• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.423-439
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of and preferences for traditional seasonal foods in Deagu & Gyeongbuk. According to surveys, females (51.2%) demonstrated a higher preference level than males (48.8%), and that for 'married' subjects was highest. Most subjects were classified as 'nuclear family', and 55.0% lived in apartment housing. The reason they experienced or gained knowledge of Korean seasonal foods was parents, which accounted for 64.4%. Reasons for liking Korean traditional drinks was 'traditional food', which scored the highest at 62.8%, followed by 'seasonal food' at 30.4%. The most common reason for disliking Korean drinks was 'lack of information'. The perception of and preferences for seasonal foods were 'rice cake soup', which scored the highest (4.85 points), followed by 'Ginseng chicken soup' (4.70 points). As a result, popularization of traditional seasonal food was based on three factors: modernization, simplicity, and awareness, which significantly influence the preference for Korean traditional seasonal foods.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.155-166
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify determinants for the perception of traditional food and the probability of belonging to the succession group of traditional food. This study also analyzed foods for seasonal custom and strengths as well as direction concerning improvement of traditional foods, while taking the housewives' hometowns into account. Data were collected from 304 housewives living on Baengnyeong island. Regression analysis showed that family income, age, type, years of residence on Baengnyeong island and hometown were significantly related to the perception of traditional food. Among the significant variables, hometown was the most important factor in explaining perceptional differences. Logit analysis indicated that the probability of belonging to the succession group of traditional food was high with low educational level, high perceptional degree, and North Korea as a native country. The results of chi-square analysis proved that foods associated with seasonal custom, strengths and the improvement of traditional food were different between housewives having South Korea and North Korea as a native country. In this article, similarities and differences in the foods associated with seasonal customs, strengths and the direction concerning improvement of traditional foods are discussed, and implications for both nutritionists and food marketers are provided.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.239-248
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the systematic error, such as seasonal change or inadequate food items, in a food frequency questionnaire administered to workers in a Nuclear Power Plant, Korea. Methods : We performed three repeat-tests with 28 subjects on May 13, July 8 and Dec 16, 1992. Our food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) comprised 84 foods organized into 7 food-groups, and was composed of the items of usual intake frequency (8 categories) and the amount per intake (3 or 4 categories) over the previous year. We compared the means of intake frequency and the frequency of the portion-size according to each season using Repeated Measures ANOVA and Pearson's chisquare test with Fisher's exact test. Results : We found the significant seasonal changes of several food items in intake frequency measurement. These items were typical seasonal foods such as mandarin orange, plum and green vegetables, while the single questions consisted of inadequate food items such as thick beef or similar soup and various kimchi products. Significant seasonal changes in portion-size were found in only two items: cooked rice-brown and fresh frozen fishes. Conclusions : The systematic errors observed could caused loss of validity in the FFQ. Consideration should be given for seasonal variation in FFQ survey and methodological concerns are needed to improve the quality for measuring usual diet pattern.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.282-294
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• 2001

n accordance with the National Health Promotion Act of 1995, newly designed National Health and Nutrition Survey was carried out in winter of 1998. Although this survey amended most of the problems noted in previous Nutrition Surveys, it still had a limitation in reflecting seasonal variation in food intake due to the survey period which was confined to November and December. In order to counterbalance this limitation and estimate the yearly food intake of Korean population, three seasonal nutrition surveys were taken place in spring, summer, and fall of 1999. Seasonal Nutritional survey targeted 15 households each in 60 nationwide primary sampling units(PSUS) which were part of 200 PSUS of 1998 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Therefore, total of 2,700 households were surveyed in 3 seasons. The interviewers visited each household members and carried out face to face interview on household. Daily food intake was monitored using 24 hour recall method. According to the survey results, fruits, beverage and alcohol intake showed large variation with season while processed foods showed almost no variation. And intake of vegetables and fruits were influenced by their own harvesting time and had impact on the list of foods consumed most. With the result of the 1998 NHNS, this study made it possible to estimate the yearly average food intake of Korean population. The result of this survey is expected to be used in planning food supply and setting tolerance level of contaminants of each foods at the government level.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.510-517
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• 2018

The study investigated the seasonal and regional changes in the food components of raw laver Pyropia sp.. Samples were obtained monthly from December 2017 to March 2018 at auction markets located in Gangseo-gu, Busan (Nakdong-raw laver), Seocheon-gun, Chungnam, Wando-gun, Jeonnam and Goheung-gun, Jeonnam. The general components, heavy metals and minerals, free amino acids, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and antioxidant activities of the samples were analyzed. No significant physicochemical changes in the moisture, crude lipid, and ash contents were observed in the raw lavers tested. However, the crude protein content of Nakdong-raw laver was the highest in December 2017 at $7.20{\pm}0.28%$ and the content was higher seasonally and regionally than those of the other raw lavers. In addition, the taurine, zinc, manganese and TPC contents of Nakdong-raw laver was higher seasonally and regionally than those of the other raw lavers. The ethanolic extract of Nakdong-raw laver also had higher antioxidant activity, including as DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid]) radical scavenging activity, although there was no significant correlation between TPC and the antioxidant activity. This study is the first analysis of seasonal and regional changes in the major food components of raw laver cultivated in Korea.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.267-271
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• 2013

To examine the density effect and food concentration in the competitive output of two Bosmina species, the population growths of Bosmina fatalis were investigated by manipulating the density of B. longirostris and the concentration of algae. The B. fatalis density did not increase in conditions with abundant B. longirostris regardless of the food concentrations. The B. fatalis increased only at low densities of B. longirostris with high food concentrations. Based on the current results, a possible mechanism underlying the seasonal shift from B. longirostris to B. fatalis in Japanese eutrophic lakes will be explored below.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.426-438
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• 2001

Nutrient intake of Koreans from the 1999 Seasonal Nutrition Survey was somewhat lower than those of 1995 National Nutrition Survey or 1998 National Health and Nutrition Survey owing to the seasonal variation in amount and kind of foods eaten. In addition to the seasonal variation, low response rate of households which were surveyed twice was another reason for lower intake. Analysis of the major source of nutrients showed that intake of energy, carbohydrate, vitamin A and vitamin C was influenced by seasonal food supply pattern. And especially, vitamin A and vitamin C intake was more influenced by consumption of fruits and vegetables than other food groups. Main sources of these two nutrients were spinach and strawberry in spring, watermelon, tomato, melon and potato in summer, and grapes and pumpkin in autumn. As shown before in the report on food consumption, intake of beverages, drinks, fruits and vegetables was more influenced by season than others and these food groups affected the nutrient intake most. With the results of the 1998 National Health and Nutrition Survey, this study made it possible to estimate the average nutrient intake of the Korean population through out a year.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.277-293
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• 2008

We conducted a consensual, expansive, and successive study to compare cultural differences and similarities between Korean, Chinese and Japanese's Seasonal Festivals and Foods documentarily. It showed interesting results that the three countries had celebrated with similar meanings, and shared similar events and special foods. Seasonal Festivals happen throughout the year sequentially: the New Year Day, January $15^{th}$(first full moon festival), March $3^{rd}$(double three day), May $5^{th}$(double five day), July $7^{th}$(double seven day) and finally the Year Farewell Festival. While, the festival of a royal birthday of Buddha happens on April $8^{th}$ in both countries: Korea and Japan. There is also one of the big festivals called the harvest moon festival on August $15^{th}$, and this event celebrates with special foods both in Korea and China. On December $23^{th}$, it is a special day for both Chinese and Japanese, but they celebrate the day with different meanings to it. Three countries have a special seasonal event celebrated each other. Koreans have a special event called Sambok to overcome summer with special food during a middle of June to the beginning of July. Chinese have a special event for overcoming winter with soup on December $8^{th}$. Japanese have a special event with rice cake to safety on January $11^{th}$. On these seasonal festivals, it is different to note that two different kinds of calendars are used. The lunar calendar is used by Koreans and Chinese whereas the solar calendar is used by Japanese. Because of the similarity in Buddhism, and agricultural industry, and especially sharing Chinese Characters in words, these three countries have in common in many ways to celebrate Seasonal Festival, and it is very unique custom in the world. Nowadays; however, these traditional events and special foods are changing in more simplified version and almost disappearing in all three countries. Therefore, we suggest that the Seasonal Festivals and Foods should be more emphasized in flourishing and exchanging between Korea, China and Japan.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in seasonal bioactive components of 4 and 6 years old fresh ginseng (Panax ginseng) and to provide basic information on the development of functional food using fresh ginseng. Seasonal changes were investigated by ginseng saponin analysis using HPLC method and acidic polysaccharides by carbazole sulfuric acid method. Total saponins showed the highest content of fresh ginseng collected in May, followed by March, July, and September. Fresh ginseng collected in May showed 2.5 times (4 years old) - 3.0 times (6 years old) higher than fresh ginseng collected in September. Acidic polysaccharides showed high content of fresh ginseng collected in March and September, and low content of fresh ginseng collected in May and July. From these results, the fresh ginseng collected in May can develop high concentrations of saponin. On the other hand, fresh ginseng collected in March and September is thought to be able to develop high concentration products of acidic polysaccharides.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.273-282
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to nut a survey on the seasonal menu and consumer's acceptance test of free meals for the elderly facility in Sungnam Region. The elderly meals of the free lunch meal service were mainly composed of staple food, hot soup, and three kinds of side dishes. Questionare for accentance test was developed based on the seasonal menu including 13 kinds of cooked rices, 43 kinds of soups and 94 kinds of side dishes. The test was run for 104 elderly living and receving the service in the area. Average age of the subjects was 75.9 and 43% was male 57% was female. The 81% and 88% of the subject answered 'yes' on the intake of breakfast and dinner respectively representing high percentages of regular meal habits of the elderly. The cooked rice with black beans had significantly the highest acceptance score among the rice group and soups prepared with chunggukjang and cabbage had higher accentance scores(P<0.05). In the side dish groups, broiled eed, croakers, and various kinds of namuls had relatively higher scores than the others with significant difference at P<0.05.