• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.396-409
• /
• 2012

With the proliferation of diverse wireless devices, there is an increasing concern about the security of location information which can be spoofed or disrupted by adversaries. This paper investigates the characterization and detection of location spoofing attacks, specifically those which are attempting to falsify (degrade) the position estimate through signal strength based attacks. Since the physical-layer approach identifies and assesses the security risk of position information based solely on using received signal strength (RSS), it is applicable to nearly any practical wireless network. In this paper, we characterize the impact of signal strength and beamforming attacks on range estimates and the resulting position estimate. It is shown that such attacks can be characterized by a scaling factor that biases the individual range estimators either uniformly or selectively. We then identify the more severe types of attacks, and develop an attack detection approach which does not rely on a priori knowledge (either statistical or environmental). The resulting approach, which exploits the dissimilar behavior of two RSS-based estimators when under attack, is shown to be effective at detecting both types of attacks with the detection rate increasing with the severity of the induced location error.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 2001

In this paper, we investigate criteria for evaluating cryptographic strength based on randomness testing of the advanced encryption standard candidates, which have conducted by NIST(National Institute of Standards & Technology). It is difficult to prove that a given cryptographic algorithm meets sufficient conditions or requirements for provable security. The statistical testing of random number generators is one of methods to evaluate cryptographic strength and is based on statistical properties of random number generators. We apply randomness testing on several cryptographic algorithms that have not been tested by NIST and find criteria for evaluating cryptographic strength from the results of randomness testing. We investigate two criteria, one is the number of rejected samples and the other is the p-value from p-values of the samples.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.411-421
• /
• 2014

A central pullout test was conducted to investigate the bonding properties between high strength rebar and reactive powder concrete (RPC), which covered ultimate pullout load, ultimate bonding stress, free end initial slip, free end slip at peak load, and load-slip curve characteristics. The effects of varying rebar buried length, thickness of protective layer and diameter of rebars on the bonding properties were studied, and how to determine the minimum thickness of protective layer and critical anchorage length was suggested according the test results. The results prove that: 1) Ultimate pull out load and free end initial slip load increases with increase in buried length, while ultimate bonding stress and slip corresponding to the peak load reduces. When buried length is increased from 3d to 4d(d is the diameter of rebar), after peak load, the load-slip curve descending segment declines faster, but later the load rises again exceeding the first peak load. When buried length reaches 5d, rebar pull fracture occurs. 2) As thickness of protective layer increases, the ultimate pull out load, ultimate bond stress, free end initial slip load and the slip corresponding to the peak load increase, and the descending section of the curve becomes gentle. The recommended minimum thickness of protective layer for plate type members should be the greater value between d and 10 mm, and for beams or columns the greater value between d and 15 mm. 3) Increasing the diameter of HRB500 rebars leads to a gentle slope in the descending segment of the pullout curve. 4) The bonding properties between high strength steel HRB500 and RPC is very good. The suggested buried length for test determining bonding strength between high strength rebars and RPC is 4d and a formula to calculate the critical anchorage length is established. The relationships between ultimate bonding stress and thickness of protective layer or the buried length was obtained.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2010

Recent technological advances allow us to envision a future where large numbers of low-power, inexpensive sensor devices are densely embedded in the physical environment, operating together in a wireless network. This paper considers localization for mobile sensors; localization must be invoked periodically to enable the sensors to track their location. Localizing more frequently allows the sensors to more accurately track their location in the presence of mobility. In this paper, we test and analyze the accuracy of a moving node localization by Received Signal Strength (RSS).

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.57
• /
• pp.85-110
• /
• 2018

The bodyguard is continuously training basic physical training and security art martial to protect the privacy of security target, prepare and deal with external contingencies and threats. Currently, university students majoring in security are required to take a judo class, one of their security art martial, which can use a technology to catch, crush and repress opponent. Therefore, this study identified the effects of systematic training on body composition, Performance fitness, growth hormones, and IGF-1 among male university students through a 10-week judo training program so that it was committed to providing objective data to enhance the value of judo as a security art martial and as a result, we have a conclusion as follows: After 10 weeks of judo training, muscle mass increased significantly, and body fat rate and BMI decreased significantly. The muscular strength and power of Performance fitness were shown to increase significantly, and growth hormones were shown to increase significantly. In total, the above results showed that for judo training university students, overall body composition improved positively, the muscular strength and power of active physical fitness improved, and growth hormones increased. Thus, the increase in muscle strength and growth hormones through judo training will encourage fat breakdown due to the development of the body's muscles and increase bone density in the spine, thereby reducing the risk of fractures and preventing injury to the trainees who are performing a security art martial. It will also greatly help your health by preventing obesity, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, which eventually will enhance your bodyguard function and prolong your life as a bodyguard.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.24-37
• /
• 2009

In the political and economic circles of our society, the security and secretary is always accompanying the society leaders, like shadows. The job of the security and secretary is a very difficult one that requires comprehensive and extensive capability and talent. From results of the prior studies, qualities of the security and secretary are divided into three groups. i.e. personal qualities, mental qualities and physical qualities. Each quality can be summarized as follows. Firstly, personal qualities mean honesty, responsibility, initiative, work ethic, sense of duty, modest attitude, kindness and loyalty. Secondly, mental qualities represent agility & composure, judgement, adaptability, memory, prediction, accuracy & reliability, observation and secret. Finally, physical qualities such as health, cleanliness, decent appearance, good feeling voice, physical strength and Martial arts for Protection. The security and secretary equipped with the above three requisites can be said to be the most ideal the security and secretary whom this age want and need.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.20
• /
• pp.199-228
• /
• 2009

National security of post cold-war since 1990's shift that conception of the national security transfer traditional military strength to economic strength. Accordingly, the national interest about how to protect the of the high-technology industry enterprises has become contentious social issue. The U.S. and advanced countries promote the policy to protect The United State's Economic Espionage Act(EEA). The Korea reaching to high level a field at IT, Shipbuilding, Steel, Automobile Industry and huge capital investment to high-technology & development. But, systematic industry security activity not an unfold. So private investigator collect the evidence and information of business case for prevent danger is efficient. The private investigator system, deal with the matter efficiently, will good system to prevent economic loss of business, state and nation through make a good use in business crime that machinery of law difficult to intervene. This article countermeasure about industry spy through make a good use of private investigator.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2024

Multivariate Quadratic (MQ)-based digital signature schemes have advantages such as ease of implementation and small signature sizes, making them promising candidates for post-quantum cryptography. To enhance the efficiency of such MQ-based digital signature schemes, utilizing sparse matrices have been proposed, including HiMQ, which has been standardized by Korean Telecommunications Technology Association standard. However, HiMQ shares a similar key structure with Rainbow, which is a representative MQ-based digital signature scheme and was broken by the MinRank attack proposed in 2022. While HiMQ was standardized by a TTA and recommended parameters were provided, these parameters were based on cryptanalysis as of 2020, without considering recent attacks. In this paper, we examine attacks applicable to MQ-based digital signatures, specifically targeting HiMQ, and perform a security analysis. The most effective attack against HiMQ is the combined attack, an improved version of the MinRank attack proposed in 2022, and none of the three recommended parameters satisfy the desired security strength. Furthermore, HiMQ-128 and HiMQ-160 do not meet the minimum security strength requirement of 128-bit security level.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.57 no.4
• /
• pp.706-714
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we suggest a practical and flexible system architecture for JTAG(Joint Test Action Group) protection of application processors. From the view point of security, the debugging function through JTAG port can be abused by malicious users, so the internal structures and important information of application processors, and the sensitive information of devices connected to an application processor can be leak. This paper suggests a system architecture that disables computing power of computers used to attack processors to reveal important information. For this, a user authentication method is used to improve security strength by checking the integrity of boot code that is stored at boot memory, on booting time. Moreover for user authorization, we share hard wired secret key cryptography modules designed for functional operation instead of hardwired public key cryptography modules designed for only JTAG protection; this methodology allows developers to design application processors in a cost and power effective way. Our experiment shows that the security strength can be improved up to $2^{160}{\times}0.6$second when using 160-bit secure hash algorithm.

• Review of KIISC
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2018

Passphrases are considered to be more secure than passwords since they are longer than passwords. However, users choose predictable word patterns and common phrases to make passphrases memorable, which in turn significantly lowers security. While random passphrases appear to be stronger, surprisingly they are neither strong nor memorable. In this paper, we present the latest passphrase research, and introduce a new way to create a passphrase using mnemonics. Passphrase generation using mnemonics shows promising results in improving both strength and memorability.