• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.598-607
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the intake, preference, and utilization of kimchi in female high school students. A questionnaire was used as the instrument of investigation. The subjects were 371 female high school students in Chonbuk province. More than 80% of the subjects had eaten 8 kinds of kimchies Korean cabbage kimchi, cubed radish kimchi, radish leaves kimchi, green onion kimchi, salted cucumber, watery radish kimchi, radish root & leaves kimchi, and Korean wild radish kimchi. The subjects living in urban areas ate more stalk of sweet potato kimchi and leaf mustard kimchi, however the subjects living in rural areas ate more sedum kimchi. The subjects in large families ate more leaf mustard kimchi and sedum kimchi. The preferred kinds of kimchi were radish kimchi, Korean cabbage kimchi, cubed radish kimchi, and cucumber radish kimchi. Seventy-four point four percent of the subjects liked kimchi, whereas 1.6% of them disliked it. The reason eating kimchi was 'custom'(59.0%), 'taste'(30.7%), 'nutrition'(4.3%), 'traditional flod'(2.7%), and 'parents advice'(2.7%). 38.4% of the subjects in urban area ate kimchi for taste whereas 25.0% of them in rural area did. They prefefrred 'well fermented', 'hot', and 'very pungent' kimchi. The preferred dishes made with kimchi were stir-fried rice with kimchi, kimchi stew, pan-fried kimchi, and rice with bean sprouts & kimchi.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.608-617
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• 2020

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a key virulence determinant in the infection process of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). Pathogen constructs a type III apparatus to translocate effector proteins into host cells, which have various roles in pathogenesis. 4-Hydroxybenozic acid and vanillic acid were identified from root extract of Sedum middendorffianum to have inhibitory effect on promoter activity of hrpA gene encoding the structural protein of the T3SS apparatus. The phenolic acids at 2.5 mM significantly suppressed the expression of hopP1, hrpA, and hrpL in the hrp/hrc gene cluster without growth retardation of Pst DC3000. Auto-agglutination of Pst DC3000 cells, which is induced by T3SS, was impaired by the treatment of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid. Additionally, 2.5 mM of each two phenolic acids attenuated disease symptoms including chlorosis surrounding bacterial specks on tomato leaves. Our results suggest that 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid are potential anti-virulence agents suppressing T3SS of Pst DC3000 for the control of bacterial diseases.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of shading degree and rooting media on the growth of Caragana sinica and Sedum middendorffianum after cutting. In C. sinica, the highest rooting rate was obtained in cuttings planted in horticultural soil (Sunshine Mix #1) and peat moss mixture (peat moss : perlite = 1 : 1, v/v) under one layer of 35% shading and in cuttings planted in kanumatsuchi soil mixture (kanumatsuchi soil : decomposition of granite = 1 : 1, v/v) under non-shading. Whereas, regardless of shading degree, most cuttings of S. middendorffianum rooted in both horticultural soil and peat moss mixture. Cuttings of C. sinica showed the highest root length, 10.4cm in kanumatsuchi soil mixture under one layer of 35% shading but the highest fresh and dry weight of roots in kanumatsuchi soil mixture under non-shading. In S. middendorffianum, the highest root length, fresh and dry weight of root were obtained in cuttings planted in horticultural soil under non-shading. With these results, we recommended that cuttings of C. sinica should be propagated in kanumatsuchi soil mixture under non-shading and cuttings of S. middendorffianum in horticultural soil under non-shading.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 1990

This study was attempted to clarify the taxonomic problems that have been raised up to now in the study o section Telephium, genus, Sedum: the delimitation of taxa belong to Telephium group, their relationship, and nomenclatural confusion and the rank of Telephium group. Specimens were collected at 19 sites in Korea. The habitat, distribution, external morphological characters of habit, leaf shape, phyllotaxy, inflorescence, color of floral organs, floral formula, carpel, capsule, and micro-characters of pollen, seed coat, stigma and anther with SEM were examined. Through this study, the following results were obtained. The delimitation of taxa that belong to section Telephium in Korea and their relationship Nomenclatural errors were corrected. In S. rotundifolium Lee, species epithet“rotundifolium”is later homonym of s. rothundifolium Lamarck, so corrected to S. duckbongii Chung and Kim by article 64 of ICBN. Phyllotaxy was elucidated to meaningless, character in sect. Telephium. S. taquetii was a separate species from S. viridescens and not of its synonym. S. alboroseum Baker in Korea was S. erythrostictum sensu Master not of S. erythrostictum Miquel. By this study , taxa of sect. Telephium in Korea were arranged to 7 species. Considering interspecific relationship of sect. Telephium, S. duckbongii and S. alboroseum are considered to be more advanced forms and S. viridescens, S. taquetii, and S. viviparum to be more primitive forms among 7 species.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.356-370
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• 2008

This study was conducted for screening on antioxidant activity of 429 plants and selecting new potential antioxidant candidates. In vitro test models such as scavenging activity on DPPH radical and inhibitory activity on linoleic acid oxidation were used in the preliminary study. Flower of Sanguisorba officinalis, flower of Sedum kamtschaticum, flower of Rumex obtusifolius, and root of Sedum kamtschaticum showed very effective antioxidant activity on DPPH radical and linoleic acid oxidation. Those plants showed 8.1, 9.4, 9.9, $11{\mu}g/ml$ in DPPH radical scavenging activity as $SC_{50}$ and did 80.4, 80.1, 84.5, 88.0% in inhibition activity on linoleic acid oxidation, respectively. Root of Sedum middendorfianum M. showed positive effects in superoxide radical scavenging activity ($38.4{\mu}g/ml$) and inhibitory effect on $CuSO_4$-induced LDL oxidation (53.8% at final concentration of $1{\mu}g/ml$). Gleditsia japonica Mig. showed high antioxidant activity on LDL oxidation as 71.6% at final concentration of $1{\mu}g/ml$ and total phenol content of 958.5 mg% as tannic acid equivalent. In conclusion, we think that these plants having potent antioxidant activity might be studied further and could be used as new resources for many purposes including healthy food, functional cosmetics and drug development etc.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.157-161
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• 2012

The aim of this research was to investigate the industrial application of Sedum sarmentosum. Antibacterial activities of the n-hexane, methylene chloride (MC), ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions of S. sarmentosum were tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Helicobacter pylori. The MC fraction showed the strongest antibacterial activity against E. coli, with an inhibition zone greater than 13 mm in disc assays. At $100{\mu}g/mL$, all fractions scavenged more than 50% of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals (${\cdot}OH$). In particular, the MC fraction showed the strongest scavenging activity against DPPH and ${\cdot}OH$. In addition, we found that treatment with the MC fraction inhibited the growth of H. pylori and gastric adenocarcinoma cells. The present results suggest that the MC fraction of S. sarmentosum would play the promising protective role against pathogenic bacteria and free radicals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.136-142
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• 2002

Anticarcinogen is one of the major strategies for cancer control. It is well established that dietary factors play an important role in modulating the development of certain types of human cancer. We investiagted the anticarcinogenic effects of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (SS) with Platycodon grandiflorum A. extracts on HepG2, HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. By the MTT assay, among the five partition layers of methanol extract of SS (SSM), the ethylether partition layer of SS (SSMEE) showed the strongest cytotoxic effects on all cell lines. We also investigated the synergistic effect of the combination of SS and PG extracts on growth inhibition of the HepG2, HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines compared to the effects of five partition layers of SSM. Combination of SS and PG extracts significantly increased cytotoxic effects on all cell lines. Therefore, we were able to conclude that ethylether partition layer, SSMEE might have potentially useful cytotoxic materials on all the human cancer cells which we used. And we could suggest that the combination of SS with PG enhanced the anticarcinogenic effect on HepG2, HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. We also determined QR activity of partition layers of SSM, among them, SSMEE on HepG2 cells showed the highest QR activity, 3.21 as control value of 1.0.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2008

For autumn field cutting of Sedum sarmentosum, the effects of cutting site (distal, middle, and proximal) and planting method (space drill seeding, drill seeding, and broadcast seeding) on survival rate and growth characteristics were investigated at pre- and post-winter season. Plant height root length, stem number per plant, number of branch per plant, fresh weight of shoot, and dry weight of shoot were significantly superior in distal site at pre-wintering (40 days after cutting). At post-wintering (May 10th), stem number per plant, fresh weight and dry weight per $m^2$ in cutting of distal site showed a significant increasement compared to the cutting of proximal site. At pre-wintering (40 days after cutting), the growth in space drill seeding was well than that in drill seeding and broadcast seeding, and fresh weight and dry weight per $m^2$ in space drill seeding were high in order of space drill seeding, broadcast seeding, and drill seeding. At post-wintering (May 10th), stem number per plant, fresh weight and dry weight per $m^2$ in space drill seeding were significantly increased than those in drill seeding. Accordingly, the cutting using distal site of stem in autumn field cutting was desirable for the growth and shoot yield. The space drill seeding showed the highest yield potential among three seeding methods, but broadcast seeding was favorable in saving of labor, because the fresh weight of shoot in broadcast seeding was similar in the space drill seeding at post-wintering.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Four cover plants such as Phlox subulata, Glechoma hederacea var. longituba, Sedum middendorffianum and Saxifraga laciniata were evaluated to investigate the effect of companion planting on reducing soil erosion in Chinese cabbage cultivated highland. The experiment was conducted using lysimeters of $5\;m{\times}2\;m$ (length$\times$width) with 5, 15 and 30% slopes. Companion plants except Sedum middendorffianum did not interface with growth of Chinese cabbage Glechoma hederacea var. longituba and Sedum middendorffianum grew faster than Phlox subulata and Saxifraga laciniata in the early growth stage suer transplanting, resulting in fast ground covering, but the ground covering by Phlox subulata and Saxifraga laciniata was delayed because growth suppression by high air temperature during summer season. Soil erosion became severe as increasing degree of slope. Assessments of the four cover plants were conducted in relation to soil conservation characteristic of scenery, endurance to the environment stress, plant growth and weed suppression. From the assessments, Phlox subulata was superior to other intercropping crops tested for reducing soil erosion in highland cultivation of Chinese cabbage.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.580-584
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• 2010

The effect of planting densities on the growth of $Sedum$ $samentosum$ (4 collections) was investigated using nutrient film technique (NFT) with Yamazaki' lettuce nutrient solution (1982) from September 5th to October 24th in non-heating plastic film house. At 40 days, the plant height of 4 collections showed the range of 15.0-18.9 cm, and mean plant height was high the order of $10{\times}10$, $2.5{\times}2.5$, and $5{\times}5cm$. The growth of 'Pohang' and 'Wando' collections was better compared to that of 'Gunsan' and 'Wanju' collections. Number of node, stem diameter, and fresh and dry weight per plant were decreased in higher planting density. Despite the lower fresh weight per plant obtained, the fresh yield per $m^2$ was significantly increased in higher planting density. The mean fresh yield was $14.9kg{\cdot}m^{-2}$ in $2.5{\times}2.5cm$, and 'Pohang' collection showed the highest fresh yield ($17.6kg{\cdot}m^{-2}$). The first optimized harvesting time base on plant height was 30-40 days after NFT culture during autumn season. In eating quality, compression force of stem and bitterness of shoot were decreased in higher planting density. However, the heavy labor demanding high density cutting needs to be improved for hydroponic culture of $S.$ $samentosum$.