• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.101-109
• /
• 2019

This paper examines the classification of five coniferous species, including larch (Larix kaempferi), red pine (Pinus densiflora), Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis), cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), and cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), using near-infrared (NIR) spectra. Fifty lumber samples were collected for each species. After air-drying the lumber, the NIR spectra (wavelength = 780-2500 nm) were acquired on the wide face of the lumber samples. Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) was performed to classify the five species using their NIR spectra. Three types of spectra (raw, standard normal variated, and Savitzky-Golay $2^{nd}$ derivative) were used to compare the classification reliability of the SIMCA models. The SIMCA model based on Savitzky-Golay $2^{nd}$ derivatives preprocessing was determined as the best classification model in this study. The accuracy, minimum precision, and minimum recall of the best model (PCA models using Savitzky-Golay $2^{nd}$ derivative preprocessed spectra) were evaluated as 73.00%, 98.54% (Korean pine), and 67.50% (Korean pine), respectively.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제25권9호
• /
• pp.489-497
• /
• 2022

The first specimen (54.8 mm standard length) of Ernogrammus zhirmunskii Markevich & Kharin, 2011, belonging to the family Stichaeidae, was recorded in Dokdo, East Sea, Korea on July 26, 2021. This species was characterized by a single ventral lateral-line canal from the posterior margin of the pelvic-fin base extending to the anus and one or two rigid spines on the posterior part of the anal fin. This species is similar to Ernogrammus hexagrammus and Ernogrammus walkeri but differs in the number of ventral lateral-line canal present, with E. zhirmunskii consisting of one (unpaired) ventral lateral-line canal compared to other two Ernogrammus species, which have a pair of parallel ventral lateral-line canal. For further analysis of species identification, a partial gene sequence from the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (554 bp) of E. zhirmunskii was obtained for the first time. This study documents the first record of E. zhirmunskii in Korean waters and proposes the new Korean name of 'Il-gob-julbe-do-la-chi' for the species.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.797-808
• /
• 2017

Automatic wood species identification systems have enabled fast and accurate identification of wood species outside of specialized laboratories with well-trained experts on wood species identification. Conventional automatic wood species identification systems consist of two major parts: a feature extractor and a classifier. Feature extractors require hand-engineering to obtain optimal features to quantify the content of an image. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which is one of the Deep Learning methods, trained for wood species can extract intrinsic feature representations and classify them correctly. It usually outperforms classifiers built on top of extracted features with a hand-tuning process. We developed an automatic wood species identification system utilizing CNN models such as LeNet, MiniVGGNet, and their variants. A smartphone camera was used for obtaining macroscopic images of rough sawn surfaces from cross sections of woods. Five Korean softwood species (cedar, cypress, Korean pine, Korean red pine, and larch) were under classification by the CNN models. The highest and most stable CNN model was LeNet3 that is two additional layers added to the original LeNet architecture. The accuracy of species identification by LeNet3 architecture for the five Korean softwood species was 99.3%. The result showed the automatic wood species identification system is sufficiently fast and accurate as well as small to be deployed to a mobile device such as a smartphone.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.77-83
• /
• 2022

This study was conducted from March 2018 to December 2019 to identify bird diversity and environmental correlates within the Mulchat-oream wetlands in the Jeju Islands of South Korea. A total of 255 individual belonging to 37 species were recorded form Mulchat-oream. The observation produced a species diversity of 3.14, species richness of 6.54 and species evenness of 0.88 in 2018, and in 2019, the observed species diversity was 3.02, species richness was 6.56 and species evenness was 0.84. The highly dominant species are composed of Passeriformes. The absence of diverse submerged plants, deep water depth and isolated geographical locations makes difficult for aquatic birds to prefer this area, and this has resulted in the dominance of Passeriformes. The appearance of the birds was the lowest in the winter and highest during the summer. The analysis showed that the species richness and evenness increased with an increase in temperature and precipitation. However, the number of species appearing during Mulchat-oream significantly dependent on the temperature (P<0.001, df=2). To date, there has been little research on bird diversity together with environmental factors for the Hallasan National Park. This study shows the environmental factors and seasonal patterns that affect bird population.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.39-55
• /
• 2023

Exploring mixotrophy of dinoflagellate species is critical to understanding red-tide dynamics and dinoflagellate evolution. Some species in the dinoflagellate genus Karenia have caused harmful algal blooms. Among 10 Karenia species, the mixotrophic ability of only two species, Karenia mikimotoi and Karenia brevis, has been investigated. These species have been revealed to be mixotrophic; however, the mixotrophy of the other species should be explored. Moreover, although K. mikimotoi was previously known to be mixotrophic, only a few potential prey species have been tested. We explored the mixotrophic ability of Karenia bicuneiformis, Karenia papilionacea, and Karenia selliformis and the prey spectrum of K. mikimotoi by incubating them with 16 potential prey species, including a cyanobacterium, diatom, prymnesiophyte, prasinophyte, raphidophyte, cryptophytes, and dinoflagellates. Cells of K. bicuneiformis, K. papilionacea, and K. selliformis did not feed on any tested potential prey species, indicating a lack of mixotrophy. The present study newly discovered that K. mikimotoi was able to feed on the common cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia. The phylogenetic tree based on the large subunit ribosomal DNA showed that the mixotrophic species K. mikimotoi and K. brevis belonged to the same clade, but K. bicuneiformis, K. papilionacea, and K. selliformis were divided into different clades. Therefore, the presence or lack of a mixotrophic ability in this genus may be partially related to genetic characterizations. The results of this study suggest that Karenia species are not all mixotrophic, varying from the results of previous studies.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.314-329
• /
• 2015

섬진강의 본류와 지류를 대상으로 2010년 5월부터 2013년 9월까지 어류상을 연구한 결과, 총 13목 41과 81속 107종 37,751개체가 확인되었다. 출현어류 중에서 1차 담수어류는 57종 (53.3%), 2차 담수어류는 10종 (9.3%), 해산어류는 40종 (37.4%)으로 확인되었다. 전체 우점종은 피라미 Zacco platypus (28.7%), 아우점종은 참갈겨니 Z. koreanus (15.0%)로 나타났다. 한국 고유종은 전체 21종 (31.3%)이 출현하였으며 보성강 수계에서 19종으로 다양하게 확인되었다. 환경부지정 멸종위기 야생동물 I급인 임실납자루 Acheilognathus somjinensis, II급인 다묵장어 Lampetra reissneri와 모래주사 Microphysogobio koreensis 등 3종이었다. 외래종은 모두 3종으로 떡붕어 Carassius cuvieri, 블루길 Lepomis macrochirus 및 베스 Micropterus salmoides였다. 얼록동사리 Odontobutis interrupta는 섬진강 수계에 이입되어 서식하는 것으로 추정되었다.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.265-281
• /
• 2023

Hypoxia can indeed impact the survival of protists, which play a crucial role in marine ecosystems. To better understand the protistan community structure and species that can thrive in hypoxic waters, we collected samples from both the surface and bottom waters during the hypoxic period in Jinhae and Masan Bays and the non-hypoxic period in Jinhae Bay. Subsequently, we utilized metabarcoding techniques to identify the protistan species. During hypoxia, with dissolved oxygen concentrations of 0.8 mg L^-1 in Jinhae Bay and 1.8 mg L^-1 in Masan Bay within the bottom waters, the phylum Dinoflagellata exhibited the highest amplicon sequence variants richness among the identified protist phyla. Following the Dinoflagellata, Ochrophyta and Ciliophora also displayed notable presence. In hypoxic waters of Jinhae and Masan Bays, we identified a total of 36 dinoflagellate species that exhibited various trophic modes. These included one autotrophic species, 14 mixotrophic species, 9 phototrophic species with undetermined trophic modes (either autotrophic or mixotrophic), 2 kleptoplastidic species, and 10 heterotrophic species. Furthermore, the hypoxic bottom water exhibited a greater number of heterotrophic dinoflagellate species compared to the non-hypoxic surface water within the same water column or the non-hypoxic bottom water. Therefore, feeding by mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates may be partially responsible for their dominance in terms of the number of species surviving in hypoxic waters. This study not only introduces the initial documentation of 26 dinoflagellate species surviving in hypoxic conditions but also establishes a foundation for a more comprehensive understanding of the ecophysiology of dinoflagellates in hypoxic marine environments.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국문화재보존과학회 2003년도 제17회 학술대회 발표 논문집
• /
• pp.28-28
• /
• 2003

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국어업기술학회 2002년도 춘계 수산관련학회 공둥학술발표회
• /
• pp.612-612
• /
• 2002

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.383-389
• /
• 2003

1845 bp의 SeMIPS cDNA를 발육종자에서 분리하고 이 cDNA의 구조와 특성을 분석하였다. 이 cDNA는 엽록체로 향하는 신호펩타이드의 아미노산 서열이 존재하지 않아서 세포질형 MIPS로 예상되었다. 또한 이 cDNA의 아미노산 서열의 유사성은 다른 MIPS와 비교한 결과 60-94%의 높은 아미노산 서열 유사성을 보여주었으며, 특히 식물끼리의 유사성이 훨씬 높았다. Northern blot분석에서 볼 때 참깨의 조직별 SeMIPS mRNA는 완숙종자, 줄기, 뿌리에서는 약하게 발현되었고, 잎에서는 비교적 강하게 발현되는 현상을 보여주었다. Yeast 돌연변이체를 통한 활성 시험에서는 SeMIPS가 myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase의 효소활성을 가지고 있다는 실험적 증거를 얻었으며, C-말단 아미노산 20개가 효소활성에 필수적이라는 사실이 본 실험에서 검증되었다.