• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.306-311
• /
• 2015

Recently, vessel hijacking by pirates has been a big issue around the world. In case of the hostages of M/V "SAMHO Jewelry" on January 20, 2011, the Korean Navy has rescued 21 seafarers by first naval operation with somalia pirates since establishment of the Navy. Also, in case of the "HANJIN Tianjin", all crews evacuated to the Citadel promptly when being attacking by pirates and were safely rescued by the navy. By the accident, Necessity of Citadel for seafarer on board ship came to the fore against pirates. Taking in account increasing pirates accident at sea, many research relating to pirates has been implementing with a view to responding to them so far. By amending the ship facility regulation in the domestic law on Jan. 2011, the installment of Citadel on board ship became mandatory for ocean going vessel serving pirates area. Hence, this paper provides new model of Citadel structure based on an Fire Dynamic simulation in order to improve personal safety in case of vessel hijacking.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.268-277
• /
• 2016

This paper aims at presenting bunkering educational programs for LNG fueled ship taking into consideration existing similar education programs and safety systems at the international level in order to enhance both seafarers' and vessels' safety. Heavy fuel oil has typically been used as fuel of ship propulsion. The competitiveness of the fuel oil is recently getting weak in terms of cost and environmental aspects. Liquefied natural gas is introduced for ship propulsion in the maritime field as a new energy source replacing heavy fuel oil. In order to prepare for installation and operation of LNG fueled propulsion ship on board, International Maritime Organization has discussed this subject for about 10 years. As a result of the discussion on such ships in IMO, the International Code of Safety for Ships Using Gases or Other Low-Flash-Point Fuels entered into force on the year 2015. International organizations and several countries therefore drives actively entire researches and other businesses with a view to providing equipment and system of LNG bunkering. The systems are divided into ship-to-ship transfer, terminal / pipeline-to-ship transfer and truck-to-ship transfer. By adopting transfer system of LNG bunkering, many human resources will be needed in these areas on scene as well as on managing, operating, trading, finance, design of LNG bunkering industries. LNG bunkering is just in the beginning stage. Hence, this paper reviews and proposes professional educational programs of LNG bunkering in consideration of technical aspects of the safety system of LNG bunkering based on the types of bunkering systems.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.361-368
• /
• 2019

Aid to Navigation (AtoN) is the artificial facilities to facilitate the ship's safe navigation using light, shape, color, sound, and radio waves. IALA has developed and operated the educational course for expert groups for the design, deployment, and management of AtoN. Also, maritime educational institutes have operated various educational courses for safe navigation through the ship's operation and ECDIS curriculum for seafarers. However, education using the AtoN Simulator System is needed to prevent marine accidents caused by misunderstanding of the AtoN according to various topographical, environmental, and maritime traffic environments. In this study, the existing ship handling simulator and AtoN simulator were applied to develop educational modules for accurate understanding and application of AtoN in various environments, enhancing the quality of education from the existing theoretical point of view and improving practical use to maximize educational efforts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2004.08a
• /
• pp.113-120
• /
• 2004

Considering the present and expected demand for human resources by the maritime community, its quantity and quality depend on the number of the ships and the technology applied to them. Scientific and economic developments in this community bring the intensive use of modem technology for many of ships operation. Generally it effects to reduce the quantity of manpower, while it increases the requirement of qualifications of human resources to utilize such advanced technology. Considering above, the maritime education, training and research activities should be revised and updated according to the demand of the community. Because of a difference between the transition of the demand for the human resources and development of the maritime education, training and research activities, there are two most common questions as “What to teach” and “How to teach”. The first question has been asked for many years. The contents of maritime education and training are always related to the existing maritime knowledge and technology and should be updated with consideration of changes of the demand namely “Globalisation of maritime community”. It brings globalisation of the maritime education, training and research activities. The second question is still keeping us busy to look for the best way. Presently traditional methods are used together with new system, while the use of sophisticated simulation, communication and information systems etc. and it is changing our understanding on teaching. This paper introduces the new role of Maritime Institutions from the viewpoints of the maritime education. training and research activities. The role of guide for seafarers and maritime companies is always essential and the concepts such as “Refreshment Training”, “On the Job Training”, “Lifelong” or “Continuous Training” bring new understanding to the training period, trainee's age and position. As a result, the maritime institutions should be ready for their new role, which is, in brief, guiding the maritime society, recommending and providing new learning environments, organising research and developments, performing the education, training and assessment, improving existing methods and developing new methods of the education, training and assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.701-708
• /
• 2018

Human error is an important cause of maritime accidents and the identification of human error is fundamental to maritime-accident preventions. In particular, the pattern of technical behavior taken in the circumstance of bridge teams(navigator & helmsman) provides important information to identify human error. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze technical behavior pattern of bridge teams using Williamson's turn for rescue of persons overboard. The focus of this study is to build and analyze a cognitive model of the human behavior factors of the bridge teams in the process of implementing the experiments. The experimental environment was constructed using a ship-handling simulator and conducted an experiment on participants from 24 bridge teams. As a result of the experiment, it was able to identify the behavior pattern of the ship's maneuvering and maintain trajectory using the rudder and engine. This study is expected to correct human error in the bridge teams application to the certification and training of seafarers.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.33 no.8
• /
• pp.531-537
• /
• 2009

As the Port State Control Inspection recognized that almost marine casualties are caused by human faults rather than vessel's defaults, it has put more emphasis on the qualification of ships' crew and the education required. Accordingly, for shipping companies it is an urgent task to operate effective crew education system that can meet the standards of international agreements and domestic laws. Therefore, this study aims at deriving the attitude of crews of 'S' shipping company on the education and some implication for the effective crew education systems. For this questionnaire survey has been carried out and the data analysed by the respondent groups.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.229-235
• /
• 2008

This paper was provided to apply the ITC-Hulls Clauses & ISM Code for the accident of sunken ship which was occurred by seamen's barratry. For the causes of the sunken accident, the underwriter insisted toot shipowner submerged the vessel intentionally for the purpose of the insured amounts, while shipowner protests toot the ship was submerged because of crews faults. In this connection, the judge sentenced toot this accident was caused by humans errors as the Provisions of 6.2.4 of ITC-Hulls, however shipowner is responsible for hiring onboard qualified seafarers and carrying out the due diligence for performing ISM Code for ensuring ship's safety and seaworthiness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.56 no.2
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 2020

Engaged in trawling in limited fishing grounds with a number of fish schools could cause collisions between fishing vessels. Therefore, providing accurate maneuver information according to the situation could be regarded as essential for improving seafarers safety and fishing efficiency as well as safety of navigation. It is difficult to obtain all maneuver information through sea trial tests only, so a method through empirical formula is necessary. Since most empirical formulas are developed for merchant ship types, especially the characteristics of hull shape parameter like C_bB/L and dC_b/B etc. are clearly different between fishing vessels and merchant ships, this could occur estimation errors. Therefore, in this study, the authors have selected target fishing vessels and merchant ships and analyzed the characteristics of hull shape parameter according to the ship types. Based on this analysis, the empirical formula developed for the merchant ship type has applied to the target fishing vessels; it has verified through the turning motion simulation that the estimation error could be generated. In conclusion, it is necessary to include the characteristics of the hull shape parameter of fishing vessels in the empirical formula in order to apply the empirical formula has developed for merchant ship types to fishing vessel types.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.455-462
• /
• 2011

The accident in the Fukushima nuclear plant caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011 is raising voices concerning over radioactive contamination losses. In particular, radioactive contamination losses threaten the safe navigation of vessels, and may impair seafarers' safety and impede the healthy growth of world economy through marine transportation. In case vessels or cargos suffer radioactive contamination losses, it will take a high cost to remove the radioactive contaminants, and in worse cases the contaminated vessels or cargos may have to be abandoned. Furthermore, if seamen are exposed to radioactivity, their treatment can be raised as a crucial issue. Nevertheless, it has not been reviewed clearly by what method and on what ground such losses should be covered in case radioactive contamination losses take place. Thus, this study purposed to review coverage for radioactive contamination losses in marine insurance as an ex post preparation for damages caused by radioactive contamination.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.413-424
• /
• 2003

Up to now it has been widely conceived that mariner's compass was introduced to Europe from China via the Arabic people. But the proofs to support the above orthodox dissertation have not been found yet. In general it has been approved that the Chinese used the compass for navigation in the 11th century and European did in the 12th century. During the above period the communication between the Europe and the China was made only by the mediation of the Arabic people. But it is known that the beginning of Arabic people's compass usage was one century later than that of the European. It may raise a historical question about ‘was mariner's compass introduced to Europe from China via the Arabic people\ulcorner’ In this paper the authors tried to prove the simultaneity of the mariner's compass usage by the European with the Chinese by reviewing historical materials and modern researches. The results are as following; The first, there is a strong similarity in the evolving steps of compass appliance of both civilizations, such as from using magnetized and pivoted needle to fixing card thereto. Second, the Chinese and the European started to use the mariner's compass almost at the same time, and they developed it independently.