• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.30-34
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• 2009

This paper deals with charging and persistent-current mode operating characteristics of BSCCO magnet load using high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power supply. The HTS power supply consists of two heater-triggered switches, an iron-core transformer with the primary copper winding and the secondary BSCCO solenoid, and a BSCCO magnet load. The magnet load was fabricated by double pancake winding and its inductance is about 21 mH. A hall sensor was installed at the middle of the magnet load to measure the current in the load. In order to investigate the efficient pumping characteristics, operating tests of heater-triggered switch with respect to dc heater current were carried out, and the electromagnet current was determined by considering saturation characteristics of its iron core. The saturation characteristics of charged current in the magnet load were observed with respect to various pumping periods: 12 s, 14 s, 24 s and 32 s. After charging the magnet load, the persistent current was measured. The operating characteristics of the persistent current mode were mainly determined by joint resistance and magnet load.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2023

Most partial hand amputees experience limited wrist movement, which hinders the efficient functioning of upper limb, affecting hand-to-use coordination and the usability of the prosthetic hand. This limitation can lead to secondary musculoskeletal issues due to repetitive compensatory movement patterns. However, current partial hand prosthetic lack rotational wrist movement due to challenges in accommodating various hand shapes and limited space. In our study, we proposed a prosthetic hand with a wrist rotation module for partial hand amputees, aiming to reduce compensatory movement. To validate the proposed wrist rotation module, we conducted motion analysis during reach-to-grasp task. Furthermore, during the Jebsen-Taylor hand function test, we evaluated both the effect on upper limb movement and the usability of the prosthetic hand, comparing configurations with and without the wrist rotation module. The results showed that the prosthetic hand equipped with rotational wrist movements reduces compensatory movements and promotes efficient upper limb movement patterns. This finding highlights the value of incorporating a wrist rotation module in prosthetic hands to improve upper limb movement for partial hand amputees.

• 분석과학
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2023

In the present study, an analytical method was proposed for detecting trifluralin in aquatic products at trace concentrations. The method employed QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) and gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) as the sample preparation and measurement, respectively. The effect of the aqueous phase volume used in the QuEChERS was demonstrated, and the ratio of 10:10 (mL) between water and acetonitrile phase was used for 5 g of sample. Besides, dSPE using C18 and primary-secondary amine (PSA) was applied to remove the potential interferences from the food matrices, indicating no remarkable analyte loss. The linear range was built up from 0.50 ㎍ L^-1 to 3.0 ㎍ L^-1 (R² = 0.9993). Other criteria, i.e., repeatability (RSD_r = 0.86-1.96 %), reproducibility (RSD_R = 1.09-2.01 %), and recovery (over 90 %), were in accordance with Appendix F of AOAC (2016) for method performance. Although no trifluralin was detected for the commercial samples (fish, shrimp, and breaded shrimp), the spiked samples performed favorable recoveries and precision.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

Backgrounds : Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA) is known as the chronic inflammatory diseasethat induces persistent inflammation in the joint cavity. The destruction of cartilage occurs as the result of bones destoyed by pannus, several influential cytokines induced by the synovial capsulitis, varieties of proteinases, $O_2$ radicals, and the secondary degenerative changes of articular cartilage. The type 2 collagen-induced arthritis model is used in recent experimental research on rheumatoid arthritis. Cervus elaphus sibiricus (Nockyong) has the effect of relieving pain by nourishing the muscles, joints, and bones. It is also known to be efficacious in promoting and enhancing the immune system. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Cervus elaphus sibiricus herbal acupuncture to inhibit the generation of proinflammatory enzyme on type 2 collagen-induced arthritis. I investigated the inhibition of mRNA transcription of MIF(macrophage migration inhibitory factor), $TNF-{\alpha}$(Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$) and MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) of Cervus elaphus sibiricus herbal acupuncture using an in vitro test. Also investigated was the inhibition of differentiation of Th 1 cells and activation of cytokines(MIF, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, MMP-9), which are known to cause initial RA ,and are also related to the morphology of the synovial membranes of the joint capsule, by an in vivo test, using CIA(collagen induced arthritis) model mice. Materials & methods : The laboratory animals used in this experiment were 4 week-old DBA female mice, weighing approximately 20 grams, and adjusted to the laboratory environment. The experiment was divided into the normal group(NOR)-no treated group, control group(CON)-CIA induced group, and sample group(SAM)-Cervus elaphus sibiricus herbal acupuncture treated group. RA was induced in the mice via injection of $50{\mu}{\ell}$ C II mixed CFA. The Cervus elaphus sibiricus herbal acupuncture solution was applied on $GB_{35}$(陽陵泉) for 26 days from the 3rd day of RA inducement. The concentration of the solution was determined via a MTT assay. To research the effect on the expression of MIF, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and MMP-9 mRNA, RT-PCR was performed on synovial membrane cells from the knee joint of CIA mice. C II induced RA knee joint's histo-chemical synovial membrane was observed using a specimen model via the Hematoxilin and Eosin dying technique. Results : The expression of mRNA of RA-related cytokines such as MIF, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and MMP-9 dosedependently decreased in the cell from the synovial membranes of the joint, which is treated with Cervus elaphus sibiricus herbal acupuncture solution. In mice treated with Cervus elaphus sibiricusherbal acupuncture, the damage of synovial membranes of the joint was lessened, and differentiation of Th 1 cells was suppressed. The activation of RA-related cytokines such as MIF was suppressed, and the generation of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and MMP-9 showed a statistically significant decreas. Conclusions : It is speculated that Cervus elaphus sibiricus herbal acupuncture has the therapeutic effect of palliating the damage of the tissue impaired by RA by inhibition of the initial RA progression and by regulating excessive differentiation of Th 1 cell as it suppresses the generation of RA-related cytokines during the highest stage of RA by acting on pro-inflammatory enzymes.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2000

사람 무릎관절 윤활막을 구성하는 윤활세포 중 윤활포식세포(phagocytic synovial cell, type A cell)의 기원에 대한 논의는 형태적으로 큰포식세포의 모습을 하고 있는 단핵포식체 계 (mononuclear phagocyte system)의 한 일부로서 아마도 골수(bone marrow)에서 기원되어졌을 것이라고 알려져 있다. 기능적으로도 LCA, HLA-DR과 Ia 항원에 양성반응을 보여 큰포식세포의 일부로 알려졌으나 아직 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 CD14와 활성화된 큰포식세포의 표지물로 알려진 CD105(endoglin)를 이용하여 윤활포식세포의 세포 내 발현부위를 규명하고, 기능적으로 활성화된 큰포식세포와 포식작용의 역할을 수행하는지 여부를 확인하기 위해 사람의 무릎관절에서 윤활세포들을 냉동초미세박절법을 이용한 면역조직화학 기법으로 CD14와 CB105에 대한 금표지를 하여 투과전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. CD14는 윤활포식세포의 과립세포질세망과 세포질및 가장자리, 공포 주변 부위에서 표지 되었으며 공포내에서는 표지 되지 많았다. 2. CD105(endoglin)는 윤활포식세포의 세포막 가장자리와 세포질 돌기를 따라 표지 되었으며 공포 주변 부위에서도 표지 되었으나, 공포 내에서는 표지 되지 많았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 사람 무릎관절 윤활세포층에 위치하는 윤활포식세포는 CD14와 CD105의 항원에 대한 표지를 보이므로 활성화된 큰포식세포나 포식작용의 역할을 수행하는 것으로 생각된다.

• Composites Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.42-53
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• 2000

차세대 항공기소재로 관심을 가지고 있는 Al 7075/CFRP 적층 복합재인 CARALL(CARbon ALuminum Laminates)하이브리드 복합소재 제조를 위한 중요조건중의 하나인 Al 표면처리조건과 경화방법에 대해 조사하였다. 항공기용 Al 전처리 중 대표적인 것으로 증기탈지, 크롬산 양극산화 피막처리, 황산-중크롬산 나트륨 에칭처리 및 인산 양극산화 피막처리공정이 있다. 본 실험에서는 상기 전처리 공정을 모두 항공 규격에 준해서 실시하여 Lap shear 및 Bell peel strength를 비교함으로써 효과적인 접착강도를 나타내는 표면처리 공정을 찾아내고, 시편의 자연표면상태를 그대로 관찰할 수 있는 AFM(Atomic Force Microscope)장비를 이용하여 각 전처리 시편의 표면형상을 측정함으로써 표면형상과 접착강도와의 상관관계를 고찰 하였다. 그리고 Al 표면처리와 별도로 Al과 접착제 및 탄소섬유 프리프레그를 동시에 경화시키는 방법과 탄소섬유 프리프레그를 미리 경화시킨후 다시 Al과 탄소섬유 라미네이트를 접착필름을 이용하여 재 접착시키는 이차 경화법을 적용하여 상호 접착강도 및 물성을 비교하였다. 또한 이차경화법에서의 오토클레이브 압력 변화와 DMA(Dynamic Mechanical Analysis) 장비를 이용한 접착필름의 유리전이온도($T_g$) 측정을 통해 효과적인 공정압력 및 접착내구성 유지에 필요한 최소 경화시간을 파악하였다. 상기 결과로부터 정밀 치수관리가 필요하며 고접착강도, 내구성 항공기 부품을 제작하기 위한 알루미늄 표면처리 공정과 복합재 경화공정 조건을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2010

목적: 발생 빈도가 드문 골연골종(증)에서 기인한 속발성 연골육종의 임상적, 방사선학적, 조직병리학적 소견과 더불어 수술적 치료의 결과를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1992년 1월 1일부터 2004년 12월 31일까지 골연골종(증)에서 발생한 속발성 연골육종에 대해 수술적 치료를 받은 14명을 대상으로 환자들의 임상기록, 단순 방사선 및 전산화 단층촬영/자기공명영상, 병리조직 슬라이드를 후향적으로 조사하였다. 남성 9명, 여성 5명이었으며, 평균 나이는 34세(14-75세)였다. 평균 추시 기간은 54개월이었다. 결과: 모든 환자에서 소아기나 사춘기 전, 후부터 종괴를 가지고 있었으며, 방사선학적 소견은 종양의 표면이 불규칙하거나 경계가 불분명하거나, 분산된 무기질 침착 소견을 동반한 골파괴 음영 및 점상 석회화를 동반한 연부조직 종괴가 관찰되었다. 자기공명영상소견은 상기 방사선학적 소견을 반영하는 불균등신호 강도(inhomogeneous signal)의 불규칙한 경계를 지닌 종괴가 보이며, 연골모(cartilage cap)의 두께가 2예를 제외하고는 모두 1 cm 이상으로 두꺼웠다. 수술적 치료는 10명에서 광범위절제술, 3명에서 변연절제술 그리고 1명에서 절단술을 시행하였다. 결론: 골연골종(증)에서 드물기는 하나 속발성 연골육종이 발생할 수 있으므로, 임상적, 방사선학적 그리고 조직병리학적 소견을 종합적으로 이해하고 주의 깊게 추시 관찰 하여, 조기에 광범위 절제술을 시행할 경우 좋은 치료결과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.74-84
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate a plan of middle/high school foodservice systems which could properly provide nutrition for juveniles' health. Questionnaires were developed and distributed to: 245 middle schools with 271 parents, 328 students, 180 teachers, and 345 administrators; 163 high-schools with 223 parents, 466 students, 179 teachers, and 163 administrators in Seoul and Kyunggi province. The results of this study were as followed. For the desirable feeding type as in-school meal plan, 62.2% responded to the current elementary school feeing type:10.3% responded to a lunch-box prepared at home; and 38.0% responded to free dining out type. For a feeding operation type, school administrators, teachers and parents favored the current school feeding systems in elementary schools with proportion of 68.2%, 47.7%, and 87.6% as respectively. Also, 20.3% of school administrators, 22.6% of teachers, and 6.9% of parents preferred contract management. A total of 27.6% of teachers, 9.2% of school administrators, and 3.7% of parents responded to a lunch-box prepared at home. There was a significant difference between the responses for establishing the main body of financial burden to solve the problem of financial burden which could be the most obstacle to bring middle/high school feeding system into operation. For the management of school feeding systems when brought into operation, 88.7% out of 470 responded schools and 89.9% out of 227 responded teachers reported that an expert should manage school feeding systems. For futuristic direction, an effective joint cooking type between schools which may be the way to solve the difficulties in securing the appropriate space and to decrease the financial burden, the problem of transportation for delivering feeding products, low quality of feeding, and sanitation can occur. Therefore, the distance between schools which operate a joint cooking system will affect as a major factor. Furthermore, concrete examination of plans for introduction of various types of school feeding and institutional devices for management system and supervision of operation should become a condition precedent.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2008

이 연구는 아동의 분노체험 속에 포함된 공통요인과 분노체험 과정에서 나타나는 심리적 과정을 찾아봄으로써 아동분노가 갖는 특성과 의미를 알아보고자 하였으며, 이를 위해 체험분석 방법을 적용하였다. 연구대상은 초등학교 5학년 학생 8명이 체험연구의 공동연구자로 참여하였고, 6회기에 걸친 연구였다. 공동연구자들은 체험분석 방법에 대해 배웠고, 자신의 분노체험 내용을 분석지에 기록하였으며, 모두 34개의 체험분석지를 연구에 적용하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 아동들은 부당하다고 느낄 때 분노체험, 어이없음을 동시에 느꼈으며 이 느낌들은 자기중심적인 사고에서 비롯되었다. 분노상황들 속에서 아동들이 체험하는 공통요인에는 기분관련 요인, 욕구관련 요인, 신체감각 관련 요인이 혼재되어 나타났으며, 욕구관련 요인들은 기분, 신체감각 관련 요인들보다 더 강하게 지각하였다. 둘째, 아동들은 분노의 외적 표출 가능성에 따라 분노의 공격적 표출과 내적억제의 방법으로 분노를 처리하였다. 그러나 강한 분노표출 충동때에는 인지적 판단과정을 거치지 못하고 폭발시키기도 하였다. 셋째, 아동이 분노를 느끼고 처리하는 심리적 과정은 상황인식 단계, 일차적 인지평가 단계, 분노 유발 단계, 이차적 인지평가 단계 또는 강한 분노표출 충동을 느끼는 단계, 분노처리 단계로 정리할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to perform a pattern analysis in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) resulting from unilateral mastication due to chronic periodontitis. Methods: Thirty participants with signs or symptoms of TMD who engaged in unilateral mastication due to periodontitis-related discomfort (test group) were selected. Another 30 subjects exhibiting signs or symptoms of TMD resulting from unilateral mastication not due to chronic periodontitis (control group) were also recruited. An interview-based questionnaire was administered, and an examination of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with determination of periodontal status was performed. Results: The duration of unilateral mastication was significantly longer in the control group than in the test group. There was a significant negative correlation between the duration of unilateral mastication and the Community Periodontal Index score. Using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD) axis I algorithms, all the subjects were assigned to 3 main groups. The test group exhibited significantly a higher diagnostic distribution of group III (arthralgia, osteoarthritis, or osteoarthrosis), and in both the test and control groups, the number of diagnoses was larger for the non-chewing side. The control group showed a significantly higher diagnostic distribution of group I (myofacial pain), and in both the test and control groups, the number of diagnoses was larger for the chewing side. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that unilateral mastication due to chronic periodontitis could induce not only pain but also structural TMJ changes if adequate treatment is not administered and supported within a short time from the onset of the condition. Therefore, immediate treatment of chronic periodontitis is recommended to prevent not only the primary progress of periodontal disease, but also secondary TMJ-related problems. Furthermore, subjects who have suffered chronic long-term periodontitis without treatment should be urged to undergo a TMJ examination.