• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.80-89
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• 2014

The study objectives were to investigate the attitude of Ajou University pharmacy students toward pharmaceutical care and to identify their perceived barriers to its provision. Secondarily, their career choices and influential factors for career decision were assessed. Method: A cross-sectional survey of Ajou University pharmacy students in all professional years was conducted in May 2014. Results: Over 2 weeks, a total of 123 students participated in the study (100% response rate). All respondents agreed that pharmaceutical care is the right direction for the provision to be headed and that pharmaceutical care will improve patient health. However, professional year was inversely associated with the degree of positive attitude toward pharmaceutical care. Highly perceived barriers to pharmaceutical care included poor image of pharmacist's role in society (67%) and lack of access to the patient medical record in the pharmacy (65%). Work environment, benefits, and salary were top three influential factors for career plans, and $6^{th}$ year students considered salary most important. Patient-oriented practices (hospital and community pharmacy) were the most preferred career choices among $6^{th}$ year students. Conclusion: Pharmacy clerkships appeared to have a positive influence on career choices of those students. Efforts should be exerted to improve pharmacy clerkships and to promote pharmaceutical care.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2015

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive technique for microscopic investigation of tissue. We thought that the OCT method could be a potential tool for monitoring the healing process of a tendon. In this study we used two rat models, denervated and non-denervated groups, to observe a variety of healing phases of Achilles tendon (AT) injury. We made samples of AT injury lesions, to take OCT images and to make histopathological samples of serial sectional tissue. In an OCT image the denervated rat showed no specific finding, but the non-denervated rat showed a large defect lesion that was scaffolding tissue. OCT findings combined with pathologic findings showed advantages in visualization of tendon microstructure over other imaging modalities such as MRI and US, and OCT is beneficial to making a treatment plan, especially the timing and intensity of rehabilitation. Therefore a multimodal platform using OCT for evaluation of tendon injury may be potentially useful for many applications.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 인체에 무해하며 고분해능의 단층영상과 저가격 및 소형으로 제작이 가능하여 전세계적으로 많은 연구가 진행중인 광영상 단층촬영기(Optical coherence tomography system : OCT)의 분해능 향상에 관한 것이다. 고분해능 단층영상을 얻기 위하여 펨토초 레이저를 이용한 OCT 시스템을 구성하였다. 펨토초레이저의 펄스폭을 측정하기 위하여 자체상관법(Autocorrelator function)를 이용하여 펄스폭을 측정하였으며, 이론식과 기준시편을 이용한 측정으로 실제 분해능을 측정하였다. 또한 SLD(superluminescent diode) 광원과의 비교분석을 통해 분해능이 약 1.5배 향상됨을 확인하였으며 단층영상 비교의 경우 보다 선명한 단층영상을 얻을 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2008

Thermally evaporated 10 nm-Ni/1 nm-Au/(30 nm-poly)Si structures were fabricated in order to investigate the thermal stability of Au-inserted nickel silicide. The silicide samples underwent rapid thermal annealing at $300{\sim}1100^{\circ}C$ for 40 seconds. The sheet resistance was measured using a four-point probe. A scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope were used to determine the cross-sectional structure and surface image. High-resolution X-ray diffraction and a scanning probe microscope were employed for the phase and surface roughness. According to sheet resistance and XRD analyses, nickel silicide with Au had no effect on widening the NiSi stabilization temperature region. Au-inserted nickel silicide on a single crystal silicon substrate showed nano-dots due to the preferred growth and a self-arranged agglomerate nano phase due to agglomeration. It was possible to tune the characteristic size of the agglomerate phase with silicidation temperatures. The nano-thick Au-insertion was shown to lead to self-arranged microstructures of nickel silicide.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.773-778
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• 2006

Velocity profiles inside a partially filled pipline have been investigated experimentally. To measure the velocity fields, a particle image velocimetry (PIV), which is a recent quantitative visualization technique, is applied. The velocity profile inside a circular pipe is well known, but if the pipe is partially filled, the problem is entirely different in the sense that the velocity distribution is significantly affected by the slope of pipe and filled water level, and so on. In order to calculate exact flow rate in the open channel or partially filled pipeline, three-dimensional velocity distributions at a given cross-sectional area are measured and compared the flow rates with the previously known empirical formula of Manning equation. The results show that the velocity profiles at center plane is considerably different from each other when the slope and water level change. Thus, The three-dimensional velocity profile can be the most plausible estimate for the exact flow rate.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2021

The condition of financial services in Indonesia is unique, based on various characteristics, behaviors, and preferences. Therefore, the study of finance and banking is interesting to study as a recommendation for government policies. This paper aims to analyze the barriers to accessing formal financial services in Indonesia and why informal financial services are preferred. This paper presents a case study of financial inclusion in selected provinces in Indonesia using the SOFIA dataset from the Ministry of National Development Planning. Overall, this data consists of 20,000 individuals from 4 provinces and 93 regions representing the population in eastern Indonesia. The analysis was carried out by processing individual-level cross-sectional data surveyed in 2017 using the probit binary logistic method. The results identify the individual barriers in accessing formal financial services, including account ownership, saving, and credit activities in the formal financial institutions, and amplify the image by analyzing what determinants affect people to choose informal institutions. We found that some individual characteristics such as age, gender, education, income, employment status, residence, and access to technology significantly affect the barrier to formal financial services in East Indonesia.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.445-448
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• 2010

For an enhanced thermoelectric performance, one-dimensional heterostructure nanowires were created that consisted of aBi core and Te shell. The structure was fabricated by depositing Te in-situ onto a Bi nanowire grown by our unique OFF-ON (on-film formation of nanowires) method. After examining a cross-sectional TEM image, it was found that diffusive interface was formed between Bi and Te. Selected area electron diffraction revealed that the crystallinity of the Te shell was some what lower compared to the highly single-crystalline Bi core. The Bi-Te core/shell nanowires can be a smart structure that suppresses phonon transport by several scattering mechanisms, making the OFF-ON method the simplest way to realize that structure.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.444-449
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study is to observe the change in the thickness of abdominal muscles when electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is applied to the abdomen during rest and abdominal muscle exercise to investigate the effect of EMS applied to the abdomen on the superficial and deep muscles thickness. Design: Cross sectional design. Methods: Twenty healthy subjects participated in this study. Subjects were performed resting position, resting position with EMS, curl-up and curl-up with EMS. The electrode of the EMS belt is attached to the abdominal wall between the 12th rib and iliac crest. The thickness of abdominal muscles including rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and transverse abdominis (TrA) were captured in each position by ultrasound image during expiration. All subjects were performed four positions randomly. Data were analyzed using repeated ANOVA with the level of significance set at 𝛼=0.05. Results: The muscle thickness of RA, EO, IO and TrA were significantly different at each position (p<0.05). The thickness of all abdominal muscles increased significantly when curl-up than curl-up with EMS. Both RA and EO thickness were significantly increased at resting position than resting position and EMS were combined(p<0.05). But IO and TrA thickness were decreased at resting position when EMS were combined. Conclusions: The results suggest that EMS activates superficial abdominal muscles RA and EO. Therefore, abdominal strengthening exercise combined EMS can activate abdominal muscles and can be applied to various patients and rehabilitation in clinical practice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.8607-8612
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• 2014

Background: Breast cancer patients experience a variety of altered appearance - such as loss or disfigurement of breasts, discolored skin, and hair loss - which result in psychological distress that affect their quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic status on the altered appearance distress, body image, and quality of life among Korean breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at advocacy events held at 16 different hospitals in Korea. Subjects were eligible to participate if they were 18 years of age or older, had a histologically confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer, had no evidence of recurrence or metastasis, and had no psychological problems at the time of the survey. Employment status, marital status, education, and income were assessed for patient socioeconomic status. Altered appearance distress was measured using the NCI's cancer treatment side effects scale; body image and quality of life were measured by the EORTC QLC-C30 and BR23. Means and standard deviations of each outcome were compared by socioeconomic status and multivariate linear regression models for evaluating the association between socioeconomic status and altered appearance distress, body image, and quality of life. Results: A total of 126 breast cancer patients participated in the study; the mean age of participants was 47.7 (SD=8.4). Of the total, 83.2% were married, 85.6% received more than high school education, 35.2% were employed, and 41% had more than $3000 in monthly household income. About 46% had mastectomy, and over 30% were receiving either chemotherapy or radiation therapy at the time of the survey. With fully adjusted models, the employed patients had significantly higher altered appearance distress (1.80 vs 1.48; p<0.05) and poorer body image (36.63 vs 51.69; p<0.05) compared to the patients who were unemployed. Higher education (10.58, standard error (SE)=7.63) and family income (12.88, SE=5.08) was positively associated with better body image after adjusting for age, disease stage at diagnosis, current treatment status, and breast surgery type. Similarly, patients who were married and who had higher education had better quality of life were statistically significant in the multivariate models. Conclusions: Socioeconomic status is significantly associated with altered appearance distress, body image, and quality of life in Korean women with breast cancer. Patients who suffer from altered appearance distress or lower body image are much more likely to experience psychosocial, physical, and functional problems than women who do not, therefore health care providers should be aware of the changes and distresses that these breast cancer patients go through and provide specific information and psychosocial support to socioeconomically more vulnerable patients.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2017

기존의 예인식으로 운용하는 사이드스캔소나의 경우 조사 시 사용자가 원하는 단면 조사에 어려움이 있어 수중구조물 전동 지그가 개발되었지만, 전동지그를 사용한 음파촬영방법의 경우 보트와 소나가 일체 거동하기 때문에 파랑에 의한 보트 롤링현상, 보트운전자의 운용미숙 등으로 인한 음파영상의 흔들림발생 등, 작업환경에 따른 여러 가지 문제로 인하여 데이터의 왜곡이 발생하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존 사이드스캔소나의 수중조사를 위한 장비운용 시 발생하는 영상의 흔들림을 해결하기 위해, 흔들림 보정센서를 부착하고 흔들림 보정 알고리즘을 개발하여 흔들림보정이 가능하도록 프로그램을 보완하였다. 또한, 소나 데이터 해상도의 향상 정도를 검증하기 위하여, 현장조사를 통해 흔들림 보정 전 후 음파영상을 수집하고 손상 의심부에 잠수사를 투입하여 실제 손상길이 및 수심을 측정하여 취득한 음파영상 데이터의 분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구는 향후 사이드스캔소나를 활용한 구조물의 수중부 및 하상면 음파영상 촬영기법의 발전에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.