• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.4 s.36
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• pp.239-248
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• 2005

The reliability and efficiency of network must be considered in the large scale wireless sensor networks. Broadcast method must be used rather than unicast method to enhance the reliability of networks. In recently proposed GRAB (GRAdient Broadcast) can certainly enhance reliability of networks fy using broadcast but its efficiency regarding using energy of network is low due to using only one sink. Hence, the lifetime of networks is reduced. In the paper we propose the scheme of SMSGB (Selective Multi Sink Gradient Broadcast) which uses single sink of multi-sink networks. The broadcast based SMSGB can secure reliability of large scale wireless sensor networks. The SMSGB can also use the network's energy evenly via multi sink distribution. Our experiments show that using SMSGB was reliable as GRAB and it increased the network's lifetime by 18% than using GRAB.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.13C no.5 s.108
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• pp.541-548
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• 2006

Sensor network is a network for realizing the ubiquitous computing circumstances, which aggregates data by means of observation or detection deployed at the inaccessible places with the capacities of sensing and communication. To realize this circumstance, data which sensor nodes gathered from sensor networks are delivered to users, in which it is required to encrypt the data for the guarantee of secure communications. Therefore, it is needed to design key management scheme for encoding appropriate to the sensor nodes which feature continual data transfer, limited capacity of computation and storage and battery usage. We propose a key management scheme which is appropriate to sensor networks organizing hierarchical architecture. Because sensor nodes send data to their parent node, we can reduce routing energy. We assume that sensor nodes have different security levels by their levels in hierarchy. Our key management scheme provides different key establishment protocols according to the security levels of the sensor nodes. We reduce the number of sensor nodes which share the same key for encryption so that we reduce the damage by key exposure. Also, we propose key update protocols which take different terms for each level to update established keys efficiently for secure data encoding.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.2207-2216
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• 2012

Recently, wireless Internet environment with mobile phones and wireless sensor networks with severe resource restrictions have been actively studied. Moreover, an overall security issues are essential to build a reliable and secure sensor network. One of secure solution is to develop a fast cryptographic algorithm for data encryption. Therefore, we propose a 128-bit stream cipher, AA128 which has efficient implementation of software and hardware and is suitable for real-time applications such as wireless Internet environment with mobile phones, wireless sensor networks and Digital Right Management (DRM). AA128 is stream cipher which consists of 278-bit ASR and non-linear transformation. Non-linear transformation consists of Confusion Function, Nonlinear transformation(SF0 ~ SF3) and Whitening. We show that the proposed stream cipher AA128 is faster than AES and Salsa20, and it satisfies the appropriate security requirements. Our hardware simulation result indicates that the proposed cipher algorithm can satisfy the speed requirements of real-time processing applications.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.267-272
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• 2016

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are vulnerable to external intrusions due to the wireless communication characteristics and limited hardware resources. Thus, the attacker can cause sinkhole attack while intruding the network. INSENS is proposed for preventing the sinkhole attack. INSENS uses the three symmetric keys in order to prevent such sinkhole attacks. However, the sinkhole attack occurs again, even in the presence of INSENS, through the compromised node because INSENS does not consider the node being compromised. In this paper, we propose a method to counter the sinkhole attack by considering the compromised node, based on the neighboring nodes' information. The goals of the proposed method are i) network reliability improvement and ii) energy conservation through effective prevention of the sinkhole attack by detecting compromised nodes. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can save up to, on average, 19.90% of energy while increasing up to, on average, 71.50%, the report reliability against internal sinkhole attacks in comparison to INSENS.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.2213-2231
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• 2013

Compressed sensing is a novel technology used in the field of wireless communication and sensor networks for channel estimation, signal detection, data gathering, network monitoring, and other applications. It plays a significant role in highly secure, real-time, well organized, and cost-effective data communication in smart-grid (SG) systems, which consist of multi-tier network standards that make it challenging to synchronize in power management communication. In this paper, we present a multi-layer communication model for SG systems and propose compressed-sensing based data transmission at every layer of the SG system to improve data transmission performance. Our approach is to utilize the compressed-sensing procedure at every layer in a controlled manner. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed monitoring devices need less transmission power than conventional systems. Additionally, secure, reliable, and real-time data transmission is possible with the compressed-sensing technique.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2010

Rapid technological advances in the area of micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) have spurred the development of small inexpensive sensors capable of intelligent sensing. A significant amount of research has been done in the area of connecting large numbers of these sensors to create robust and scalable Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The resource scarcity, ad-hoc deployment, and immense scale of WSNs make secure communication a particularly challenging problem. Since the primary consideration for sensor networks is energy efficiency, security schemes must balance their security features against the communication and computational overhead required to implement them. In this paper, we combine location information and probability to create a new security aware multipath geographic routing protocol. The implemented result in network simulator (ns-2) showed that our protocol has a better performance under attacks.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.4367-4386
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• 2015

The concept of Internet of Things (IoT) has shed new light on WSN technologies. MAC protocol issues improving the network performance are important in WSNs because of the increase in demand for various applications to secure spectrum resources. Cognitive radio (CR) technology is regarded as a solution to the problems in this future wireless network. In recent years, energy efficiency has become an issue in CR networks. However, few relevant studies have been conducted. In this paper, an energy-efficient non-overlapping channel MAC (ENC-MAC) for CR-enabled sensor networks (CRSNs) is proposed. Applying the dedicated control channel approach, ENC-MAC allows the SUs to utilize channels in a non-overlapping manner, and thus spectrum efficiency is improved. Moreover, the cooperative spectrum sensing that allows an SU to use only two minislots in the sensing phase is addressed to en-hance energy efficiency. In addition, an analytical model for evaluating the performance, such as saturation throughput, average packet delay, and network lifetime, is developed. It is shown in our results that ENC-MAC remarkably outperforms existing MAC protocols.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1706-1727
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• 2023

Under Water Sensor Networks (UWSN) has gained attraction among various communities for its potential applications like acoustic monitoring, 3D mapping, tsunami detection, oil spill monitoring, and target tracking. Unlike terrestrial sensor networks, it performs an acoustic mode of communication to carry out collaborative tasks. Typically, surface sink nodes are deployed for aggregating acoustic phenomena collected from the underwater sensors through the multi-hop path. In this context, UWSN is constrained by factors such as lower bandwidth, high propagation delay, and limited battery power. Also, the vulnerabilities to compromise the aquatic environment are in growing numbers. The paper proposes an Energy-Efficient standalone Intrusion Detection System (EEIDS) to entail the acoustic environment against malicious attacks and improve the network lifetime. In EEIDS, attributes such as node ID, residual energy, and depth value are verified for forwarding the data packets in a secured path and stabilizing the nodes' energy levels. Initially, for each node, three agents are modeled to perform the assigned responsibilities. For instance, ID agent verifies the node's authentication of the node, EN agent checks for the residual energy of the node, and D agent substantiates the depth value of each node. Next, the classification of normal and malevolent nodes is performed by determining the score for each node. Furthermore, the proposed system utilizes the sheep-flock heredity algorithm to validate the input attributes using the optimized probability values stored in the training dataset. This assists in finding out the best-fit motes in the UWSN. Significantly, the proposed system detects and isolates the malicious nodes with tampered credentials and nodes with lower residual energy in minimal time. The parameters such as the time taken for malicious node detection, network lifetime, energy consumption, and delivery ratio are investigated using simulation tools. Comparison results show that the proposed EEIDS outperforms the existing acoustic security systems.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.14-24
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• 2010

Because WSNs operate with limited resources of sensor nodes, its life is extended by cluster-based routing methods. In this study, we use data on direction, distance, density and residual energy in order to maximize the energy efficiency of cluster-based routing methods. Through this study, we expect to minimize the frequency of isolated nodes when selecting a new cluster head autonomously using information on the direction of the upper cluster head, and to reduce energy consumption by switching sensor nodes, which are included in both of the new cluster and the previous cluster and thus do not need to update information, into the sleep mode and updating information only for newly included sensor nodes at the setup phase using distance data. Furthermore, we enhance overall network efficiency by implementing secure and energy-efficient communication through key management robust against internal and external attacks in cluster-based routing techniques. This study suggests the modified cluster head selection scheme which uses the conserved energy in the steady-state phase by reducing unnecessary communications of unchanged nodes between selected cluster head and previous cluster head in the setup phase, and thus prolongs the network lifetime and provides secure and equal opportunity for being cluster head.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1247-1260
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• 2021

For more efficient energy management of nodes in wireless sensor networks, research has been conducted on mobile sink nodes that deliver data from sensor nodes to server recently. UAV (Unmanned Aerial vehicle) is used as a representative mobile sink node. Also, most studies on UAV propose algorithms for calculating optimal paths and have produced rapid advances in the IoD (Internet of Drones) environment. At the same time, some papers proposed mutual authentication and secure key exchange considering nature of the IoD, which requires efficient creation of multiple nodes and session keys in security perspective. However, most papers that proposed secure communication in mobile sink nodes did not protect end-to-end data privacy. Therefore, in this paper, we propose integrated security model that authentication between mobile sink nodes and sensor nodes to securely relay sensor data to base stations. Also, we show informal security analysis that our scheme is secure from various known attacks. Finally, we compare communication overhead with other key exchange schemes previously proposed.