• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.181-212
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• 2018

In 2017, the government of Duterte, in the second year of the ruling, more strongly promoted peace and order policies and expressed independent diplomacy as the chairman of ASEAN. He continued to fight against drugs and tried to increase his political legitimacy through the punishment for corrupt officials. He also declared martial law in the Mindanao region because of the dissolution of the Maute group, a Muslim terrorist organization, and strengthened counterterrorism cooperation externally. In addition, as to Communist militants, he took the initial reconciliation gesture and promoted peace negotiations, however, concluded the peace tide and started the suppression operation due to a series of bloodshed. He still has a strong drive in peace and order issues, backed up by high support rate, but it is becoming a factor of anxiety as the socioeconomically underprivileged and minority groups are increasingly alienated. As the chairman of ASEAN, Duterte has a certain distance from the United States, which is a firm ally, but has turned to increase familiarity with China and Russia, which can take substantial economic benefits. Through diversifying the external economic support and increase of tax revenue, the priority task was to establish the infrastructure. Although the Philippines, which has a high economic growth rate, has a strong expectation that it can establish a solid infrastructure, tax reforms should be successfully completed in order not to repeat the previous failures, which has traditionally increased foreign debt burden by relying on external resources. It seems that it is necessary to find the meeting point of the foreign policy of Duterte and new Korean government's New Southern Policy, and to find possible economic cooperation policies to improve Philippine infrastructure.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.81-90
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• 2020

Due to the recent economic development and the improvement of income level in China, the desire for quality medical services is increasing compared to the past. As an alternative to satisfy these needs, various applications using smart phones and the like are being developed. The new corona that occurred in December 2019 began to show great interest in non-face-to-face telemedicine services using smart phones due to the worldwide spread of the coronavirus. Therefore, in this study, a total of 200 people were surveyed on the top three mobile medical applications in China, and the data of 120 people who actually used medical applications were analyzed based on Venkatesh's UTAUT2 theory. A study was conducted on the intent to use and the factors affecting the in-law behavior. First, it has become clear that the interactive characteristics, expectations for effort, price value, interest in privacy, habits, and promotional conditions have a positive impact on the user's use. Second, it was investigated that the user's intention to use influences the behavior of use, and among the intentions of use, it was found that the mobilization characteristic expectation, hedonistic motivation, price value, habits, and promotion conditions affect the use behavior. Third, a study result was derived that the controlling variables such as gender, age, school age, and annual income do not affect the user's intention to use mobile medical applications as a controlling variable. Finally, due to the nature of mobile devices that use the Internet, various security vulnerabilities exist, and this can cause great damage or personal and social impact. Therefore, for the development of mobile medical services in China, it is necessary to re-establish a research model through comprehensive and in-depth considerations to supplement these problems in the future.

• Maritime Security
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.237-255
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• 2021

This article analyzed maritime territorial policies in Korea. Marine territory originally refers to the topography of the subsoil in a country's territorial sea. From a political perspective, it is a broad concept that includes islands and polar regions beyond the jurisdiction of Korean sovereignty or sovereign rights, such as territorial waters, EEZs, and continental shelves. Also, Korean researchers use "maritime territory" as a term for maritime zones that stretch from Ieodo (Korean EEZ) to Dokdo Island. The purpose of this study is to review the concepts of various domestic maritime territories and examine the formation and change of policies. The article is structured as follows. Chapter 2 reviews past discussions on maritime territories and analyzes the concept of maritime territory based on them. The term "maritime territory" is used indiscriminately with islands due to the lack of discussion on this matter between academic circles in the past. Therefore, this chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the concept of maritime territory. Chapter 3 tracks the formation and change of maritime territorial policies. Today, the concept of domestic maritime territory has been completed in the public domain. The activities of the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, the control tower of domestic maritime territorial policies, are summarized to explain this concept. Chapter 4 analyzes the concept of maritime territory by comparing it with China's blue state territory (藍色國土). As China's concept of blue state territory has many similarities with maritime territory as a political base for China's maritime activities today, comparing these two concepts would be significant. Based on the above, Chapter 5 derives suggestions to promote maritime territorial policies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.377-388
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• 2022

Metaverse, realistic virtual space technology has become a hot topic. However, due to the lack of an institutional system to the metaverse environment, concerns are rising over the leakage of industrial confidentiality, including digital assets produced, stored, processed, and transferred within the metaverse. Digital forensics, a technology to defend against hacking attacks in cyberspace, cannot be used in metaverse space, and there is no basis for calculating the extent of damage and tracking responsibility, making it difficult to respond to human resources leakage and cyberhacking effectively. In this paper, we define the scope of industrial confidentiality information and leakage scenario and propose policy and institutional measures based on problems in each metaverse scenario. As a result of the study, it was necessary to prepare a standardized law on Extra-territorial search and seizure issues and a system for collecting cryptocurrency evidence to respond to industrial confidentiality leaks in the metaverse. The study expects to contribute to industrial technology development by preparing in advance for problems that may arise in metaverse technology.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.815-824
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• 2022

The current radiation safety management system is also applied to radiation practices at universities. The application of the law raised concerns about poor radiation practice education and hindering the development of radiology. Accordingly, the Korean Radiology Professors Association needed to grasp the reality of the management system for radiation practice education at each university and the current radiation safety management system in the department of Radiological science. So, a survey was conducted on heads of radiological science departments across the country. Through the survey, it was found that the current application of the Nuclear Safety Act to radiation safety management in the department of Radiological science is excessively restrictive and not very effective. In addition, radiology practice education for the purpose of training health and medical professionals should be controlled by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Korea Centers for Disease Control, but there is a problem of being supervised by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission. Therefore, in this study, as a legal improvement plan to solve this problem, first, a plan according to a partial amendment to the Higher Education Act, second, a plan to be supervised by the Ministry of Health and Welfare through the amendment of article 37 of the Medical Service Act, third, article 20-2 of the Enforcement Decree of the Medical Service Technologists Act was newly inserted to propose three measures to be supervised by the Ministry of Health and Welfare.

• Maritime Security
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.85-112
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• 2022

The maritime blockade has long been used as a means of war in that it serves as a bridge for economic warfare by paralyzing enemy maritime transport, although it is not a decisive battle, and in the Korean War, U.N. forces have achieved significant results in the war with limited maritime blockade through the Clark Line. However, with China emerging as a maritime powers based on its strong naval power, there is a lack of consideration on how to set up a blockade to block maritime activities and how to respond neutral ships or carrying wartime contraband products if war breaks out again on the Korean Peninsula, In addition, since maritime blockade should be used as a sensitive and flexible naval force projection in that it has interests with neutral countries, it should be carefully reviewed in that it can be used only through careful and reasonable judgment considering the principle of ensuring the legality of maritime blockade Therefore, in this study, Reexamine the process of change in the application of the International Law of Blockade, and through this, Derive the basic principle of ensuring the legitimacy of maritime blockade. In addition, by reviewing the application of these basic principles in the waters off the Korean Peninsula at wartime, we presented answers to research questions by reviewing what needs to be done to neutral ships and ships carrying wartime contraband products, and considered the implications for us

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.161-168
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• 2023

Recently, China-Taiwan relations are facing a crisis, and at the same time, the U.S.-China relationship and the structure of Northeast Asia are greatly shaken, so we should pay attention to changes in cross-strait relations. This study aims to predict how cross-strait relations will change after the party convention by analyzing Xi Jinping's Taiwan policy, focusing on the "Political Report" of the 20th party convention and the content analysis of leadership personnel. The results of the study are as follows. First, as the amendment to the party constitution announced after the closing of the party convention stipulates the possibility of armed invasion, Xi Jinping will implement a tough Taiwan policy emphasizing unification. Second, strategic competition with the United States will continue to intensify in the future when analyzing the contents of Chapters 2, 11, 13, and 14 of the "Political Reporting" and the personnel management of diplomatic and security leadership. As a result, cross-strait relations are expected to show instability for a considerable period of time. Third, at a time when Taiwan rejects the unification plan of "one country, two systems" and the tendency to de-Chineseize is strengthening, there is a possibility that legislation or specific enforcement ordinances will be enacted to strengthen the existing "Anti-Secession Law." Fourth, it is expected that strong and warm two-sided strategies will be used together, such as taking a strong response to external forces interfering with the Taiwan issue and Taiwan independence forces, and using incentives for the Kuomintang(KMT) and Taiwanese who are friendly to unification.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.141-156
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• 2023

Background: As the population rapidly ages, older adults are increasingly likely to experience mobility problems. This study aims to explore the characteristics related to an elderly person's willingness to live in a nursing home if they have mobility problems Methods: This study analyzed data from 9,917 older adults (5,976 young-old and 3,941 old-old) obtained from the 2020 National Survey of Older Koreans. The dependent variable was the intended place of residence for older adults with mobility problems. Independent variables included various characteristics: (1) sociodemographic and social support, (2) health and functional status, and (3) residential environment. Rao-Scott chi-square tests and survey logistic regression analyses were performed for the young-old and old-old, respectively. Results: The intention to live in a nursing home was significantly different between the young-old (30.4%) and the old-old (34.7%) (p=0.009). According to fully adjusted multivariable analyses, for the young-old, the odds ratio of intending to live in a nursing home was significantly higher in social security benefit recipients (1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.97) compared to other individuals. The odds ratio was higher in unmarried (divorced, separated, widowed, or never-married) individuals for both young-old (1.41; 95% CI, 1.22-1.63) and old-old (1.34; 95% CI, 1.09-1.65) age groups, compared to their respective married counterparts. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that in an aging society, health and social policies should be designed considering the different characteristics of the elderly to improve their health, function, and quality of life.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.183-192
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the determining factors (economy, security, domestic politics, administration, and international politics) that affect the ROK-US defense cost sharing decision. Through this, we will gain a deeper understanding of the defense cost sharing decision process and improve the efficiency of defense cost sharing calculation and execution. The scope of the study is ROK-US defense cost sharing from 1991 to 2021. The data used in the empirical analysis were various secondary data such as Ministry of National Defense, government statistical data, SIPRI, and media reports. As an empirical analysis method, multiple regression analysis using time series was used and the data was analyzed using an autoregressive model. As a result of empirical research through multiple regression analysis, we derived the following results. It was analyzed that the size of Korea's economy, that is, GDP, the previous year's defense cost share, and the number of U.S. troops stationed in Korea had a positive influence on the decision on defense cost sharing. This indicates that Korea's economic growth is a major factor influencing the increase in defense cost sharing, and that the gradual increase in the budget and the negotiation method of the Special Agreement (SMA) for cost sharing of stationing US troops in Korea play an important role. On the other hand, the political tendencies of the ruling party, North Korea's military threats, and China's defense budget were found to have no statistically significant influence on the decision to share defense costs.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.67-106
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• 2012

Today air traffic at the airport is complicated including a significant increase in the volume of air transport, so aviation accidents are constantly occurring. Therefore, we should newly recognize importance of the Air Traffic Safety, the core values of the Air Traffic. The location of airport that is the basic infrastructure of the air traffic and the security of safety for facilities and equipments are more important than what you can. From this dimension, I analyze the step-by-step safety factors that are taken into account in the airport development projects from the construction or improvement of the airport within the current laws and institutions and give my opinion on the enhancement of safety in the design and construction of airport. The safety of air traffic, as well as airport, depends on location, development, design, construction, inspection and management of the airport including airport facilities because we have to carry out the national responsibility that prevents the risk of large social overhead capital for many and unspecified persons in modern society through legislation regarding intervention of specialists and locational criteria for aviation safety from the planning stage of airport development. In addition, well-defined installation standards of airports and air navigation facilities, the key points of the airport development phase, can ensure the safety of the airport and airport facilities. Of course, the installation standards of airport and air navigation facilities are based on the global standard due to the nature of air traffic. However, to prevent the chaos for the safety standards in design, construction, inspection of them and to ensure the aviation safety, the safety standards must be further subdivided in the course of domestic legislation. The criteria for installation of the Air Navigation facilities is regulated most specifically. However, to ensure the safety of the operation for Air Navigation Facilities, performance system proved suitable for the Safety of Air Navigation Facilities must change over from arbitrary restrictions to mandatory restrictions and be applied for foreign producers as well as domestic producers. Of course, negligence of pilots and defective aircraft maintenance lead to a large portion of the aviation accidents. However, I think that air traffic accidents can be reduced if the airport or airport facility is perfect enough to ensure the safety. Therefore, legal and institutional supplement to prioritize the aviation safety from the stage of airport development may be necessary.