• Title/Summary/Keyword: Seed treatments

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Quality Characteristics of Rice Wine according to the Rice Wine Seed Mash with Lactic Acid Concentration (젖산농도별 주모에 따른 막걸리의 품질 특성)

  • Huh, Chang-Ki;Lee, Jung-Won;Kim, Yong-Doo
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.933-938
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    • 2012
  • The quality characteristics of rice wine seed mash and rice wine made with different lactic acid concentrations were investigated. The pH decreased along with the lactic acid concentration. The total titratable acid content of the rice wine seed mash was lowest when 0.5% lactic acid was added, and the ethanol contents of the mash samples were not significant. The results of the measurement of the microorganism number, C (cell numbers of the total bacteria and the lactic acid bacteria), decreased along with the lactic acid concentrations of the mash samples. The yeast cell numbers of the rice wine seed mash samples according to the lactic acid concentrations were high (0.5, 0.3, 1.0, control, and 0.7%, respectively). The pH and total titratable acid levels of rice wine according to the lactic acid concentration were stable during fermentation, according to the increase in the amount of lactic acid. The organic acids in the rice wines were highest in the lactic acid. The rice wines to which lactic acid had been added had lower acetic acid contents than the control. Also, the acetic acid contents decreased along with the lactic acid concentrations, except in the rice wine treated with 1.0% lactic acid. The ethanol contents of the tested rice wines were not significant. All in all, in the sensory evaluation, the rice wines treated with 0.5 and 0.7% lactic acid scored higher than the other treatments.

Dormancy type and Germination Characteristics of Seeds of Lonicera chrytsantha Turcz. Ex Ledeb (Caprifoliaceae) (각시괴불나무 종자의 휴면유형과 발아특성)

  • Park, Hyung Bin;Ko, Chung Ho;Kim, Sang Yong;Lee, Ki Cheol;Kim, Jae Hyeun;Chung, Jae Min
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.32 no.5
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    • pp.457-462
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    • 2019
  • This study was conducted to investigate seed dormancy type and germination characteristics of Lonicera chrysantha. In imbibition test, the seeds imbibed water readily. Therefore, the seeds did not have physical dormancy (PY). The seeds have undeveloped embryo at seed dispersal and, then the E:S ratio (embryo/seed ratio) increased more than about 46% just before germination. In temperature experiments (5, 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$), the seeds did not germinate during incubation at $5^{\circ}C$. At $20^{\circ}C$, the seeds started to germinate from a week after sowing and the final germination was 86.7% at 2 weeks after sowing. At $15^{\circ}C$, the seeds started to germinate at 2 weeks and the final germination rate was 75.0% at 4 weeks after sowing. At $25^{\circ}C$, the seeds started to germinate at a week and the final germination rate was 48.3% at 19 weeks after sowing. Consequently, Optimum temperature of germination is $20^{\circ}C$ that shown highest final germination rate and shortest mean germination time. The seeds germinated all temperature treatments within 4 weeks except to $5^{\circ}C$. Therefore, it is concluded that seeds of L. chrysantha have only morphological dormancy (MD).

Seed Production Studies in Italian Ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam. Itailcum ) I. Effect of seeding time and seed rates of Italian ryegrass, cv. Tetrone on seed production (이탈리안 라이그라스의 종자생산에 관한 연구. 제1보. 파종기와 파종량이 종자에 미치는 영향)

  • 박병훈;이남종
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.226-234
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    • 1984
  • In order ti find out the optimum seeding time(OST) and optimum seed rate(OSR) of Italian ryegrass on seed production, this studies with tetraploid cv. Tetrone were carried out on the experimental field of Livestock Experiment Station. Treatments included seed rates of 1, 2, 3 and 4 kg per 10a and combined with seeding time on 20, 30 Aug, 9, 19 and 29, September 1983. Seeds were sown in rows 50 cm apart and were spaced in a continuous line with width of 15 cm within the rows. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Autumn tillers could be classified into three groups from winter-killing point of view, namely winter-killing completely, damaged growing point only and living tillers. 2. The young inflorescence-bearing stem in Italian ryegrass which were sown earlier than 9. September were more susceptible to winter killing. Tiller buds in those stems which originated from an axillary buds at the stem base within senescent leaf-sheaths emerged lately in spring, and consequently heading was delayed, culm length shortened and seed yield reduced. 3. Tiller buds which originated from damaged growing point only and living tillers in moderate shoots emerged early in spring and those tillers became mainly spike-bearing culm. 4. The emergence-time of tillers influenced on culm-, spike- length and ripenness more than seeding time and seed rate. 5. Seed yield was mostly affected by the number of spikes per unit area. 6. For the safety of over-wintering and enough spikes on seed production, OST and OSR at Suweon were the last part of September and 2-3 kg per 10a, respectively. Especially OSR was 2 kg per 10a for early and 3 kg per 10a for late OST.

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Studies on the Improvement of Mountainous Pasture III. Effect of seed coating on oversown pasture (산지초지 개량에 관한 연구 III. 종자 Coating에 의한 겉뿌림 초지육성)

  • 이인덕
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.194-200
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    • 1984
  • Effects of seed coating on establishment, early growth and herbage production were investigated in Pot, Soil box and Field experiments. Seed was coated with 60% Lime, 20% Phosphate and 20% Peatmoss(W/W), also finely sprayed 13% Arabic gum and 2% Methyl cellulose(W/V). Coating were generally 1:20, seed: coat(W/W). 1. In the general growth of the growing stages and different oversown species at 80 days, seed coated was promoted than none in early growth. (Table 2 and 3) 2. Stand counts at 60 days after oversown, seed coated was higher 15% than none, especially, there was advantage due to coating on the medium and large size seeds such as Orchardgrass, Perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass, but did not assist establishment of the large (Tall fescue) and small (Ladino clover) size seed. 3. Variation of sward composition was not quite different between two treatments, but seed coated was slightly increased the Percentage of sown grasses with advance of cutting time. 4. Total dry metter yield per unit area with seed coated was higher 17% than none in establishment year. 5. Variations in the chemical composition of the herbage and soil were influenced by coating materials in the coating regime (Table 8). 6. From these facts, seed coated also appeared that adequate seedling stands, early growth and herbage production could be obtained with higher than conventional overseeding method under a poor conditions.

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An Optimum Seed Planting Time of Chinese Milk Vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) for Stable Seedling Establishment and Dry Matter Production in Paddy Field (벼 낙수시기 기준 자운영 파종적기 구명)

  • Kim, Sang-Yeol;Oh, Seong-Hwan;Choi, Kyung-Jin;Kim, Jeong-Il;Park, Sung-Tae;Yeo, Un-Sang;Kang, Hang-Won
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.54 no.3
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    • pp.260-264
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    • 2009
  • Sufficient seedling establishment of Chinese milk vetch (CMV) is the most important factor in the CMV cultivation. In order to obtain sufficient seedling stand, CMV seed should be planted at right seed planting date. An optimum CMV seed planting time for stable seedling establishment was determined based on the final water drainage time for rice harvest in fall. Five planting times from 10 days before water drainage (DBWD) to 15 days after water drainage (DAWD) at five day interval were evaluated during the period of 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 and the optimum CMV seed planting time was determined based on seedling stand, winter survival rate, and dry matter production. CMV seedling stand before winter was high with $575{\sim}1,050\;plants/m^2$ regardless of seed planting times but after overwintering, it was greater in seed planting date between 5 DBWD to 5 DAWD than that of 10 to 15 DAWD treatments. Winter survival rate, dry matter production and seed production yield also showed similar trend to the seedling establishment. On the other hand, when CMV seeds were sowed early at 10 DBWD, seedling stand and winter survival rate were lower than that of 5 DBWD to 5 DAWD. This result indicates that an optimum CMV seed planting time based on the final water drainage could be between 5 DBWD (September 20) to 5 DAWD (September 30).

Effect of Lignans Isolated from Schisandra chinensis Baillon on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Radish (오미자 (Schisandra chinensis Baillon)로부터 순수분리한 리그난이 무의 종자발아 및 유묘생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Da-Jung;Kim, Youn-Han;Park, Se-Jin;Rajasekar, Seetharaman;Park, Young-Hoon;Kang, Jum-Soon;Son, Beung-Gu;Lee, Yong-Jae;Kim, Sun-Tae;Yoon, Moo-Kyoung;Choi, Young-Whan
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.91-103
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    • 2012
  • The aim of this study was to develop a rapid and cheap bioassay of four lignans (schisandrin, schisandrin C, the gomisin A and gomisin N) isolated from Schizandra chinensis Baill on seed germination and seedling growth of the radish. Its structure was determined by analysis of MS and NMR spectroscopic data. Radish seeds immersed for 1 hr in the solutions of $10^{-5}M$, $10^{-6}M$ and $10^{-7}M$ of schisandrin, schisandrin C, gomisin A, and gomisin N, seed germination was observed with in 60 hr after all of the treatments. Also, the seeds were germinated faster compared to untreated controls. At early germination stage, 48 hr after the treatment of the lignans, the suppression of germination was observed from all treatments; the suppression due to schisandrin and gomisin A was the highest at the concentration of $10^{-6}M$. The level of suppression increased as the concentration increased in the treatment of schisandrin C and gomisin N. Percent germination of seed after 184 hr was increased 90% at all treatments. For the effects of lignan treatment on seedling growth in radish, the growth of hypocotyl was promoted by gomisin A and gomisin N at all concentrations. Root elongation was significantly promoted by schisandrin and gomisin N at $10^{-5}M$ and $10^{-6}M$, respectively. Fresh and dry weights of the seedlings were high at a low concentration of $10^{-7}M$, but significantly reduced by schisandrin C at a high concentration of $10^{-5}M$. The results of the germination activity and seedling growth of the lignans from S. chinensis suggest their potential use as natural growth regulators.

Effect of Temperature and Various Pre-treatments on Germination of Hippophae rhamnoides Seeds (갈매보리수나무 종자의 온도 및 여러 가지 전처리에 따른 발아반응)

  • Choi, Chung-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.132-141
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    • 2012
  • This study was carried out to test seed germination responses to temperatures and pre-treatments in Hippophae rhamnoides, which has many abilities in antioxidant activity, soil improvement and erosion control. H. rhamnoides seeds were placed at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$ under light condition. As the results, germination percentage (GP) was the highest at 15 and $20^{\circ}C$, and mean germination time (MGT), germination rate (GR) and germination value (GV) were the highest at $25^{\circ}C$. Quadratic and linear regression model were used to determine the cardinal temperatures such as base ($T_b$), maximum ($T_m$) and optimum ($T_o$) temperature for germination. In quadratic regression model using PG, $T_b$, $T_m$ and $T_o$ was estimated as 0.6, 36.4 and $18.5^{\circ}C$, respectively, and temperature range for germination was $35.8^{\circ}C$. In linear regression model using GR, $T_b$, $T_m$ and $T_o$ was estimated as 8.3, 35.4 and $25.3^{\circ}C$, respectively, and temperature range for germination was $27.2^{\circ}C$. Germination properties were investigated after H. rhamnoides seeds were treated by prechilling (1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks), stratification (2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks), solid matrix priming (seed : carrier : water = 5 : 1 : 7, 8, 9 and 10), osmo-priming (-0.25, -0.5, -1.0 and -1.5 MPa) and calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$) -priming (100, 200, 300 and 400 mM). The highest GP was observed in $CaCl_2$ 300 and 400 mM treatments, and MGT was the shortest in stratification 6 and 8 weeks treatments. GR and GV were the highest and GP was the second highest when seeds were prechilled for 1 and 2 weeks. Consequently, prechilling 1 or 2 weeks treatment was considered as the appropriate method when we contemplate qualitative and quantitative effects in seedling production.

Pythium myriotyrum에 의한 생강뿌리썩음병의 포장내 발병진전에 미치는 토양소독, 살균제 시용, 좁은 이랑재배 효과

  • 김충희;양성석;한기돈
    • Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.253-259
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    • 1998
  • Effects of soil disinfection, fungicide application, and narrow ridge cultivation on ginger rhizome rot development were examined in two naturally-infested fields at Seosan, Choongnam province. Soil disinfection treatments were assigned to main plots, and fungicide and ridge treatments to sub-plots in a split plot design with three replications. The rhizome rot started in late July, and progressed rapidly until late September with the peak incidence in mid-august to early September. Soil disinfection by dazomet application showed the most prominent inhibition effects in both fields, where the disease was reduced by the treatment from 17.5% to 4.8% in one field, and from 51.0% to 2.2% in the other field. Three to five applications of fungicide metalaxyl-copper during the growing season inhibited the disease by 89.7% in one field, but less effectively in the other field. Narrow ridge cultivation reduced the disease effectively by 78.1% and 63.9%, compared to the unridged control plots in each field, respectively. Germination rate of seed-rhizomes and growth of ginger plants were similar between treatments, except when the plots received improper aeration after applying dazomet, and then the germination rate was significantly reduced. The greatest yields were obtained in the disinfected plots, regardless of rhizome rot incidence, except one control plot with very little disease. Ginger yield was negatively correlated with disease severity. However, the yield of ridge plots averaged 58∼59% compared to those of the unridged plots, due mainly to the half planting rate of the ridge plots. In spatial progress, the disease in the disinfected plots started from a single focus of the inoculum, and spread into the adjacent areas only, whereas in the untreated plots, the disease started from many foci that were distributed over the plot, and rapidly progressed to make an epidemic during the season. The soil density of P. myriotylum in the disinfected plots was not changed or, if not, increased slightly during the season. However, in the untreated plots it increased rapidly to reach the density 3 to 5 times greater by the end of the season.

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Effect of Supplementary Feeding Strategies on the Performance of Stall Fed Dual-purpose Dairy Cows Fed Grass Hay-based Diets

  • Bwire, J.M.N.;Wiktorsson, H.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.359-367
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    • 2003
  • Supplementary feeding strategies were evaluated from pre-calving throughout lactation on 24 dual-purpose Mpwapwa breed cows in their second or greater lactation, weighing 246-455 kg. The Mpwapwa breed is an established breed of 4 Bos indicus breeds and 8% of Bos taurus. The cows were penned and stall-fed individually. Eight weeks before calving to eight weeks after calving, the cows were divided into two groups and offered hay ad libitum with either 2 kg DM (L) or 4 kg DM/day (H) concentrates. Nine weeks after calving half of the cows on L-level continued with 2 kg DM/day (L-L) while the remainder received 4 kg DM concentrate daily (L-H). Half of the cows on H-group continued with 4 kg DM/day (H-H) while the remainder received 2 kg DM/day (H-L). The concentrate mixture comprised of sunflower seed cake (33%) and maize bran (67%). The cows consumed all the concentrate offered. Hay DM intake was similar (6.8 kg/day) and tended to decrease the last two weeks before calving increased again after calving. Live weight change and body condition score were similar across treatments before calving but differed after calving (p<0.05). Heavier cows with higher condition score pre-calving had a higher body weight loss and regained weight later. After treatment reallocation, live weight change and condition differed between treatments (p<0.05). Calves were allowed to suckle milk from one quarter. The amount of milk suckled and calf weight gains were not significantly different between treatments. The cows were removed from the experiment when the milk yield was below 4 kg per day. Cows on treatment H produced 6.2 kg and on treatment L 5.0 kg saleable milk/day (p<0.05) during the first 8 weeks post partum. During the period 9-18 weeks post partum the saleable daily milk on H-H, L-H, H-L and L-L were 5.2, 4.8, 4.7 and 4.3 kg, respectively (p>0.05).

Effect of Priming on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Lilium formolongi (Priming 처리(處理)가 신나팔나리의 종자발아(種子發芽) 및 초기생육(初期生育)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Lee, Jong-Won;Kim, Tae-Joung;Kim, Ju-Hyoung;Kim, Hak-Hyoun;Lee, Cheol-Hee;Choi, Kwan-Soon;Paek, Kee-Yoeup
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.136-137
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    • 1999
  • This experiment was conducted to improve germination rate and growth of Lilium formolongi 'Neosan No. 2' seeds by priming. Seeds were immersed in the solutions of 200 mM $Ca(NO_3)_2$, 200 mM $KNO_3$ for 3 days and 100 mg/L $GA_3$ for 1 day at $17{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. For chilling treatment, seeds were kept in the low temperature chamber of $2{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. Germination percentage of seeds treated with $Ca(NO_3)_2$ or $KNO_3$ was higher than that of seeds with other treatments and control seeds to 10 days after seeding, but final germination percentage was not significantly different among all treatments including control. Early growth of seedlings treated with $Ca(NO_3)_2$ and $KNO_3$ were better than that of seedling with other treatments.

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