical fertilizer 100kg N/ha, pig slurry 200kg N/ha+chemical fertilizer 100kg N/ha. The mean dry matter yield of Sorghum${\times}$Sudan grass hybrid per ha for 4 years(1998 to 2001) was higher(p<0.05) in pig slurry 300kg N/ha(l7,279kg) and pig slurry 400kg N/ha(17,817kg) treatments than those of other treatments. The $NO_3$-N concentrations of leaching water at soil depth 30cm in all treatments were excess the standard of WHO with level of $10.0mg/\ell$ on 20 days of the seeding, but this $NO_3$-N concentrations found to be below $5.0mg/\ell$ on August.

Effect of Artificial Granular Zeolite(AGZ) on Purification of Heavy Metals in Wastewater and Alleviation or Rice Seeding Growth Damage (입상 인공제올라이트를 이용한 중금속 폐수 정화와 벼 유묘 생육장해 경감)

  • Lee, Deog-Bae;Lee, Kyeong-Bo;Lee, Sang-Bok;Kim, Jae-Duk;Henmi, Teruo
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.446-451
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    • 1999
  • This study was carried out to investigate some mineralogical characteristics of Artificial Granular Zeolite (AGZ) and effect of AGZ on purification and alleviation of rice seedling damages of mine wastewater containing heavy metals. AGZ had mainly representative Na-P1 peaks and some $C_3S$ peaks of Portland cement in X-ray diffractogram. Differential thermal analysis represented that AGZ had weak endothermic peak around $130^{\circ}C$ and new deep endothermic peak around $750^{\circ}C$ as compared to powdery artificial zeolite. The ranking of heavy metals removals by AGZ, was lead> copper> cadmium> zinc in the synthetic wastewater. Root growth of rice seedling was greatly inhibited in the mine wastewater, and died after all. As AGZ treated into the mine wastewater with the ratio 1 : 50 (W : V) for one day or 1 : 100 for 4 days, the concentrations of heavy metals in the mine wastewater were decreased to below the critical concentration for agricultural use. And rice seedlings were grew with little damages in the purified water by AGZ.

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