• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.258-264
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to confirm the characteristics of oral malodor patients by evaluating the differences of salivary flow rate, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) level in saliva between the patient and control groups, and the correlation with the tongue coating, volatile sulfur compound (VSC), salivary flow rate and sIgA level in saliva in the patients group. Methods : Forty-seven patients with oral malodor and twenty healthy volunteers were included in this study. Their tongue coating was assessed with the Winkel tongue coating index, and salivary flow rate, sIgA concentrations in saliva and the level of VSC in oral cavity were measured. Results : There were no significant differences of the salivary flow rate and the sIgA level in saliva between the patient and control groups, but there was a significant relationship between the accumulation of tongue coating and the level of VSC in oral cavity. Conclusions : Our results suggest that tongue coating is closely related to oral malodor, but further studies are needed to confirm the relationship between tongue coating and sIgA level in saliva.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2002

The effect of a secretory proteinase from the pathogenic amoebae Acanthamoeba castellanii on host's defense-oriented or regulatory proteins such as immunoglobulins, interleukin-1, and protease inhibitors was investigated. The enzyme was found to degrade secretory immunoglobulin A (slgA), IgG, and IgM. It also degraded $interleukin-1{\alpha}$ ($IL-l{\alpha}$) and $IL-l{\beta}$. Its activity was not inhibited by endogenous protease inhibitors, such as ${\alpha}$2-macroglobulin, ${\alpha}l-trypsin$ inhibitor, and ${\alpha}2-antiplasmin$. Furthermore, the enzyme rapidly degraded those endogenous protease inhibitors as well. The degradation of host's defense-oriented or regulatory proteins by the Acanthanoeba proteinase suggested that the enzyme might be an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba infection.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.372-383
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• 1994

Saliva plays an important role in modulating the oral microbial ecology. And it is suggested to influence the initiation and progression of the dental caries. To evaluate the correlations between the salivary antimicrobial agents and the caries susceptibility, the 51 subjects were divided into 3 groups according to caries experience ; caries resistant group, medium caries susceptible group, and high caries susceptible group. Stimulated whole saliva was collected, and the salivary levels were measured for lysozyme, lactoferrin, and secretory-IgA to Streptococcus mutans. The lysozyme level was estimated using Micrococcus diffusion plate, lactoferrin level was determined with a non-competitive avidin-biotin enzyme immunoassay, and the titer of secretory IgA to Streptococcus mutans was assayed with ELISA. The results were as follows: 1. Lysozyme levels of each group showed no significant difference statistically (p>0.05). 2. The caries resistant group and the medium caries susceptible group had significantly higher levels of lactoferrin than the high caries susceptible group (p<0.05). But no clear difference was observed between the caries resistant group and the medium caries susceptible group(p>0.05). 3. The caries resistant group and the medium caries susceptible group showed relatively higher levels of the secretory IgA to Streptococcus mutans than the pigh caries susceptible group, but no significant difference was observed statistically (p>0.05).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2011

이 연구는 천연소재 probiotics 발효물을 대상으로 가축의 장내 유해세균으로 알려진 S. typhimurium KCTC 2054와 E. coli O157:H7의 생장을 억제시키는 유효 발효물을 선발하여 특성을 연구하는 데 있다. 실험 샘플 444개 중 유해 세균에 대한 항균력이 가장 우수한 것으로 C. butyricum IDCC 9207 백미 발효물(FWR)을 최종 선발하였다. C. butyricum IDCC 9207이 함유된 백미 발효물 (FWRCb9207)을 S. typhimurium KCTC 2054로 감염시킨 ICR-mice에 일정기간 투여하였을 때, salmonella의 생육이 억제됨을 확인하였으며, 장관에서 분비되는 secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA)의 양이 증가됨을 확인하였다. FWRCb9207은 기존의 생균제 보다 빠른 정장효과를 나타낼 수 있으며, 발효물보다 생균보강을 통해 정장작용의 기간을 늘릴 수 있는 것이 장점이다. 또한 FWRCb9207의 급여를 통해 사료로부터 쉽게 감염되는 S. typhimurium, S. gallinarum, S. pullorum, S. choleraesuis ssp. choleraesuis 등의 유해세균 증식을 효과적으로 억제시키고 면역력을 증진시킴으로써 가축의 증체율을 높였다. 이러한 FWRCb9207의 synbiotic effects는 궁극적으로 기존 항생제를 대체함으로써 항생제 오남용으로 발생되는 문제점을 해소할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.82-95
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• 1995

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 한국인(韓國人) 산모(産母)로 부터 수집한 초유(初乳) 및 Holstein종(種)으로 부터 수집한 초유(初乳) 중에 존재하는 Secretory immunoglobulin A의 분리방법(分離方法)을 검토하고 분리(分離)된 분획들의 면역화학적(免疫化學的) 특성을 비교 검토하여 향후 인공영양(人工營養)에 대한 시험(試驗) 자료를 얻고자 하였으며 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 인유(人乳) 초유(初乳) 중의 SIgA는 Sephadex G-200과 Sepharose 6B를 통한 gel-filtration 만으로도 순수한 상태로 분리(分離) 정제할 수 있었으나, 우유(牛乳) 초유(初乳) 중의 SIgA는 gel-filtration을 반복하는 방법(方法)으로는 순수한 상태로 분리(分離) 및 정제할 수 없었으며, gel-filtration으로 얻어진 SIgA rich fraction을 모아서 DEAE를 실시한 결과(結果) 또한 마찬가지로 SIgA를 순수한 상태로 분리(分離)할 수는 없었다. 2. 인유(人乳) 초유(初乳)로 부터 gel-filtration을 통하여 분리(分離)한 분획들을 Immunoelectrophoresis 및 Double immunodiffusion 방법(方法)으로 면역화학적(免疫化學的) 특성을 살펴본 결과(結果), 첫번째 peak의 분획에서 IgM이 존재하고 있음을 확인할수 있었으며 두번째 peak의 분획에서 SIgA가 순수한 상태로 존재하고 있음을 확인할수 있었다. 반면에 우유(牛乳) 초유(初乳)로 부터 gel filtration 및 DEAE를 통하여 분리(分離)한 분획들을 같은 방법(方法)으로 면역화학적(免疫化學的) 특성을 살펴본 결과(結果), SIgA rich fraction 중에는 IgG가 다량(多量)으로 혼재(混在)되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 3. 우유(牛乳) 초유(初乳)에서 분리(分離)한 SIgA rich fraction의 Fragment를 SDS-PAGE로 분자량을 측정해 본 결과(結果), Secretory component가 77,000-80,000, Heavy chain이 50,000-60,000, Light chain이 25,000-27,000 dalton으로 나타났으며 J-chain은 Light chain과 중복되어 분자량 측정이 어려웠다. 이와같은 결과(結果)는 인유(人乳) 초유(初乳) 중에 존재하는 SIgA Fragment 분자량과 유사한 결과(結果)를 보여주었다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.167-176
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• 1995

Glucose-regulated proteins (grp's), srp94 3nd grp78/BiP, are a group of stress proteins which are highly synthesized in cells exposed to a variety of stressful agents including tunicamycin 3nd Ca2+ ionophore. Grp78/BiP is hon to function as a molecular chaperone which regulates the folding and assembly of secretory or membrane proteins, but the biological function of grp941 remains to be elucidated. In this study, we have examined the intracellular distribution of grV's and the function of srp94. Grp's are resident in the endoplasmic reticulum (ERI 3nd a specific sequence (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) at their C-terminus is known to be responsible for their retention within the ER. However, it has been unclear whether upon disturbance of cellular Caa+ homeostasis by the Ca2+ ionophore, grp94 is retained within the ER or secreted into the medium. In this study, we showed that in the presence of C3a+ ionophore, grp94 and gif78/BiP are present in the cells, mainly within the ER. We have also investigated whether grp94 might function as a molecular chaperone. Here we showed that in the immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting hvbridom3 cells, grp94 transientlY interacts with fully glycosylated Is heavy chain, suggesting that grpg94 may be involved in facilitating the folding and assembly of Ig heavy chains.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.119-132
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• 2001

An immunoelectron microscopy employing immunogold labeling method was performed to detect tissue origin of Dl fraction (DIA) among 5 antigenic protein fractions partially purified by DEAE- anion exchange chromatography from water- soluble crude antigen (PIWA) of adult Paragonimus iloktsuenensis. Immune reactions of adult worm tissues with rabbit serum immunoglobulin immunized with crude antigen (PI-Ig) and D1 antigen (D1-Ig), as well as rat serum immunoglobulin infected with P. iloktsuenensis were observed. DlA showed strong antigenicity in the intestinal epithelium of the worms during the early infection period of 2-4 weeks after infection. The vitellaria also showed stronger antigenicity than the other tissue sites in immune reaction of tissues against all immunoglobulins from 4 to 33 weeks after vitelline development. Therefore, it is suggested that DlA was mainly originated from the intestinal epithelial tissues before the development of vitelline gland of the parasites. Immune-reactivity of two immunoglobulins (PI-Ig, Dl-Ig) was significantly different in intestinal epithelial cytoplasmic protrusions (CP) and intestinal epithelial secretory granules (SG). In the experimental group with Dl-Ig, gold particles were labeled significantly in CP than in SG when compared to the PI-Ig group. Thus, the major antigenic materials in Dl antigen having a strong antigenicity in the early infection period was considered to be originated from the intestinal epithelial tissue .

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.675-682
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• 2015

The effects of diclazuril on the bursa of Fabricius (BF) structure and secretory IgA (SIgA) expression in chickens infected with Eimeria tenella were examined. The morphology of the BF was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, while ultrastructural changes were monitored by transmission electron microscopy. E. tenella infection caused the BF cell volumes to decrease, irregularly arranged, as well as, enlargement of the intercellular space. Diclazuril treatment alleviated the physical signs of damages associated with E. tenella infection. The SIgA expression in BF was analyzed by immunohistochemistry technique. The SIgA expression increased significantly by 350.4% (P<0.01) after E. tenella infection compared to the normal control group. With the treatment of diclazuril, the SIgA was relatively fewer in the cortex, and the expression level was significantly decreased by 46.7% (P<0.01) compared with the infected and untreated group. In conclusion, E. tenella infection in chickens induced obvious harmful changes in BF morphological structure and stimulated the expression of SIgA in the BF. Diclazuril treatment effectively alleviated the morphological changes. This result demonstrates a method to develop an immunological strategy in coccidiosis control.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 1994

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 초유(初乳) 중(中)에 다량(多量) 존재하면서, 국소면역(局所免疫)을 담당하고 있는 것으로 알려진 Secretory immumoglobulin A (SIgA)를 분리(分離)하여 사람에게 급성위장병 및 집단 식중독을 일으키는 장독소형(腸毒素型) Salmonella속(屬) (S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium)의 성장억제효과(成長抑制效果)를 시험하였다. 우유(牛乳) 초유(初乳) 중(中)에서 분리한 SIgA를 각각 $0.1{\sim}5.0mg/m{\ell}$의 수준이 되도록 stock solution을 제조하여 성장억제효과(成長抑制效果)를 비교 검토하였으며, 한편 항균성물질(抗菌性物質로)로 알려진 egg lysozyme을 $0.5mg/m{\ell}$의 수준으로 단독(單獨) 첨가(添加) 및 SIgA와 혼합(混合) 첨가(添加)하면서, 그에 따른 성장억제효과(成長抑制效果)를 검토(檢討)하였다. 1. 우유(牛乳) 초유(初乳) 중(中)에 존재(存在)하는 SIgA는 gel filtration 및 ion exchange chromatography 방법으로 순수하게 분리(分離)할 수 없었으며, 또한 SIgA rich fraction 중(中)에는 dimeric-$IgG_1$이 상당히 혼재(混在)되어 있는 것이 확인되었다. 2. Human SIgA는 $0.5{\sim}1.0mg/m{\ell}$의 농도(濃度)에서 효과적인 성장억제효과(成長抑制效果)를 보였으며, 그 이상의 농도(濃度)에서는 억제효과(抑制效果)의 증가추세가 둔화되었다. Bovine SIgA는 농도가 증가함에 따라 점진적인 성장억제효과(成長抑制效果)를 보였으며, 특히 $2.0mg/m{\ell}$이상의 농도(濃度)에서는 뛰어난 억제효과(抑制效果)를 보여 주었다. Bovine IgG는 Salmonella속 (屬) 2균주(菌株)에 대하여 성장억제효과(成長抑制效果)를 보이지 않았다. Egg lysozyme의 성장억제효과(成長抑制效果)는 bovine SIgA와 비슷한 경향을 나타냈으며 농도(濃度)를 증가시킬수록 억제효과(抑制效果)가 증가(增加)하는 경향을 보여 주었다. 3. Human SIgA와 egg lysozyme을 단독(單獨) 또는 혼합첨가(混合添加)하면서 시간 경과에 따른 성장억제효과(成長抑制效果)를 시험한 결과, 2균주(菌株) 모두에서 egg lysozyme은 대조구(對照區)에 비하여 월등한 성장억제효과(成長抑制效果)를 나타내는 반면 human SIgA 단독(單獨) 및 egg lysozyme과 혼합처리구(混合處理區)에는 경미한 억제효과(抑制效果)를 나타내었다. 4. Bovine SIgA와 egg lysozyme을 단독(單獨) 또는 혼합(混合) 첨가(添加)하면서 시간경과에 따른 성장억제효과(成長抑制效果)를 시험한 결과, S. enteritidis의 경우 세처리구 모두 월등한 성장억제(成長抑制)를 보였으며, S. typhimurium의 경우 egg lysozyme 단독처리구(單獨處理區)만 뛰어난 성장억제효과(成長抑制效果)를 보여 주었다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.96-111
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• 2021

Objectives The purpose of this study is to look for pathological mechanism of disease development caused by Taedok, by studying whether stress and diet in pregnant ICR mice affect the intestinal flora and IgA (Immunoglobulin A) concentration. Methods The mice were divided into 4 groups (n=5 per group) based on the concept of Taedok: the control group (G1), stress group (G2), capsaicin diet group (G3), high fat diet group (G4). We collected and analyzed intestinal flora from maternal feces and cecal flora from neonatal mice by group. Then, IgA concentration in the maternal feces and sIgA (secretory Immunoglobulin A) concentration in the cecal contents of newborn mice were analyzed. In addition, serum corticosterone was analyzed before and after stress application. Results Changes in maternal intestinal flora and neonatal mice cecal flora by stress and diet were observed. There were no significant changes in the IgA concentration in maternal feces and the sIgA concentration in the cecal contents of neonatal mice. No significant changes compared to the control group were observed between groups before and after applying stress. However, when comparing within one subject, a significant increase was confirmed after stress application in the stress group (G2). Conclusions Based on the results, we observed stress and diet in pregnant mice affect the intestinal flora of maternal and neonatal. We were able to interpret the pathological mechanism of Taedok based on the principle of interaction between mother and newborn intestinal flora.