• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.115-125
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• 2015

This study was to identify major risk factors associated with secondary traumatic stress in a sample of 654 public social welfare specialists. Findings indicated that 69.0% of the subjects experienced secondary traumatic stress, and 36.9% of them were in a high-risk group. Multiple regression analysis showed that the risk of the secondary traumatic stress was associated with gender, work hours, physical violence and threats from clients, coping strategies, and vocational self-efficacy. Based on these results, several interventions for preventing the incidence of secondary traumatic stress among public social welfare specialists are suggested as the follows: construction of secure job environment, development of educational programs for improving vocational self-efficacy and coping skills, and implementation of mental health screening system on a regular basis to prevent the outbreak of mental disease among the workers.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.243-250
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• 2002

Amyloidosis comprises a diverse group of systemic and local diseases characterized by organ involvement by the extracellular deposition of fibrils composed of subunits of a variety of normal serum proteins. Secondary amyloidosis is caused by the deposition of amyloid A(AA) protein in chronic inflammatory disease. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis(JRA) has been known to be the most common cause of secondary amyloidosis. We experienced one case of secondary renal amyloidosis in a 12-year-old girl who had suffered from JRA for several years who had visited our renal clinic to evaluate the proteinuria with microscopic hematuria which was detected by chance at school urine screening examination. Apple green birefringence was observed under polarized light with Congo red stain at)d characteristic electron microscopic findings was also noted in renal tissues which was obtained by percutaneous renal biopsy. In our knowledge, this is the first case report of secondary renal amyloidosis developed in pediatric age in Korea.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2011

Background: Mature autogenous arteriovenous fistulas have better long term patency and require fewer secondary interventions compared to arteriovenous prosthetic graft. Our Study evaluated vascular patency rates and incidence of interventions in autogenous arteriovenous fistulas and grafts. Material and Methods: A total of 166 vascular access operations were performed in 153 patients between December 2002 and November 2009. Thirty seven caeses were excluded due to primary access failure and loss of follow-up. One group of 92 autogenous arterioveous fistulas and the other group of 37 arteriovenous prosthetic grafts were evaluated retrospectively. Primary and secondary patency rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The primary patency rate (84%, 67%, 51% vs. 51%, 22%, 9% at 1, 3, 5 year; p=0.0000) and secondary patency rate (96%, 88%, 68% vs. 88%, 65%, 16% at 1, 3, 5 year; p=0.0009) were better in autogenous fistula group than prosthetic graft group. Interventions to maintain secondary patency were required in 23% of the autogenous fistula group (average 0.06 procedures/patient/year) and 65% of prosthetic graft group (average 0.21 procedures/patient/year). So the autogenous fistula group had fewer intervention rate than prosthetic graft group (p=0.01) The risk factor of primary patency was diabetus combined with ischemic heart disease and the secondary patency's risk factor was age. Conclusion: Autogenous arteriovenous fistulas showed better performance compared to prosthetic grafts in terms of primary & secondary patency and incidence of interventions.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.12
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• pp.478-483
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• 2015

Purpose: Information on the clinical features of lung abscess, which is uncommon in children, at hospitalization is helpful to anticipate the disease course and management. There is no report concerning lung abscess in Korean children. We aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of pediatric lung abscess and compare the difference between primary and secondary abscess groups. Methods: The medical records of 11 lung abscess patients (7 males and 4 females) from March 1998 to August 2011 at two university hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical characteristics, symptoms, underlying disease, laboratory and radiologic findings, microbiological results, and treatments were examined. Results: Six patients had underlying structural-related problems (e.g., skeletal anomalies). No immunologic or hematologic problem was recorded. The mean ages of the primary and secondary groups were 2.4 and 5.3 years, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant. The mean length of hospital stay was similar in both groups (22.8 days vs. 21.4 days). Immunologic studies were performed in 3 patients; the results were within the normal range. Most patients had prominent leukocytosis. Seven and 4 patients had right and left lung abscess, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and antimycoplasma antibodies were detected in both groups. Two patients with primary lung abscess were administered antibiotics in the absence of other procedures, while 8 underwent interventional procedures, including 5 with secondary abscess. Conclusion: The most common symptoms were fever and cough. All patients in the primary group were younger than 3 years. Structural problems were dominant. Most patients required interventional procedures and antibiotics.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 1978

After the advent of the effective antimicrobial drugs, empyema of the pleural cavity came to be considered an infrequent disease. However, in recent years the problem of empyema is increasing, probably due to bacterial changes associated with the use and misuse of antimicrobials as well as alterations in the host associated with increased longevity and chronic disease. During the 10 years period from 1957, Sop. to 1977, Aug., we experienced 152 cases of empyema, of which 37 were scheduled on open thoracotomy drainge for chronic empyema. 1. The ratio of male to female was 3.6:1 with male predominance and 64% of total was above 40 years old in age distribution. 2. The cardinal symptoms were fever[70%], dyspnea[40.5%], and sputum[40.5%]. The leucocytosis were observed in 75.7% of all cases. The hemoglobin level showed subnormal in 21.6% of all cases. 3- The underlying pathology predisposing to empyema were postoperative empyema [35.1%] and tuberculosis[32.4%] in order. 4. The pathologic organisms by bacterial culture in 37 patients were Pseudomonas [24.3%], Staphylococccus [21.6%], Streptococcus [21.6%]., no growth [8. 1%] and the remainders. 5. The late results were as follow; a. Spontaneous closure was seen in 10 patients and all of them belongs to non-tuberculous group. Their mean duration was 14 months. b. Still opened are eight; 6 in tuberculous group, remainders in non-tuberculous group. c. Secondary closure was performed in 6 patients, of which 5 cases showed successful secondary closure but one failed. The mean duration from OTD to secondary closure was 46.3 days. d. Eleven patients were not followed. e. Two patients were expired; one was due to progressive cachexia and pulmonary insufficiency, the other due to gastrointestinal bleeding unrelated to empyema.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 2004

Objective: To assess the association with autoimmune endocrine diseases and detection rate of autoimmune antibodies and its clinical significance in patients with premature ovarian failure. Methods: Twenty eight patients with primary or secondary amenorrhea manifesting hormonal and clinical features of premature ovarian failure (primary POF: 7, secondary POF: 21) were investigated. We tested them TFT, 75 g OGTT, ACTH and S-cortisol for thyroiditis, IDDM, Addison's disease, and antithyoglobulin antibody, antimicrosomal antibody, antinuclear antibody, rheumatic factor, anti-smooth muscle antibody, anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody for non-organ specific autoimmune disorders. Results: Only one patient was diagnosed as IDDM and no patients had abnormal TFT or adrenal function test. More than one kind of autoantibody was detected in 11 patients of all (39.2%): 5 patients (71.4%) of primary POF group and 6 patients (21.4%) of secondary POF group. Eleven patients (39.3%) had antithyroglobulin antibody, 4 (14.3%) had antimicrosomal antibody, 2 (7.1%) had antinuclear antibody, 2 (7.1%) had rheumatic factor, 1 (3.6%) had anti-smooth muscle antibody, 1 (3.6%) had anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody. Conclusions: Premature ovarian failure may occur as a component of an autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, so patients should be measured with free thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, fasting glucose and electrolytes. Measurement of thyroid autoantibodies in POF patients may be important in identifying patients at risk of developing overt hypothyoidism, but other autoantibodies may not be suitable for screening test.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.70-72
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• 2010

We report a 53-year-old male having Kennedy disease who complained of severe bilateral tinnitus and autophony. He was diagnosed as patulous Eustachian tube based on the observation of fluttering motion of the tympanic membrane associated with respiration, which is presumed to occur secondary to bulbar weakness. The patulous Eustachian tube affected the management of his respiratory problem by impairing his ability to tolerate BiPAP. We report this rare condition with a literature review.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.688-698
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• 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the overall effects and the clinical effect of Korean medicine treatment on chronic atypical chest pain. Case Report: A 56-year-old male patient suffering from chronic atypical chest pain was treated with herbal medicine and acupuncture. We used the Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and a verbal numerical rating score (VNRS) to assess the patient's symptoms. The administration of the new herbal medicine and local acupuncture point stimulation improved the chest pain and dyspnea symptoms. No side effects were observed during the treatment. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that Korean medicine treatments, such as herbal medicine and local acupuncture point stimulation, may be effective as treatments for atypical chest pain and secondary symptoms in patients with coronary artery disease.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2018

Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome is a rare congenital malformation syndrome that is characterized by a triad of uterine didelphys, blind hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. There is a wide variety of phenotypic presentation which is recognized as a spectrum of disease rather than a separate entity. The exact incidence and pathogenesis of HWW syndrome are yet to be investigated. While this disease typically involves adolescent girls who present with abdominal pain or a pelvic mass that is secondary to hematocolpos, nowadays, a majority of potential patients with HWW are being prenatally screened for renal anomalies. Therefore, it is recommended to search for uterovaginal anomalies whenever a multicystic dysplastic kidney or the absence of a kidney is noted in a newborn female, and the role of pediatric nephrologists has become ever more important for early recognition of the disease.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.245-252
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• 1990

To see the change of pulmonary arterial pressure after mitral valve replacement, postoperative cardiac catheterization and echocardiographies were performed in 12 patients of mitral valvular disease with pulmonary hypertension[systolic pulmonary arterial pressure>50 mm Hg]. The mean follow-up duration was 35.4[range: 15-47] months per patient. The following results were obtained. 1] Preoperative systolic pulmonary arterial pressure value of 66.17\ulcorner10.73mmHg decreased significantly to 29.17\ulcorner6.86mmHg postoperatively[p<0.01]. 2] Preoperative Pp/Ps value of 0.67\ulcorner0.13 decreased significantly to 0.28\ulcorner0.06 postoperatively[p<0.01]. 3] Preoperative PAWP value of 29.00\ulcorner4.02mmHg decreased significantly to 9.92\ulcorner4.27 mmHg postoperatively[p<0.01]. 4] Preoperative LAD value of 5.58\ulcorner1.20cm decreased significantly to 4.37\ulcorner0.67cm postoperatively [p<0.01]. In conclusion, pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to mitral valvular disease could be reduced to normal range after successful mitral valve replacement.