• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2019

Purpose - This paper aims to analyze the difference of technological innovative pattern by industry. Research design and methodology - we try to identify the major factors which can exert an effective influence on actual innovation output, utilizing the result of Korean Innovation Survey. By doing so, this work can make a comparison with Pavitt (1984) and succeeding discussion on sectoral pattern of innovation Results - Analysis on major industry in Korea shows that there are substantial differences in terms of the source of innovation, organization-related factor, and appropriation mechanism among each industry, and differential strategy to be proper for the nature of each industry is needed. There is some variation within industries which deemed as same type of sector defined by Pavitt. Conclusions - This analysis call for elaborate analysis on sectoral pattern of innovation, considering the change and difference of innovative environment as well as differential business strategy and way to do innovate, which is proper considering the nature of innovative pattern in each industry for successful technological innovation in Korea. At the same time, proper policy measure considering the differential pattern of technological innovation is needed.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.51-71
• /
• 2009

We pursue empirically influential determinants of risk-sharing across various groups in the United States. We consider all the possible combinations out of the eight BEA economic regions and relate the risk-sharing measure for each group to sectoral composition difference under the control of the state-level macroeconomic and financial characteristics. Our results show that more active risk-sharing via cross-ownership market is observed in groups exhibiting more different sectoral composition. The evidence implies that, given other economic and financial conditions equal, economic union tends to share more consumption risk among its members that are more heterogeneous in their sectoral composition. These days, many countries aim to form FTA and other forms of economic integration. We suggest that they should pay attention to sectoral composition for member countries to minimizes income shock in the integrated economy.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 2020

Purpose - This work tries to analyze the transformation of sectoral innovation pattern as time goes by to enhance the understanding on sectoral innovative activities, particularly considering the change of the nature of knowledge, and the trend of convergence. Research design, data, and methodology - This work tries to identify main factors, which determine the output of technological innovation through the econometric analysis, utilizing the result of Korean Innovation Survey and find a stylized fact on the change of the innovation pattern. Result - As a result of estimation, some major elements show different effects for two discrete years, 2002 and 2010; in chemical industry the open information source and neutral basic research become more important with the appropriation mechanism such as patents, and in machinery industry, the importance of internal information has been getting decreased with rising importance of customers. Conclusion - This work presents that some elements show different effects for two discrete years. Among three major elements, the source of information and appropriation mechanism shows different features for both industries. This means that we should explicit consider the changing nature of innovative environment, which leads to and heavily influence whether the innovative activity would be effective or not when we design innovation strategy and innovation policy.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 2004

This paper empirically investigates potential factors that might affect firms' incentives to license out technology. The analysis is done with the help of a panel data set of observed licensing transactions involving U.S. public companies in high-technology industries. The important explanatory factors relate to the firm characteristics such as the company's stock of technological knowledge (patent stock). prior involvement in technology licensing. the company size, R&D intensity and capital expenditure. The results suggest that there seems to be significant inter-sectoral differences as well as similarities in determinants of the propensity to transfer technology through licensing agreements.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.28 no.7
• /
• pp.936-946
• /
• 2007

Analytical geopotential field in balance with the sectoral mode (the first symmetric mode with respect to the equator) of the Rossby-Haurwitz wave on the inclined rotation axis was derived in presence of superrotation background flow. The balanced field was obtained by inverting the divergence equation with the time derivative being zero. The inversion consists of two steps, i.e., the evaluation of nonlinear forcing terms and the finding of analytical solutions based on the Poisson's equation. In the second step, the forcing terms in the from of Legendre function were readily inverted due to the fact that Legendre function is the eigenfunction of the spherical Laplacian operator, while other terms were solved either by introducing a trial function or by integrating the Legendre equation. The balanced field was found to be expressed with six zonal wavenumber components, and shown to be of asymmetric structure about the equator. In association with asymmetricity, the advantageous point of the balanced field as a validation method for the numerical model was addressed. In special cases where the strength of the background flow is a half of or exactly the same as the rotation rate of the Earth it was revealed that one of the zonal wavenumber components vanishes. The analytical balanced field was compared with the geopotential field which was obtained using a spherical harmonics spectral model. It was found that the normalized difference lied in the order of machine rounding, indicating the reliability of the analytical results. The stability of the sectoral mode of Rossby-Haurwitz wave and the associated balanced field was discussed, comparing with the flrst antisymmetric mode.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.4 no.5
• /
• pp.931-936
• /
• 2000

A novel CPFDTD algorithm for modeling the smooth curved surfaces is presented. This scheme subdivides electric fields on the distorted grid into the extended contour field, the non-distorted field, and the quasi-available field to avoid the collinear borrowing approximation. Several preceding methods are applied to the I-plane sectoral horn antenna to get far-field patterns. The accuracy of the presented method is demonstrated by comparison with measured values.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2017

In this paper, we examine the points of similarity and difference between Korea, Japan, and the USA in terms of the spin-off effects of space technology on cultural life. In Japan and the USA, spin-off effects of space development research by government funded research centers are diffusive while in Korea they are interruptive. Spin-offs of research results impact cultural life via technology transfer and commercialization in businesses. This is because the Korean aerospace industry has progressed largely based on an overall system, but the promotion of internal parts and sub-systems, which can trigger technological development and spin-off effects in manufacturing, has been neglected. In the case of the KARI, the government funded research center, we argue that it is necessary for KARI to devote more resources to transfer (or promote spin-offs of) space technology to small and medium-sized businesses and other industries.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.73-94
• /
• 2000

The main objective of this research is to examine the spillover effects of technological knowledge from IT industry to other industrial sectors and, based on empirical findings, to draw policy implications and suggest policy directions. To this end, we divide IT industry into IT equipment and IT service, assuming that these two sub-sectors are considerably different each other in terms of technology knowledge flow. Other industries are classified into 17 different sectors based on the KSIC of 1990. As the proxy measure of technological knowledge, the notion of R&D stock is employed. The Input/output(I/O) Table is used to define the inter-industrial flow pattern and to draw the knowledge flow matrix. As the research methodology, cost function model is employed to gauge the spillover effects of technological knowledge of IT industry. Based on the results of analysis, it is found that the economic impact of technology diffusion also exhibits a different pattern between IT equipment and IT service. The diffusion of IT equipment tends to show labor-substitution effect whereas IT service displays labor-creation effect. This fact should be considered in devising industry, education, and labor policy. The expectations from this research are as follows. First, the sectoral pattern, difference between IT equipment and service in particular, identified from this research may shed light on the sector-specific policy direction. It is emphasized that a sector-specific approach, rather than an aggregate approach, is relevant for formulating IT policy. Second, it is expected that the importance of technology diffusion programs and policy measures are recognized among policy makers in IT industry.

• Journal of Labour Economics
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.135-164
• /
• 2010

This paper compares the earnings effect of inter-industry technology differences between the self-employed and wage earners. It is assumed that primary skills utilized by the self-employed and paid workers differ in nature, and thus the earnings effect of technology differences and its skill-biasness also differ for each type of workers. For the empirical analysis. Heckman's two-stage method and quantile regressions are fitted to Korean panel data. The earnings effect of technology differences turns skill- biased for wage earners (job-specific skills), but prevails for all self-employed workers (entrepreneurial skills) regardless of their schooling level. This sectoral difference holds for each different quantile of earnings distribution.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 2015

The way to respond to climate change is divided into mitigation and adaptation. So far, the response of climate change has been focused on mitigation. The perception of response of climate change also has been focused on mitigation. However, climate change mitigation and adaptation should be highlighted in a comparable concept as a response to climate change. On the other hand, perception of the public on climate change affects the support or opposition of the general public about climate change-related policies. The purpose of this study is to assess awareness of the general public and stakeholders on the subject of climate change adaptation and to present a basis for a future national climate change adaptation policy. Questionnaire on awareness of climate change adaptation were composed of the climate change and climate change response (mitigation, adaptation) understanding and importance, the seriousness of climate change-related adverse climate event, the need for climate change adaptation measures, the degree of implementation, and the level of government effort for climate change response. Climate change adaptation-related awareness survey was conducted for the general public 1,011 people and stakeholders 101 people by telephone interviews. In this study, the perception survey has a difference in aspect of the contents and methodology. And We were able to present the three characteristics of the general public and stakeholders aware of the subject of climate change adaptation. First, the relative importance of climate change adaptation was relatively low. Second level of awareness about climate change response of the public was significantly lower than the stakeholders. Finally, the need to prepare the implementation of the sectoral level, the first adaptation measures was relatively low.