• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.219-226
• /
• 2001

To identity the composition and ratio of the sex pheromone in the asiatic leafroller, Archippus breviplicanus (Walsingham), which is a major pest on apple leaves, and to develop a monitoring system using this sex pheromone, abdominal tips of their virgin female during the calling period were extracted and analysed. The GC/GC-MS analysis revealed the following three compounds; (E)11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14: Ac), (Z)11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14: Ac), and tetradecyl acetate(14: Ac) with the ratio of 56:22:22. Electroantennogram (EAG) assay was also conducted to examine biological activity of the components. The three components evoked significantly higher responses than hexane or air but there was no significant differences between the mixtures made by components. Field trapping experiments for determining the optimum blend, seasonal fluctuation and the optimum amount for male attracting were carried out over 4 years from 1997 to 2000. Although male moths were attracted to 8:2 and 7:3 between E11-14: Ac and Z11-14: Ac, their 7:3 blend was found to be the most effective. Archippus breviplicanus appears to occur three times a year in Korea. The optimum amount for monitoring was found to be 1mg per trap. 14: Ac, the third component, did not show synergistic effect on male moth attraction.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.299-304
• /
• 2010

The striped fruit fly, Baetrocera scutellata (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the most important pests in Cucurbitaceae plants. Among 6 attractants for B. scutellata used, Cue-lure was shown better effect than the others. Newly emerged adult of B. scutellata had been occurred early June of the year tested. There were two peaks of occurrences of B. scutellata, one was from mid-July to early August and the other was early September suggesting that B. scutellata has two generation a year. The larva of B. seutellata damaging the female flower and stem of the pumpkin was found for the frist time on Korea. The blossoms were damaged and fallen by B. scutellata which were 53.8% of male flower and 30.7% of female flower in the 6 pumpkins. The pumpkin flowers were damaged 51.9% by B. scutellata. Especially thc pumpkin flowers damaged were shown 72.7% (1015/1397 individuals) from August to September. The larva of B. scutellata was found from the Trichosanthes kirilowii on 24 June 2009 in Jinan-gun Jeollabuk-do.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.403-412
• /
• 2017

To investigate the control effect of insect pests by natural enemies, sticky traps were used in commercial tomato greenhouses in Chun-cheon and the experiment fields of Gangwon-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Republic of Korea using semi-forcing culture (February to June). We selected low toxicity pesticides, environment-friendly agricultural materials (EFAM), and natural enemies of the study species, combinations of which have been previously used in farms to control insect pests. In this study, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and thrips, which are major agricultural insect pests, were studied in experimental greenhouses. The adult T. vaporariorum population was observed in mid-April and the population of thrips showed occurrences in early April. Regarding seasonal fluctuation, T. vaporariorum peaked in mid-May and thrips peaked after June. one insecticide, spiromesifen suspension concentrate (SC); one fungicide, cyazofamid SC; and two EFAMs containing neem tree extract were shown to be slightly toxic to Encarsia formosa and Orius laevigatus. The results of this study could be used to develop management models using natural enemies of control the insect pests; T. vaporariorum and thrips in semi-forcing culture of tomato.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.158-169
• /
• 2013

Finespotted flounder, used for a representative raw fish in spring, is considered comparatively difficult to breed, which causes small Olive flounder and Stone flounder from China, similar kinds of flounders, to appear on the market for sale under the name of 'Finespotted flounder.' The reason lies under the considerations that small Olive flounder and Stone flounder from China are relatively lower priced and in higher supply and demand, being difficult to distinguish from Finespotted flounder when sliced with bones. Thus, the purpose of our thesis is to distinguish Finespotted flounder from similar kinds of fish analyzing the lipid content in slices of raw fish and SDS-PAGE(sodiumdodecylsullipide-polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis). Upon comparing the main components between sliced Finespotted flounder and similar kinds of fish, such as small Olive flounder and Stone flounder from China, we found that there are no noticeable differences among them in moisture content, and little, if any noticeable differences, in crude protein and ash content(P>0.05). Based on these analyses, we have conclude that commercial raw fish restaurants sell small Olive flounder and Stone flounder under the name of Finespotted flounder. However, a variety of factors have an effect on our analysis, such as the individual characteristics of fish and a seasonal variation. The aim of our analysis is to enhance more accurate distinction criteria, although some fish kinds can be discerned with our present technique of examining lipid content and SDS-PAGE. Through more sophisticated analyses developed by consistent research, we look forward to attaining more accurate techniques for discerning between Finespotted flounder and different kinds of similar fish.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.726-736
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to obtain the basal information for standard amount of clothing weight indoor climate and working condition with investigating seasonal changes of skin temperature and factors influencing on that in Koreans. Forty eight subjects in 5 age groups(6-11, 12-19, 20-44, 45-64, 65-76 years old) with both sexs were measured skin temperature indoor climate clothing microclimate clothing weight and skinfold thickness in neutral condition in each month throughout the year. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Indoor climate koreans felt comfortable ranged 18.1-28.7$^{\circ}C$ and 51-74%RH. 2. Temperature inside the clothing ranged 30.8-32.3$^{\circ}C$ in males and 31.0-32.5$^{\circ}C$in females. There was a significant difference in temperature inside the clothing among age groups : That of 6019 age group was slightly higher than that at 45-76 age group. 3. Total clothing weight changed with season and increased in order of summer autumn spring and winter Total clothing weight of 65-76 age group was significantly greater on January and February. Breast skinfold thickness showed the smallest value in summer and the largest value in winter year. In addition to breast and abdomen skinfold thickness were larger in 45-67 age group while thigh skinfold thickness was larger in 6-19 age group. Skinfold thickness in females showed the smallest value in spring summer and the largest value in autumn and winter. In addition to triceps and suprailliac skinfold thickness were larger in 45-64 age group while thigh skinfold thickness was larger in 12-19 age goup. 5. Temperature of the lower limbs(hand, thigh. leg, and foot) showed significant correlation with the indoor temperature humidity inside clothing and total clothing weight. Temperature of the torso(breast and abdomen) showed significant correlation with the temperature inside clothing in all subjects. Abdomen skinfold thickness of all age group in male showed significant correlation with the abdomen skin temperature. triceps suprailliac and thigh skinfold thickness of 6-11 age group in female showed significant correation the upperarm abdomen and thigh skin temperature. Consequently clothing mdicroclimate total clothing weight and skinfold thickness showed significant difference in season sex and ages and had a slight effect on skin temperature.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.153-164
• /
• 2009

This Paper presents the severity analysis result of the year 2006 national pedestrian crashes using the data base of 37,589 records prepared for the National Police Bureau. A set of attributing factors considered to affect pedestrian crash patterns were selected, and their contributing effects were investigated by applying the Ordered Logit Model. This model was selected because this model has been able to afford satisfactory results when the dependent variable involved ordered severity levels; fatal, injury, and property- damage-only in this investigation. The investigation has unveiled the followings; First, the pedestrian crash patterns were dependent upon human -drivel and pedestrian- characteristics including gender, age, and drinking conditions. Second, other contributing factors included vehicle, roadway geometric, weather, and hour of day characteristics. Third, seasonal effect was not contributive to crash patterns. Finally, the application of the Ordered Logit Model facilitated the ordered severity level analysis of the pedestrian crash data. This paper concludes that conventional wisdom on the pedestrian crash characteristics is largely truthful. However, this conclusion is limited only to the data used in this analysis, and further research is required for its generalization.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 1983

This experiment was carried out in order to study the effect of seasonal changes and location differences on the productivity of the native reed (Phragmites Communis Trinius). The samples of reed were taken at about 30-days interval from May to October, 1982, on the open field of the reclaimed land, the river bank and the tideland in Chonnam area, and measured the yield, the feed compositions and in vitro dry-matter digestibility(IVD). The results are summarized as follow: 1. Plant height was rapidly heightened in May and June, and the number of leaves rapidly increased from May to August. However, dry matter yield increased until September and gradually decreased thereafter. 2. In general, the content of crude protein and the in vitro dry matter digestibility decreased with ageing, and the content of fiber increased. 3. Considerable difference by location in the chemical composition including $SiO_2$, Ca and P was observed. 4. There was a significant negative correlation (p<0.05) between the content of crude protein and that of crude fiber. There was a significant positive correlation(p<0.05) between the in vitro dry-matter digestibility(IVD) by two-stage method and the content of crude protein, and also was a significant negative correlation(p<0.05) between the content of fiber and that of crude protein.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.323-334
• /
• 2021

Pilot-scale coagulation and sedimentation processes were operated to investigate the T-P (Total phosphorus) removal efficiency. A multiple regression model was also derived to predict the water quality improvement effect with river water characteristics. The inflow rates for the pilot-scale facility were 157-576 m³/day, and the coagulant doses were in the range of 13.7-58.5 mg/L (average 38.9 mg/L) for PAC (Poly alum chloride) and 16.5-62.1 mg/L (average 36.0 mg/L) for alum. The results found that the influent BOD (Biochemical oxygen demand) and T-P concentrations were 4.9 mg/L and 0.115 mg/L, and the removal efficiencies were 52.7% and 59.4%, respectively. T-P removal efficiencies on wet weather days were higher by 10% than dry weather days because influent solids influenced T-P's coagulation process. The pH of river water was 6.9-7.8, and the average pH was 7.3. Although the pH variation was not significant, the trend showed that the treatment efficiency of T-P and PO₄-P removal increased. Thus, the pH range considered in this study seems to be appropriate for the coagulation process, which is essential for phosphorous removal. The T-P removal efficiencies were 19.6-93.3% (average 59.2%) for PAC and 16.4-98.5%(average 55.9%) for alum; thus, both coagulants showed similar results. Furthermore, the average coagulant doses were similar at 42.4 mg/L for PAC and 41.3 mg/L for alum. When the T-P concentration of the effluent was compared by the [Al]/[P] ratio, the phosphorus concentration of the treated water decreased with an increasing [Al]/[P] ratio, and the lowest T-P concentration range appeared at the [Al]/[P] ratio of 10-30. A seasonal multiple regression analysis equations were derived from the relationships between 10 independent and dependent variables (T-P concentration of effluent). This study could help lake water quality maintenance, reduce eutrophication, and improve direction settings for urban planning, especially plans related to developing waterfront cities.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.377-384
• /
• 2021

Researching the soil fungal community is important to understand the interaction between fungi and living plants. However, too few studies have examined the soil fungal community and their interactions with plants. Rhododendron mucronulatum, commonly known as Korean rosebay, is an important forest resource that has aesthetic, ecological, and potential pharmacological values. We used a pyrosequencing method to analyze the characteristics of fungal communities from R. mucronulatum soil samples from Biseul mountain county park, which is one of the famous places for large R. mucronulatum colonies in South Korea. We collected soil core samples in February and August at three sites in the Biseul Mountain County Park, taking into consideration the regional and seasonal conditions. We obtained 454,157 validated reads after pyrosequencing all six samples. The fungal communities from the first observation spot in August had the richest species diversity among the samples. Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Mortierellomycota were major phyla in the samples. Agaricales_f, Mortierellaceae, and Clavariaceae were major families in the samples. The genus Mortierella was the most dominant in all six samples. Overall, 19 genera could be associated with R. mucronulatum. Sample 1 had 109 genera in sample 1, sample 2 had 111 genera, and sample 3 had 112 genera that were uniquely identified. The samples collected in August had 28 identified genera, that existed only in summer samples, indicating a weather effect. This study can be used as basic research to understand the relationship between soil fungi and plants.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 2020

To investigate effect of variation in physiochemical conditions due to river discharge on phytoplankton, field surveys were conducted in the Seomjin and Yeongsan River estuaries from April to November 2016. The concentrations of DIN and DSi in Seomjin River estuary were gradually low as distance from upstream. On the other hands, the concentrations of DIN and DSi in Yeongsan River estuary were critically high at upstream, due to which is characterized as semi-enclosed eutrophic area. A total of 12 phytoplankton pigments were analyzed, and the distribution of each taxa was investigated using indicator for each phytoplankton taxa. Fucoxanthin, an indicator pigment of diatoms, showed an average of 0.61±1.00 ㎍ l^-1 and 0.76±1.22 ㎍ l^-1 in the Seomjin and Yeongsan River estuaries, respectively. Concentration of fucoxanthin was more than twice that of other pigments except chlorophyll a., indicating that diatoms were dominant taxa. Peridinin, an indicator pigment of dinoflagellate, showed some similar tendency to the microscopic observation, but mismatch results were also present, indicating a technical limitation of pigment analysis. Chlorophyll b, alloxanthin, and zeaxanthin, which are indicator pigments of green algae, cryptomonads, and cyanobacteria, were detected in both estuaries even though those taxa were not detected in microscopic observation. This indicates that the two estuaries were affected by freshwater species. Here, we can suggest that phytoplankton composition in estuary was directly influenced by the inflow from upstream. In particular, the phytoplankton population dynamics in Yeongsan River estuary was greatly associated with a large-scale artificial dyke, especially in summer rainy season. On the other hands, the seasonal and horizontal distribution of phytoplankton in Seomjin River estuary has changed along the salinity gradients and inflow-related changes.