• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.157-184
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• 2018

The study has applied the four stage "Model of State Behavior in Crisis" to trace the post 9/11 crisis foreign policy decision making process in Pakistan. It argues that ominous attacks on the United States by al-Qaeda and subsequent declaration of President Bush to fight against terrorism transformed the global and regional politico-security dimensions at t1 stage. Being a neighboring country, Pakistan's support was inevitable in the war on terror and Washington applied coercive diplomacy to win the cooperation from Islamabad. Consequently, in case of decline to accept American demands, Pakistan perceived threat to basic values/objectives of the country and simultaneous time pressure amplified the psychological stress in decision makers at t2 stage. Therefore, the decisional forum was setup at t3 stage and Pakistan decided to join the United States at t4 stage, which defused the foreign policy crisis.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.237-247
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the social determinants of health (SDH) associated with health-related quality of life (HQOL) among the community-dwelling elderly, based on the conceptual framework of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH). Methods: A survey was conducted with 199 elders aged 65 years or older sampled through convenient sampling. Data were collected through face to face interviews by trained interviewers using a structured questionnaire, which included scales of the residential area, social support, sense of community, social network, health behaviors, and HQOL. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and stepwise multivariate regression. Results: Major SDH affecting HQOL included the participants' residential area, sense of community, and health behavior. The HQOL of the elderly residing in the B area with a low rate of basic livelihood security recipients was higher than that of those residing in other areas. Conclusion: CSDH framework was useful to determine the factors associated with HQOL among the community-dwelling elderly. In addition to their health behavior, their sense of community was found to be a SDH of HQOL, indicating the need of health promotion programs tailored to the characteristics of residential areas and strategies to enhance involvement in community activities.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.1030-1036
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• 2006

The rapid proliferation of wireless networks and mobile computing applications has changed the landscape of network security. Anomaly detection is a pattern recognition task whose goal is to report the occurrence of abnormal or unknown behavior in a given system being monitored. This paper presents an efficient rough set based anomaly detection method that can effectively identify a group of especially harmful internal masqueraders in cellular mobile networks. Our scheme uses the trace data of wireless application layer by a user as feature value. Based on the feature values, the use pattern of a mobile's user can be captured by rough sets, and the abnormal behavior of the mobile can be also detected effectively by applying a roughness membership function considering weighted feature values. The performance of our scheme is evaluated by a simulation. Simulation results demonstrate that the anomalies are well detected by the method that assigns different weighted values to feature attributes depending on importance.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.5-14
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• 2015

Suction affects the unsaturated soil as the negative pore pressure, and leads to increases of the yield stress and the plastic shear stiffness of the soil skeleton due to the growth in interparticle stress. Hence, in this study, in order to account for these effects of suction under the dynamic loading condition such as the earthquake, the element simulation of the cyclic triaxial test using induced stress-strain relation based on cyclic elasto-plastic constitutive model extended for unsaturated soil considering the $1^{st}$ and the $2^{nd}$ yield functions was conducted. Through the stress path, stress-strain relation and relation between volumetric strain and axial strain, it was seen in all the cases that the simulation results demonstrated a good agreement with the experimental results. It is expected that the results of this study possibly contribute to the accuracy improvement on the prediction of unsaturated soil behavior under the dynamic loading condition.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.781-789
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• 2016

Busbar has been used as electric conductor within extra high voltage (EHV) gas insulated switchgear (GIS), which makes EHV GIS higher security, smaller size and lower cost. However, the main fault of GIS is overheating of busbar connection parts, circuit breaker and isolating switch contact parts, which has been already restricting development of GIS to a large extent. In this study, a coupled magneto-flow-thermal analysis is used to investigate the thermal properties of GIS busbar in steady-state. A three-dimensional (3-D) finite element model (FEM) is built to calculate multiphysics fields including electromagnetic field, flow field and thermal field in steady-state. The influences of current on the magnetic flux density, flow velocity and heat distribution has been investigated. Temperature differences of inner wall and outer wall are investigated for busbar tank and conducting rod. Considering the end effect in the busbar, temperature rise difference is compared between end sections and the middle section. In order to obtain better heat dissipation effect, diameters of conductor and tank are optimized based on temperature rise simulation results. Temperature rise tests have been done to validate the 3-D simulation model, which is observed a good correlation with the simulation results. This study provides technical support for optimized structure of the EHV GIS busbar.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.11C no.3
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• pp.301-308
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• 2004

Misuse IDS is known to have an acceptable accuracy but suffers from high rates of false alarms. We show a behavior based alarm reduction with a memory-based machine learning technique. Our extended form of IBL, (XIBL) examines SNORT alarm signals if that signal is worthy sending signals to security manager. An experiment shows that there exists an apparent difference between true alarms and false alarms with respect to XIBL behavior This gives clear evidence that although an attack in the network consists of a sequence of packets, decisions over Individual packet can be used in conjunction with misuse IDS for better performance.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2017

Hexavalent chromium is a bio accumulative toxic metal in water and fish. It enters aquaculture ponds mainly through anthropogenic sources. Hexavalent chromium concentrations and its effects on the morphology and behavior of Clarias gariepinus were investigated from four aquaculture ponds for 12 weeks. Chromium was measured using diphenyl carbohdrazide method; alkalinity and hardness were measured using colometric method and analyzed with Bench Photometer. Temperature and pH were measured using pH/EC/TDS/Temp combined tester. Temporal and spatial replications of samples were done with triplicates morphological and behavioural effects of the metal on fish were observed visually. Chromium ranged from no detection to 0.05 mg/L, alkalinity 105 to 245 mg/L, hardness 80 to 165 mg/L, pH 6.35 to 8.03 and temperature 29.1 to $35.9^{\circ}C$. Trend in the chromium concentrations in the ponds is natural > earthen > concrete > collapsible. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in chromium, alkalinity, water hardness, pH and temperature among the four ponds. Significant positive correlation also existed between alkalinity, water hardness, pH, with chromium. Morphological and behavioural changes observed in the fish include irregular swimming, frequent coming to the surface, dark body colouration, mucous secretion on the body, erosion of gill epithelium, fin disintegration, abdominal distension and lethargy. High chromium concentration in natural pond was due to anthropogenic run-off of materials in to the pond. Acidic pH, low alkalinity, low water hardness also contributed to the high chromium concentration. Morphological and behavioural changes observed were attributed to the high concentrations, toxicity and bio accumulative effect of the metal. Toxicity of chromium to fish in aquaculture could threaten food security. Watershed best management practices and remediation could be adopted to reduce the effects of toxicity of chromium on pond water quality, fish flesh quality and fish welfare.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2015

With the increased frequency of crime such as assaults and sexual violence, the reliance on CCTV in arresting criminals has increased as well. However, CCTV, which should be monitored by human labor force at all times, has limits in terms of budget and man-power. Thereby, the interest in intelligent security system is growing nowadays. Expanding the techniques of an objects behavior recognition in previous studies, we propose a system to detect forms of violence between 2~3 objects from images obtained in CCTV. It perceives by detecting the object with the difference operation and the morphology of the background image. The determinant criteria to define violent behaviors are suggested. Moreover, provable decision metric values through measurements of the number of violent condition are derived. As a result of the experiments with the threshold values, showed more than 80% recognition success rate. A future research for abnormal behaviors recognition system in a crowded circumstance remains to be developed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2016

This study examined the nursing student's preliminary knowledge and awareness of patient's personal information protection. 187 respondents, who were trained in 2 different nursing colleges in Kyungpook province, participated in the survey from May 18 to June 12, 2015. Using the data collected, descriptive statistics, T-test and one-way ANOVA were implemented. As a result, the student nurses, who had heard about the Personal Information Protection Act showed a significantly higher awareness score of patient's personal information protection behavior than those who did not. The respondents educated in personal information protection were reported to have a higher score of awareness about the patient's personal information protection behavior. In this regard, it is vital for university organizers to develop education associated with ethics and information security, which could enhance the perceptions of personal information protection for student nurses before their working career begins.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.473-480
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• 2019

The smart home is a technology that can monitor and control by connecting everything to a communication network in various fields such as home appliances, energy consumers, and security devices. The Smart home is developing not only automatic control but also learning situation and user's taste and providing the result accordingly. This paper proposes a model that can provide a comfortable indoor environment control service for the user's characteristics by detecting the user's behavior as well as the automatic remote control service. The whole system consists of ESP 8266 with sensor and Wi-Fi, Firebase as a real-time database, and a smartphone application. This model is divided into functions such as learning mode when the home appliance is operated, learning control through learning results, and automatic ventilation using indoor and outdoor sensor values. The study used moving averages for temperature and humidity in the control of home appliances such as air conditioners, humidifiers and air purifiers. This system can provide higher quality service by analyzing and predicting user's characteristics through various machine learning and deep learning.