• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.175-180
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• 2022

The seeds of Trichosanthes kirilowii (STK) used in traditional Oriental medicine for the treatment of dry cough and constipation have diverse pharmacological activities, including hypolipidemic, antioxidant, immunosuppressive, and anticancer effects. However, the effect of STK on angiogenesis has not been studied yet. In this study, we investigated whether the ethanolic extract of STK (ESTK) can regulate the migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and explored the underlying mechanism. Results of transwell assay showed that ESTK treatment dose-dependently suppressed the migration of HUVECs. The conditioned medium collected from H1299 human lung cancer cells was used as a chemoattractant. Our observation suggests that ESTK would inhibit the recruitment of endothelial cells into tumors. In addition, ESTK treatment significantly reduced the tube formation of HUVECs. As a molecular mechanism, we found that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) was completely blocked by ESTK treatment. The expression of angiogenic factors, including VEGFA, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), angiopoietin, placental growth factor (PGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), angiogenin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, was commonly decreased by ESTK treatment in H1299 cells, indicating that ESTK would reduce the production of angiogenic factors from cancer cells. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrated that ESTK exhibited anti-angiogenic effects in HUVECs, which provides another possible mechanism underlying the anticancer activities of STK.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.247-253
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• 2016

It confirmed the applicability as an anti-inflammatory material from Rubus occidentalis seed (RSE) extract. In HaCaT cells to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential as a material RSE extract on the activity of the inflammatory factors caused by UVB and $IFN-{\gamma}/TNF-{\alpha}$. We measured the activity of ROS, interleukin-$1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) by ROS-Glo $H_2O_2$ assay and ELISA kit. Our results showed that the RSE extracts inhibit the UVB and $IFN-{\gamma}/TNF-{\alpha}$-induced ROS activities and expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner. Also it was found that inflammatory mediators of the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition were also brought, the expression of which is increased $PGE_2$ by COX-2 also inhibited. Finally RSE extracts measure the seed expression of filaggrin in the skin barrier, the main factor of the extract could be confirmed to increase the expression of the filaggrin damaged as a result of this concentration-dependent manner. Through this, it was able to confirm that the efficacy RSE extract to protect the inflammation by restoring the damaged layers of the epidermis. Results from more than RSE extract was able to confirm that the extract that has anti-inflammatory effects by improving the inflammation being produced from UVB.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 2020

Sesame is typically a temperature- and day length-sensitive plant, as its flowering is promoted under high temperature and shorter day length conditions. The experiment carried out in the present study revealed that day length influenced sesame flowering to a much greater extent than temperature. The degree of day length influence differed depending on the sesame variety. Days from sowing to flowering was negatively correlated with yield-related characteristics such as stem length, capsule number per plant, 1,000 seed weight, and seed weight per 10a. In cases where the period from sowing to flowering was longer and flowering date was later, the reproductive growth period was shorter during maturity. Analysis of the effects of temperature and day length on seed yield production revealed that temperature was a much more influential factor than day length. However, day length was more influential than temperature under low temperatures, such as 22℃. All varieties apart from Ansan were shown to be primarily influenced by temperature. Sesame varieties were grouped in view of optimal seed sowing time through principal components analysis. The Poongsung and Sungboon varieties favored early sowing under low temperatures and short day lengths. The DT45, Poongsung, 90 days, Ansan, and Sungboon varieties favored late sowing under high temperatures and long day lengths. The Yangbaek and Arum varieties could be sown both early and late.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.470-472
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• 1999

When the type and ratio of male-sterile plants in $F_1$ hybrids collected from several seed companies were investigated, there were differences in the male-sterile type depending upon region, seed company and variety group. The differences were inferred due to the easiness in breeding of maintainer line among the variety groups. American seed companies mainly used petaloid type male sterility with Imperater group varieties. European companies used brown anther type male sterility mainly with Nantes group but some companies used petaloid type also in varieties that were different from Nantes group. Asian companies (Japan, Korea) used both types with Chantaney and Kuroda group varieties, but one type was mainly used depending on individual seed company. Only one type of male-sterility in one variety was observed and the results were agreed well with other's results that male-sterility type was determined by cytoplasm factor. Some breeding lines were backcrossed to both types of cytoplasm (Sa, Sp) for maintainer line selection. We could select 15 maintainer lines from 20 lines in petaloid cytoplasm (Sp) and 3 from 4 lines in brown cytoplasm (Sa). In petaloid cytoplasm, maintainer lines can be selected at considerably high frequency. But in brown anther cytoplasm, the used materials are too restricted to tell general frequency maintainer lines.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.690-695
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• 1994

The perilla seed and the germinated perilla seed $(25{\sim}28^{\circ}C$, $2{\sim}3\;days)$ were extracted by n-hexane, and from the extracted oil the antioxidative components were separated, and then the effect of the change in the contents of antioxidative components by germination on the oxidative stability of the perilla oil was studied. The perilla oils were solved acetone and methanol, and kept at $-60^{\circ}C$ overnight and separated into the frozen oil fraction and unfrozen solvent soluble fraction. By comparing the antioxidative stability of the frozen oil fraction the antioxidative components in the perilla oil were found to be methanol soluble. The methanol soluble fraction of perilla oil was applied to silica gel column chromatography and the separated fractions were compared in terms of antioxidative activity. The fraction of n-hexane : ethyl acetate (7 : 3, v/v) showing the highest antioxidative activity was further separated by TLC. The components included in the band $(R_f\;0.71)$ showing the highest antioxidative activity was separated by HPLC. Four peaks were observed on the HPLC chromatogram and the peak areas were changed by germination (perilla seed : peak 1; 46.5%, peak 2; 25.6%, peak 3; 22.6%, germinated perilla seed : peak 1; 43.8%, peak 2; 20.6%, peak 3; 29.8%). The comparative change in the contents of these components was considered to be one factor affecting the antioxidative stability of perilla oil by germination.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.802-808
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• 2013

Here we tried to uncover the potential anti-lipogenic effect and the underlying mechanism of Phaseolus angularis seed in a cellular model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced in HepG2 cells. Ethanol extract of Phaseolus angularis seed (JSD) was prepared. HepG2 cells were incubated in palmitate containing media to induce intracellular lipid accumulation, and co-treated with JSD for 16 hrs before examine intracellular lipid content. In control group, the cells were not co-treated with JSD. We measured the effects of JSD on liver X receptor ${\alpha}$ ($LXR{\alpha}$) and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c) expression, transcription level of lipogenic genes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in HepG2 cells. JSD markedly reduced palmitate-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. JSD suppressed $LXR{\alpha}$/SREBP-1c expression, and SREBP-1c mediated induction of ACC, FAS, and SCD-1. Furthermore, JSD activated AMPK, which plays a major role in the control of hepatic lipid metabolism. Taken together, it is suggested that JSD has a potential to alleviate hepatic steatosis, at least in part, by suppressing $LXR{\alpha}$/SREBP-1c mediated induction of lipogenic genes. In addtion, the anti-lipogenic potential may be associated with activation of AMPK. Therefore, the Phaseolus angularis seed could be applied as a potential therapeutics for NAFLD with additional clinical studies.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.84-92
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• 2020

For humans, soybean and soybean products are the main dietary sources of isoflvones, which are polyphenolic compounds that represent one of the most common categories of phytoestrogens. The objective of this study was to determine isoflavone concentrations in soybean cultivars during germination when treated with some biotic substances. Three soybean cultivars were germinated in replicated trials in 2018/2019 and their individual and total isoflavone concentrations were determined using HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography). Significant differences were observed in total isoflavone content were observed among cultivars regardless of years and treatments. 'Daepung2-ho' and 'Uram' had significantly higher total isoflavones than 'Pungsannaul-kong'. Differences among treatments were also significant for total isoflavone content. In 2018, with chitosan treatment, total isoflavone concentration ranged from 551.15 to 7584.07 ㎍ g^-1, with an average of 2972.64 ㎍ g^-1 across cultivars. In 2019, there was no significant difference among treatments in total isoflavone content. Regarding individual isoflavone concentrations, the malonyl-glucoside groups accounted for over 85% of the total isoflavone content, which is indicated that these groups play an important role with regard to isoflavone components in soybean seeds. The individual proportions in the total concentrations of isoflavones varied according to germination period and seed tissues. Glucosides and malonyl-glucosides showed differences in concentrations among seed tissues, aglycones were further accumulated as germination period was progressed. This study suggests that biotic substances have an impact on seed isoflavone content during germination. However, cultivars with consistently high or low isoflavone concentrations across biotic substance treatments were identified desspite differences in germination period and seed tissues, demonstrating that the genetic factor plays the most important role in isoflavone accumulation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1983

Flowering time of Pinus rigida Mill and Pinus taeda L, in an $F_1$-hybrid seed orchard was investigated for five years from 1971 through 1975. The two tree species flowered during late April to early May at the observation site, Flowering patterns of the two species of different sex of the same species changed yearly during the five observation years. Floral development of the two species appeared to depend largely on temperature factor during the period of the initiation of floral organs up to flowering provided that other environmental factors are normal. Six-days difference in flowing time between female inflorescence of pitch (flower later) and male inflorescence of loblolly (flower earlier) pines effectively isolated the two species reproductively on population levels. Not all of selected trees of the two species for their synchronized flowering appeared to be useful as parental trees for the establishment of $F_1$-hybrid seed orchards. With the result from this investigation the author suggested to use a modified simple recurrent selection method for pitch-loblolly hybrid pine breeding.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.496-501
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• 2009

In order to promote the efficiency of strawberry breeding programs, pollen viability of strawberry, 'Seolhyang' was investigated using the fluorochromatic reaction test and seed set under controlled environment. Pistil receptivity was also assessed by hand pollination. Four varieties including 'Maehyang' were used for the test of pistil receptivity with 'Seolhyang' as a pollen parent. Pollen viability remained high for several days under dry conditions as below 33% relative humidity while the greatest loss of viability occurred at 76% relative humidity. The viability was rapidly decreased at high humidity and almost all grains were unviable in 7 days after storage. Pollen viability does not appear to be drastically reduced if the relative humidity is low. Therefore, humidity is more important factor than temperature for the pollen viability in Fragaria${\times}$ananassa. The rate of seed set by hand pollination lasted higher than the average of 77.2% from 2 to 8 days after emasculation when the daily average temperature was around $15^{\circ}C$ in plastic house. It began to decline gradually from 10 days and had decreased dramatically after 12 days except several cultivars. Based on the daily mean accumulated temperature, it is recommended to have an artificial pollination between the range of $45{\sim}140^{\circ}C$ after the emasculation to increase the rate of seed set in strawberry.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.348-352
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• 1994

Soybean seed consists of two major storage protein, the 7S and 11S globulins. For improving the quality of soybean seed protein, an increase of 11S/7S ratio would be a desirable objective because the 11S globulin contains much more the sulfur-containing amino acids than the 7S globulin. In this study, some soybean varieties were used to investigate the analyzing method for 7S and 11S globulins. 7S and 11S globulins couble be fractionated by their different solubilities in tris buffers. Adjusting the pH and tris concentration were major factors affecting the precipitation of the two globulins. And it was possible to screen the soybean genotypes having aberrant subunit compositions of the two globulins by an sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of total soybean proteins. The ratio of 11S to 7S globulin ranged from 1.29 to 1.38. This paper also dealed with the contribution of protein components in soybean seeds to the physical properties of soycurd. It indicated that the soycurd from crude 11S was remarkably harder than that from crude 7S, and springiness and cohesiveness were slightly higher in soycurd having higher proportion of 11S. So, it may concluded that proportion of protein components in soybean seed can be important factor which controls the suitability for soycurd or other foods.