• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Clopidogrel is used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerosis documented by recent ischemic stroke, recent myocardial infarction (MI), or established peripheral arterial disease (secondary prevention). Clopidogrel is metabolized by CYP3A4, and the active metabolites inhibit platelet aggregation. The purpose of this study was to assess clopidogrel only versus clopidogrel + others (aspirin, CYP3A4 inhibitor, and CYPBA4 inducer) in terms of cardiovasculalr events and bleeding complications. We reviewed the charts of patients who visited between August 1, 2002 and August 31, 2003, retrospectively. Total 72 patients were included and they consisted of 5 groups; clopidogrel group (n=36), clopidogrel + aspirin group (n=11), clopidogrel + CYP3A4 inhibitor group (n=15), clopidogrel + aspirin + CYP3A4 inhibitor group (n=6), clopidorel + CYP3A4 inducer group (n=4). The primary endpoints at 6 months, 12 months were the composite of cardiovascular (CV) events. The secondary end-point was the incidence of bleeding events at 6months, and 12months. At 12months, the primary endpoint was not significantly different among the five groups (p=0.056). In comparison of two groups as clopidogrel only versus clopidogrel + others (aspirin, CYP3A4 inhibitor and CYP3A4 inducer), the primary endpoint was significantly different (p=0.02). The CV events were increased in the clopidogrel + others group. The secondary end point was not significantly different among the five groups (p=0.52). However, time to bleeding events was 230.8 in the clopidogrel group and 74.7 in the clopidogrel + others group (p = 0.046). In conclusion, clopidogrel interaction with aspirin, CYP3A4 inhibitor, and CYP3A4 inducer affected cardiovascular events and bleeding events. Drug interaction of clopidogrel with concurrent medications should be considered cautiously.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1394-1403
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• 1998

The study was designed to observe the effect of dietary calcium and fats on plasma cholesterol level, hepatic microsomal fluidity and HMG-CoA reductase activity as well as the excretion of fecal bile acids and neutral sterols in 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine(DMH)-treated rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats, at 7 weeks of age, were divided into 2 groups, 0.3% and 1.0% Ca levels and each group again subdivided into 2 groups of corn oil and perilla oil. Each rat was intramuscularly infused with DMH for 6 weeks to give total dose of 180mg/kg body weight and also fed experimental diet containing 15%(w/w) different fit and Ca(0.3% or 1.0%) for 20 weeks. High dietary calcium(1.0%) did not significantly influence on plasma cholesterol as well as hepatic microsomal fluidity and HMG CoA reductase activity, but significantly reduced the excretion of total bile acid per gram of faces and increased the excretion of total neutral sterol. However, high dietary Ca reduced the excretion of secondary bile acid(deoxycholic and lithocholic acids) which was known as promoter for colon cancer. Perilla oil rich in n-3 ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid significantly decreased plasma cholesterol by increasing hepatic microsomal fluidity compared with corn oil, but did not influence on HMG CoA reductase activity. Perilla oil did not influence on fecal excretion of total and primary bile acids, but reduced the excretion of secondary bile acids. Therefore, it could be recommended to consume more fish product and food rich in calcium and use more perilla oil in meal preparation to prevent from coronary hear disease and colon cancer especially when high fit diet has been practiced. (Korean Nutrition 31(9) : 1394-1403, 1998)

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.110-114
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• 1995

저자등은 26세 남자환자에서 폐농양과 동반된 속발성 비대성 골관절병증 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.705-710
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• 1995

맥주보리의 수확기에 강우가 많았던 제주산 강우피해보리 와 기상상태가 양호하였던 전남, 경남산의 맥주보리의 발아성을 비교하여, 생산된 맥주보리의 사용을 원활하게 할 수 있는 방안을 강구하고자 종자의 병원균 감염여부와 수발아성을 확인하고 아울러 휴면정도와 발아성을 조사한 결과 수확기의 강우는 발아에 지장을 초래하여 '91년산의 제주산은 46∼71%의 수준으로 불량하였다. 발아율이 낮은 제주산도 발아에 지장을 줄 정도의 병감염은 없었다. 강우피해보리는 포도당과 맥아당의 함량이 높았는데, 이는 곡립의 물질분해가 이루어진 것으로 보여지며 수발아현상으로 추정되었다. 제주산 강우피해보리에서 수발이후 휴면하는 종자가 많음을 TZ발아능 예측검사에서 알 수 있었으며 강우피해보리의 경우 저온발아시험에서 발아율이 높으므로 보아 2차휴면을 하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 수확후 12개월간 저장한 후에는 발아력이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 현상으로 보아 발아불량은 2차휴면의 결과로 보이며, 월동에 의한 저온처리후에 원료로 사용하거나 수확 직후에 발아력이 50%이상일 경우에는 5 에서 5일간 함수상태 예냉처리로, 발아력이 50%이하로 낮은 경우에는 gibberellic acid 1ppm수준으로 처리하면 발아율을 증대시킬 수 있을 것으로 본다. 발아력과 휴면정도가 다양한 seed lot을 재료로 맥주보리의 발아력향상에 관한 예냉과 gibberellic acid 처리의 효과를 재 구명할 필요가 있겠다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2010

A family of calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) is a unique enzyme which plays crucial roles in intracellular calcium signaling in plants, algae, and protozoa. CDPKs of malaria parasites are known to be key regulators for stage-specific cellular responses to calcium, a widespread secondary messenger that controls the progression of the parasite. In our study, we identified a gene encoding Plasmodium vivax CDPK4 (PvCDPK4) and characterized its molecular property and cellular localization. PvCDPK4 was a typical CDPK which had well-conserved N-terminal kinase domain and C-terminal calmodulin-like structure with 4-EF hand motifs for calcium-binding. The recombinant protein of EF hand domain of PvCDPK4 was expressed in Echerichia coli and a 34 kDa product was obtained. Immunofluorescence assay by confocal laser microscopy revealed that the protein was expressed at the mature schizont of P. vivax. The expression of PvCDPK4-EF in schizont suggests that it may participate in the proliferation or egress process in the life cycle of this parasite.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2021

Purpose: The long-term efficacy and safety of infliximab (IFX) in children with ulcerative colitis (UC) have not been well-evaluated. Here, we reviewed the long-term durability and safety of IFX in our single center pediatric cohort with UC. Methods: This retrospective study included 20 children with UC who were administered IFX. Results: For induction, 5 mg/kg IFX was administered at weeks 0, 2, and 6, followed by every 8 weeks for maintenance. The dose and interval of IFX were adjusted depending on clinical decisions. Corticosteroid (CS)-free remission without dose escalation (DE) occurred in 30% and 25% of patients at weeks 30 and 54, respectively. Patients who achieved CS-free remission without DE at week 30 sustained long-term IFX treatment without colectomy. However, one-third of the patients discontinued IFX treatment because of a primary nonresponse, and one-third experienced secondary loss of response (sLOR). IFX durability was higher in patients administered IFX plus azathioprine for >6 months. Four of five patients with very early onset UC had a primary nonresponse. Infusion reactions (IRs) occurred in 10 patients, resulting in discontinuation of IFX in four of these patients. No severe opportunistic infections occurred, except in one patient who developed acute focal bacterial nephritis. Three patients developed psoriasis-like lesions. Conclusion: IFX is relatively safe and effective for children with UC. Clinical remission at week 30 was associated with long-term durability of colectomy-free IFX treatment. However, approximately two-thirds of the patients were unable to continue IFX therapy because of primary nonresponse, sLOR, IRs, and other side effects.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.473-479
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• 2021

미만성 갑상샘질환은 그 진단 기준이 모호하고 숙련자의 주관적인 진단에 따라 오류가 많이 발생한다. 또한 갑상샘 결절의 초음파 영상에 관한 연구는 활발히 이루어졌지만 미만성 갑상샘질환에 관한 연구 사례는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 정상과 미만성 갑상샘질환의 영상에 GLCM 알고리즘을 적용하여 영상의 특징을 추출하고 추출된 특징값을 파라미터를 이용하여 정량적인 분석을 하였다. W 병원에서 진단한 환자의 갑상샘 초음파 영상을 대상으로 GLCM 알고리즘을 이용하여 정상 199증례, 경도 132증례, 중등도 99증례 총 영상 430증례에 관심영역(50×50 pixel)을 설정하고, 각 영상에서 Autocorrelation, Sum of squares, Sum average, Sum variance, Cluster prominence, Energy 6가지 파라미터를 이용하여 분석하였다. Autocorrelation, Sum of squares, Sum average, Sum variance 4가지 파라미터에서 Normal, Mild, Moderate를 구분하는데 90%이상의 높은 인식률을 보였다. 미만성 갑상샙질환의 초음파영상에서 GLCM 알고리즘을 이용하여 미만성 갑상샘질환의 심각도 정도를 분류하는 기준으로서 가치가 있다. 이러한 파라미터를 적용하여 갑상샘질환의 진단에 있어 육안 판독에 따른 오류를 감소시키고 미만성 갑상샘질환 진단의 2차적인 수단으로 활용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권7호
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• pp.232-237
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• 2012

Purpose: With feasibility in the diagnoses of congenital heart disease (CHD) in the antenatal period, we suspect changes have occurred in its incidence. No data have been reported about the current incidence of simple forms of CHD in Korea. We have attempted to assess the recent incidence and characteristics of CHD in the neonatal care unit of a secondary referral medical center. Methods: Medical records of 497 neonatal care unit patients who underwent echocardiography in the past 5 years were reviewed. Preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus and other transient, minimal lesions were excluded from this study. Results: Although the number of inpatients remained stable, the incidence of simple forms of CHD showed a gradual decrease over the 5-year study period; a markedly low incidence of complex forms was seen as well. CHD was observed in 3.7% full-term and 6.8% pre-term infants. CHD was observed in 152 infants weighing >2,500 g (3.5% of corresponding birth weight infants); 65 weighing 1,000 to 2,500 g (9.3%); and 6 weighing <1,000 g (8.0%). The incidence of CHD was higher in the pre-term group and the low birth weight group than in each corresponding subgroup (P<0.001); however, the incidence of complex CHD in full-term neonates was high. The number of patients with extracardiac structural anomalies has also shown a gradual decrease every year for the past 5 years. Conclusion: Findings from our study suggest that the recent incidence and disease pattern of CHD might have changed for both complex and simple forms of CHD in Korea.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

"Yixuerumen" is a comprehensive medical text published in the Ming-dynasty by Li Chan(李梴). In this text, Sanghan(傷寒, cold damage) is categorized among external contraction(外感) with much emphasis. The subject of this study is the verse "The Principal and secondary aspects must first be decided." and its annotations in the in the Sanghan chapter of "Yixuerumen". The complex theoretical structure of this verse was firstly analyzed, together with the historical background of how and why Li Chan adopted this concept. The Pyo-Bon concept is the contrast between phenomena(標) and its underlying source of motivation(本). The methodology for this study was to compare and analyze this main verse with contents on Sanghan and Un-gi(運氣) within the text, while reviewing historical theories explaining the physiology and pathology of the human body in terms of the Pyo-bon(標本) concept. As a result, we discovered that the Pyo-bon(標本) concept used in the aforementioned verse of "Yixuerumen" matches the Three Eum Three Yang(三陰三陽)-標本中氣(pyo-bon-jung gi)-gi transformation(氣化) theory of Un-gi(運氣). Li Chan created the connecting link in understanding the Three Eum Three Yang diagnosis system through the viscera/bowels theory(臟腑論) by adopting the Three Eum Three Yang(三陰三陽)-標本中氣(pyo-bon-jung gi)-gi transformation(氣化) theory from Un-gi. Li's work lead to several changes in the field of Sanghan. First, Li understood the disease pattern of Sanghan by using the accumulated knowledge of the viscera/bowel theory during the Jin-Yuan dynasty, and developed a medical perspective that observes the disease pattern based on the body's essence gi(精氣). Second, he set the category of the Sanghan-Three Eum Three Yang disease pattern, establishing a separate guideline. Third, by adding knowledge of herbs to the accumulated knowledge of the viscera/bowel theory, the process of diagnosis and herbal application were made explicable. On the other hand, in the process of interpreting the 三陰三陽 diagnosis system with viscera/bowels theory, theoretical inconsistencies appeared, of which Li tried to mend by several means. The results of the research on "Yixuerumen(醫學入門) the Sanghan chapter(傷寒篇)" calls for further studies, as it has effected both "Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) the Sanghan part(寒門)" and "Dongeuisoosebowon(東醫壽世保元)" as well.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2002

The subjects were 420 workers who received oriental and western health examination both in the workplaces for 1 month. This study was planned for the reflection of western health examination results through evaluation of Sasang constitution with use of data from western health examination, and for the presentation of basic data applicable to constitutional medicine with preventive medicine. Data that were collected in field research were analyzed into frequencies, One-Way ANOVA, Chi-square testing by the study purposes, and the research results were as follows: 1. The distribution of Sasang constitution in 420 subjects was Taeumin > Soumin > Soyangin, and the general characteristics of subject by Sasang constitution were no significant difference. 2. For the measured values for body by the subject of Sasang constitution, Taeumin had higher value for height, body weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure than other 2 constitutions. Soumin had the lowest values in average for all items, and on the other hand, Soyangin had high pulse pressure compared to other constitutions. It was significant difference between constitutions. 3. For the hematological average, Taeumin had high average for FBS, Total-C, GPT, and Taeumin ,and Soyangin had high in Hb compared to Soumin. Soyangin had the highest average for ${\gamma}-GPT$, and there were significant differences between FBS, Total-C, Hb, GPT, ${\gamma}-GTP$, excepting for GOT. 4. For the result of health examination by the Sasang constitution of subject, Taeumin showed the highest percentage in the items of obesity, primary care, secondary suspicion, and showed significant difference by the constitution. For the distribution of the past disease history by the health examination result of Sasang constitution, Taeumin and Soumin had high prevalence rate for hypertension, liver disease, and Soyangin had high prevalence rate for liver disease, hypertension. For the requirement of lifestyle improvement to the subject, the highest requirements by the Sasang constitution were physical exercise for Soumin, regulation of body weight for Taeumin, and it showed significant difference. For the requirement of primary care by the constitution, the highest requiremetns were obesity control for Taeumin, blood pressure control for Soumin, Soyangin, and liver suspicion was the highest distribution for each constitution in the case of having decision for secondary suspicion.