• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.325-327
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• 2001

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv KF109) seeds were artificially aged in a controlled environment of 45$^{\circ}C$ and 80% relative humidity condition for different duration up to 14 days before priming in polyethylene glycol 6000 solution of equivalent osmotic potential of -0.8 MPa for 8 days at $25^{\circ}C$. The seeds aged only and primed after aging were germinated at 15$^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ to observe the priming effects on the germination of aged seeds at different temperature. The germination percentage of the aged seeds was rapidly dropped starting from 8 days of aging and mean germination time (T$_{50}$) was greatly increased, particularly in germination at 15$^{\circ}C$. The germination capacity was greatly restored in the primed seeds after aging, particularly in the seeds of longer aging and germinating at 15$^{\circ}C$.>.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 1996

The influences of temperature, harvest time, sowing time, seeding media, moisture content of media and light on the seed germination of Lycoris are as follows, Both L. koreana and L. aurea had over 90% seed setting, and seed maturity came in September or early October. It took six months to have over 60% seed germination. The optimum germination temperature was $25^{\circ}C$, and the alternating treatment was effective at $20{\rightleftarrows}25^{\circ}C$. The optimum harvest-time was around Sep. 20, and the optimum seed-time was immediately after havest. The optimum seeding media was sand loam, and the optimum moisture content was PF 1. 9/400ml seeding media. The dark condition was more effective for the seed germination than the light condition.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.550-557
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• 2014

Heloniopsis koreana and Heloniopsis tubiflora (Melanthiaceae) are endemic herbaceous species of the Korean Peninsula. The Melanthiaceae family has been described as having seeds with small, underdeveloped embryos at the time of dispersal, and morphological (MD) or morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). However, there are few reports on embryo growth, morphology, and seed germination in Heloniopsis species. The aims of this study were to investigate embryo growth and seed dormancy, and to determine the type of dormancy exhibited by these species. The effects of incubation temperatures, light conditions, and gibberellic acid ($GA_3$) on dormancy break and seed germination were tested. Freshly matured seeds of the two species had small embryos that occupied about 9-11% of the length of the endosperm, and which increased by more than 300% in length before radicle emergence, indicating that the embryos are underdeveloped at the time of dispersal. Embryos in the seeds grew under warm temperature regimes (between $25/15^{\circ}C$ and $30/20^{\circ}C$). $GA_3$ application (tested only in the light) overcame seed dormancy and promoted germination. Approximately 30% of the seeds of H. koreana and approximately 40% of the seeds of H. tubiflora germinated in suitable environmental conditions (light and temperature) within 4 weeks. Therefore, 30-40% of the seeds of the two species exhibited MD, and the rest of the seeds had non-deep simple MPD. Light was found to be one of the critical factors for germination because no seed of either of the two Heloniopsis species germinated under constant dark conditions, and thus, these species have the potential to form a persistent soil seed bank. Understanding these germination requirements will help in development of effective strategies to increase the establishment of seedlings in their native habitat.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.78-88
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• 2003

This study was conducted to develop the plant-mat for ecological restoration which was formed as the thin multi-layers of woven nets, soil media, seeds, etc. The experimental site was selected at a slope of 240$m^2$ at the rear of Design College of Sangmyung University and divided into 8 sub-experimental plots (20$m^2$ each) according to mat types. (forest-type and grass-type mats with and without seed attachment, respectively) Also, the existing vegetation plot and the no-treatment plot were included in this experiment for comparison. The experiment construction was conducted on September 3, 2002. Mat covered plots regardless of seed attachment showed nearly no signs of erosion even if rainy season in summer compared to the no-treatment plot. Vegetation monitoring result showed that germination rates were somewhat high in both forest and grass-type mats without seed attachment in the initial germination stage. Although germination rates of seed attached mats were somewhat slower than non-seed attached mats in the germination stage, but over time, it showed a good rooting and shooting environment for germinated tree and grass species because of soil media existence within the mat. This indicates that while non seed-attached mats require follow-up maintenance, seed-attached mats does not require maintenance after rooting and germination.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.206-214
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• 2010

The laboratory and green house studies evaluated the effect of three different environmental factors on the seed germination, seedling emergence and survival of four major weed species in coconut plantations, Mimosa pudica, Ureana lobata, Panicum maximum and Pennisetum polystachyon. Germination percentage of all the weed species was significantly reduced with increasing soil moisture stress, no germination was observed at -0.9 MPa. Germination of both grass seeds ranged from 8% to 25% and 10% to 45% as moisture stress decreased from -0.4 MPa to 0 MPa, respectively. In contrast, seeds of M. pudica, and U. lobata were moderately tolerant to soil moisture stress and best adapted to moist environment. All the weed species seeds germinated over a wide range of soil pH values with the highest germination occurring at pH 6. In all the species, seedling emergence was declined rapidly with increasing depth with the exception of U. lobata. Seedling emergence significantly declined when the duration of flooding was three days or longer in dicotyledonous weed species and two days or longer in monocotyledonous weeds. This study illustrates the adaptability of these weeds to different environmental conditions which would enable the development of management strategies to reduce their populations below economic threshold levels in coconut plantations.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.232-239
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• 2014

Zoysiagrass seeds had low germination or lack of germination uniformity under natural condition. To improve the final germination percentage of zoysiagrass seeds, we investigated the methods of proper pre-treatment to enhance germination rate of zoysiagrass. Seeds were subjected to the testa scarification and four types of seed priming methods, namely, hydro priming (distilled water), osmotic priming (polyethylene glycol -0.5 MPa, -1.0MPa, -2.0 MPa), halo priming (Potassium nitrate 100 mM, 200 mM, 400 mM), and solid matrix priming (seed : microcel-E : distilled water = 4:1:8) with and without 25% KOH treatment in the testa. The scarification improved the germination rate and reduced the germination time. Osmotic priming (PEG -0.5 MPa) with scarification were significantly increased the seed germination rate and decreased MGT, and $T_{50}$. Seed germination rate obtained by osmotic priming (PEG -0.5MPa) with scarification increased above 60% in comparison with natural condition. Conclusively, scarified and primed zoysiagrass seed germinated more rapidly and uniformly in the study. The present results suggested that PEG priming treatment with KOH treatment prior to sowing could improve germination percentage, and this method makes us establish the early zoysiagrasses in the field.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2013

Oreorchis coreana Finet is threatened globally by over-collection from its natural habitats for horticultural purposes. Its rarity in nature makes this plant one of the most endangered species in Korea. In this study, we investigated the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on orchid seed viability and seed germination. An in vitro bioassay swelling test using immature seeds was compared with a standard chemical procedure using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) to test seed viability. In general, the bioassay was more appropriate for estimating embryo viability after a prolonged pre-treatment (more than 1 h) in 1% NaOCl, a surface sterilant often used to enhance germination of seeds of terrestrial plants. Therefore, an efficient method for investigating in vitro swelling of immature seeds is urgently needed. We established a method for determining the viability and swelling of O. coreana seeds via in vitro examination of immature seeds. Treatment of immature seeds with 1% NaOCl for 10 min greatly enhanced the extent of swelling of immature zygote embryos when compared to untreated seeds. These data obtained here appear to be comparable to viability and swelling that occurs in O. coreana seeds via asymbiotic germination.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.830-839
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• 2016

Germination of Hemerocallis seeds as influenced by cold stratification at $5^{\circ}C$ (CS) and maturity of seeds evaluated using X-ray imaging has not been well investigated. Seeds of H. lilioasphodelus, H. citrina, H. citrina 'April Flower', and H. minor collected from China and H. thunbergii collected from Korea were germinated at $20^{\circ}C$ without pre-temperature treatment, while H. hongdoensis, H. dumortieri, H. minor, and H. vespertina seeds were treated with CS. Harvesting 'Stella de Oro' capsules at 35-40 days after anthesis yielded mature seeds with well-developed embryo and cotyledons analyzed by X-ray images with a 92% germination in 17 days after sowing. Seeds of H. thunbergii and H. citrina germinated in less than 13 days without CS; two weeks of CS did not accelerate seed germination. Seeds of H. hongdoensis germinated in 24 days when seeds were stored at $25^{\circ}C$ without CS and in less than 27 days when cold stratified. Therefore, 'Stella de Oro' capsules should be harvested at 35-40 days after anthesis to harvest mature seeds. Cold stratification is not required to accelerate seed germination in the Hemerocallis taxa evaluated in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.163-172
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• 2014

To investigate the possibility of developing the seeding measure for river bank slope revegetation, germination experiment and early growth observation were conducted using 3 native species growing naturally around river banks such as Pennisetum alopecuroides, Phragmites communis, and Miscanthus sinensis. The applied seeding methods were 3 such as scattering seeds, tillage after scattering seeds, and covering up seed with soil after scattering seeds. According to seeding methods, germination experiment and early growth observation were carried out on nursery bed soil in greenhouse. As results of this study, all the 3 native plant species' germination ratio and growth in length on nursery bed soil were highest on the seeding method of covering up seed with soil. Also it was verified by Duncan's multiple range test that the germination ratio and growth in length on the seeding method of covering up seed with soil is distinguished from those on other two seeding methods. According to this results, the best possible seeding measure to be developed should be mechanical seed spraying with soil.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.365-371
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• 2012

This study was carried out to know the characteristics of flowering and bearing fruit, the optimum period, regions and methods for seed harvesting, the optimum temperatures for seed storage and germination, and the optimum period for sowing at nursery bed and seedling transplanting of Valeriana fauriei Briquet. The flowering and bearing fruit of Valeriana fauriei was developed from the before-year root. Optimum period for seed harvest of Valeriana fauriei was from late July to middle August, and optimum areas were the high elevated areas over 500 m above the sea level as Jinbu-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do. Using of net-bag for seed harvesting was the effective method to gather the full ripe seed, and bagging of net-bag was necessary from the season of middle May that was the flowering middle-stage. Germination rates don't show the difference among the different temperatures of storage as approximately 41% at $-20^{\circ}C$, $2^{\circ}C$ or $20^{\circ}C$ of seed storage temperatures. The optimum temperature range was in $15{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ for seed germination at nursery bed. The optimum period for seed sowing at nursery bed was the late February, and the optimum period for seedling transplanting was the middle April.