• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.346-354
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the changes and regional differences of mortality and morbidity particularly respiratory system diseases in the area of exposure to coal dust(Ansim area, Dong-gu, Daegu). Methods: The authors analyzed secondary data(cancer registration data, mortality data, and health insurance data) for respiratory system diseases. We calculated age standardized incidence ratio(SIR), mortality ratio(SMR), and health care utilization ratio(SHR) using those data. Results: There were no significant differences between Ansim area(or Dong-gu, Daegu) and the control area for cancer registration data and mortality data. In the results for the health insurance data, significant increased SHR in asthma was observed compared to the control area. Conclusions: Although confounders such as selection bias were not clearly ruled out, our findings reveal increased asthma SHR in the area of exposure to coal dust. Further prospective studies are required to clarify the increasing respiratory disease due to exposure to coal dust.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.397-425
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• 2020

Statistical literacy is a key ability expected of citizens in information-laden societies, and is often revealed as an expected outcome of schooling and as a necessary component of adults' numeracy and literacy. Knowing how important statistical literacy is, the purpose of this research was to measure statistical literacy of adults and secondary mathematics teachers. This study explored the statistical literacy based on the level of understanding in poll results and analyzed the data obtained through semi-structured interviews with 20 secondary mathematics teachers and 20 adults. As a result, the following conclusions were obtained: First, few secondary mathematics teachers and adults correctly recognized the meaning of statistical terms and expressions included in the poll results. Second, 70% of research participants did not reach levels 3 or 4 of statistical literacy levels. Third, the statistical literacy level of secondary mathematical teachers was higher than that of adults.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.126-139
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• 2014

In order to estimate the influence of sources on $PM_{2.5}$ in the industrial area of Japan, we carried out a source analysis using chemical component data of $PM_{2.5}$. $PM_{2.5}$ samples were collected intermittently at an industrial area in Japan from July 2010 to November 2012. Water soluble ions ($Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, $Na^+$,$NH_4{^+}$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$), elements (Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, Pb), and carbonaceous species (OC, EC) of the $PM_{2.5}$ (a total of 198 samples) were analyzed. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model was applied to the data of those chemical components to identify the source of $PM_{2.5}$. At this observation site, nine factors were extracted. The major contributors of $PM_{2.5}$ were secondary sulfate 1, in which loading factors of $SO{_4}^{2-}$ and $NH_4{^+}$ were large (percentage source contribution: 20.9%), traffic, in which loading factors of OC (organic carbon) and EC (elemental carbon) were large (20.8%), secondary sulfate 2, in which loading factors of K and $SO{_4}^{2-}$ were large (8.0%), steel mills (7.8%), secondary chloride and nitrate (7.0%), soil (5.0%), heavy oil combustion (3.8%), sea salt (3.8%), and coal combustion (2.3%). The conditional probability function (CPF) and the potential source contribution function (PSCF) were carried out to examine the influence of a regional source and a broad-based source, respectively. CPF results supported local source influences such as steel mills, sea salt, traffic, coal combustion, and heavy oil combustion. PSCF results suggested that ships in the East China Sea, an industrial area of the east coastal region of China, and an active volcano in the Kyushu region of Japan were potential regional sources of secondary sulfate 1. Secondary sulfate 2 was affected by the burning of biomass fields and by coal combustion in Chinese urban areas such as Beijing, Hebei, and western Inner Mongolia. Source characterization using continuous data from one site showed a potential source representing fossil fuel combustion is affected both by regional and broad-based sources.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.221-230
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the depressive mood experience of adults in their 20s. Methods: This study is a descriptive survey that conducted a secondary analysis using data from the 2017 Community Health Survey, which is conducted annually in Korea. The study targets 21,324 adults in their 20s. Data analysis was conducted after creating a composite sample plan file that reflected layering variables, colony variables, and weights. Results: Factors affecting the depressive mood experience were suicide thought experience, subjective stress level, gender, monthly household income, smoking status, subjective health level, breakfast status, participation in social activities, and whether the Internet, games, and smartphone interfered with daily life (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is necessary to establish and realize a system that enables early detection and support of depression and suicide high-risk groups at the individual, home, community, and national levels.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2014

This study was a descriptive study to investigate factors affecting sleep time in the Korean elders. A secondary data analysis was conducted using the data of "The Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011". The survey included 3,487 people aged over 65 years and 1,163 samples were used for this study. Data were analyzed with the ${\chi}^2$-test and logistic regression using the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Analysis showed that sleep time was related with the number of chronic disease and limit on the activities of daily living(ADL). These findings suggest that nursing researchers need to consider chronic disease, and ADL as important factors affecting sleep time of Korean elders. Therefore nursing intervention focusing on the issues in needed to develope.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 1994

The purpose of this research are (1) determining the basic concepts of clothing field which are included in the middle and high school home economics education curriculum ; (2) comparing the extent of need to those three groups; (3) classifying the basic concepts into units; (4) ana-lyzing the extent of need by units and providing basic data for curriculum revision. The data collecting methods of this research is questionair and the contents of this are the same. The subjects are 1085 students, 402 teachers and 80 professors. The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA, scheffe test and factor analysis. The results were as follows: (1) 43 basic concepts were determined. (2) While the extent of need in the teachers and professors was high, that of students was me-dium or lower than the other two groups. (3)The extent of need to 40 concepts among three groups were significantly different. (4)According to the results from the factor analysis 7 units were formed. (5)‘Accurate dressing’was the most needed thing among three groups.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.207-219
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• 2002

The purposes of this research were to: a) define the changing trends of DRGs in comparison to the National Data, b) define the changing trends of Nursing Diagnoses and Nursing Interventions for the 5 most frequently occurring Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs) across 3 years, and c) define the relationships between nursing diagnoses and nursing Interventions for the 5 most frequently occurring DRGs across the 3 years. This study was a secondary data analysis of medical and nursing data based on the United States Nursing Minimum Data Set and the Uniform Hospital Discharge Data Set retrieved from a Midwestern USA medical center. The results showed interesting comparisons with national statistics as well as practice relevant trends within the nursing data. Additionally, the results showed the possibility that nursing data can be extracted from the medical data, so they can used in the nursing productivity and cost issues etc. In conclusion, this study supports the power of minimum data sets and nursing classifications to begin to describe a more global perspective the inter-relationships and trends of nursing data within the medical diagnosis context.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4639-4643
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• 2012

The burden of lung cancer in terms of mortality is the highest among all types of cancers globally. The present study aimed to evaluate lifestyle related habits, clinico-pathological profile and treatment details of lung cancer patients who were registered at Malabar Cancer Centre (MCC), Kerala, during the calendar year 2010. A retrospective evaluation was made from medical records to gather data from 281 registered lung cancer cases in 241 males and 40 females, with a male to female ratio of 6.03: 1. Approximately 89% of the cases were above 50 years of age. Among males about 91% of the cases were smokers and 62% of them had a chronic smoking habit. Adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, non-small cell carcinomas and small cell cancers accounted for 10.7, 13.9, 17.0 and 5.7% respectively. Out of 281 cases around 67% were diagnosed with distant metastasis and the remainder had regional lymph node involvement. However, no statistically significant difference was observed for secondary site of tumor according to gender. As majority of the cases reported at MCC were in an advanced stage of the disease, histology of the secondary site from supraclavicular lymph nodes or liver was taken for diagnosis. Initiation of population based screening for early detection of cancer, and primary and secondary prevention strategies for reducing the prevalence of tobacco consumption are high priorities to reduce the lung cancer burden in Kerala.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2017

A current transformer (CT) is a type of sensor that consists of a combination of electric and magnetic circuits, and it measures large ac currents. When a large amount of current flows into the primary winding, the alternating magnetic flux in the iron core induces an electromotive force in the secondary winding. The characteristics of a CT are determined by the iron core design because the iron core is saturated above a certain magnetic flux density. In particular, when a large current, such as a current surge, is input into a CT, the iron core becomes saturated and the induced electromotive force in the secondary winding fluctuates severely. Under these conditions, the CT no longer functions as a sensor. In this study, the characteristics of the secondary winding were investigated using the time-difference finite element method when a current surge was provided as an input. The CT was modeled as a two-dimensional analysis object using constraints, and the saturation characteristics of the iron core were evaluated using the Newton-Rhapson method. The results of the calculation were compared with the experimental data. The results of this study will prove useful in the designs of the iron core and the windings of CTs.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1078-1088
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• 2012

In this paper, we present research experimental results about the different thickness T-joint welding of the high power continuous wave(CW) Nd:YAG laser for the secondary battery of a vehicle. Although the conventional method used for the secondary battery is a argon TIG welding, we utilize a laser welding to improve Tungsten Inert Gas(TIG) welding's weakness. The laser, which has a couple of advantage such as aspect ratio, low Heat Affected Zone(HAZ), good welding quality and fast productivity utilized in this work is a CW Nd:YAG laser. In order to observe laser welding sections, we used a optical microscope. Through the analysis of the metallographic, hardness, aspect ratio, and heat input, we obtained the desired data in condition of 1800 W laser beam power and 1.8 m/min and 2.0 m/min laser beam travel speeds. In order to compare electric resistances of the argon TIG welding and laser welding, we made an actual battery and the electric resistance of the laser welding is reduced by 40~45% comparing with the argon TIG welding.