• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.41-42
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• 2004

Here, we have described and illustrated a new endemic species of Scutellaria orthocalyx. This species, from Jeju-do, Korea, is clearly distinguished from other species of Scutellaria orthocalyx, especially its close relative, Scutellaria orthocalyx has relatively many leaves further down the stem. The shape of leaves begins linear and becomes lanceolate. Scutellaria orthocalyx can also have long shaped leaves on the upper part. Scutellaria baicalensis by linear, terete, fistulous and long leaves. A index to these species is provided.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.124-135
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• 2007

Backgrounds : Scutellaria baicalensis has been used as a medicinal plant to treat various disease conditions accompanying inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of Scutellaria baicalensis against inflammatory, pain and edema Methods : In vitro, the effects of Scutellaria baicalensis against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation were investigated in mouse BV2 microglial cells. In vivo, the effects of Scutellaria baicalensis on acetic acid-induced writhing response, carrageenan-induced edema and the plantar test (nociceptive thermal stimulation) were investigated using rats and mice. Results : The present results showed that pre-treatment with the aqueous extract of Scutellaria baicalensis suppressed the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 expressions in mouse BV2 microglial cells. The aqueous extract of Scutellaria baicalensis inhibited acetic acid-induced abdominal pain in mice and also reduced thermal pain in rats. However, no significant inhibition on carrageenan-induced edema in rats. Conclusions : The present study showed that Scutellaria baicalensis possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.219-228
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• 2008

Objective : The present study was designed to investigate whether the water extract of the root of Scutellaria baicalensis could regulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced type 1 interferon. Methods : To evaluate of type 1 interferon inhibitory effect of the root of Scutellaria baicalensis, we examined type 1 interferon in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, Interleukin (IL)-10 and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) - 1, 7 expression level were examined to study the inhibition mechanisms. Results 1. Extract from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis didn't have any cytotoxity itelf. 2. Extract from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis inhibited interferon-a,b in dose dependant- and type 1 interferon production in time dependant manner. 3. Extract from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis reduced IL-10 and IRF-1, 7 production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion : The extract from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis down-regulated LPS-induced type 1 interferon through suppression of IL-10 and IRF-1, 7 expression. This results suggested that the extract from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis may be a beneficial drug against inflammatory diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.47-60
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of Scutellaria barbata D. D on on the cell proliferation of HeLa Cells. Methods : Human uterine cervical carcinoma HeLa cells were cultured in the 1%, 5% and 10% concentration of Scutellaria barbata D. D on solution for 24, 48 and 72 hours for the direct inhibitory effects of Scutellaria barbata D. D on. Then we examined the effect of Scutellaria barbata D. D on solution on the cell proliferation inhibition by XTT assay. DNA fragmentation, MAP kinase activity and caspase activity by FACS analysis in HeLa cells. Results : We found that the proliferation of HeLa cells was significantly decreased in Scutellaria barbata D. D on solution containing groups comparing with a control group in a concentration-dependant manner. When HeLa cells were cultivated for 24 hours with 5% Scutellaria barbata D. D on solution containing group, the percentage of HeLa cells with activated caspase was the highest. Scutellaria barbata D. D on solution reduced the MAP kinase activity of HeLa cells comparing with the control group. By the XTT assay, the cell's activity was decreased in 5% and 10% Scutellaria barbata D. D on solution containing groups in 24 and 72 hours cultivation and 10% group in 48 hours. DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity of HeLa cells, however, were changed insignificantly. Conclusion : From this study we could suggest that Scutellaria barbata D. D on is available to the inhibition and apoptosis of human cervical carcinoma cell line, HeLa cells in vitro.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.359-364
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• 1999

The studies were carried out to investigate antimicrobial activity of mixed extracts of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Scutellaria baicalensis G. and crab shell against lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi. The effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Scutellaria baicalensis G. extracts and crab shell on shelf life of kimchi were also investigated. The growth of heterofermentative and homofer mentative lactic acid bacteria was inhibited by 95% ethanol extracts of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Scutellaria baicalensis G. The pH of kimchi containing 1% of mixed extracts Lithospermum erythrorhizon. and Scutellaria baicalensis G., and crab shell was lower than control during fermentation for 25 days of 10oC. The viable cells of the kimchi samples were lower than that of control during fermentation. The sensory qualities of the kimchi samples were a little inferior to the control during shelf life of kimchi.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was conducted to determine if Scutellaria baicalensis can be used in cosmetic emulsion cream for patients with atopic dermatitis. Methods : Scutellaria baicalensis extract was obtained with the use of butylene glycol through the pressurized solvent extraction(PSE). The antioxidative activity was assessed through SOD-like activity measurement and skin irritating potential was tested using human patch test. Antimicrobial activity was measured by the clear zone formed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and the rheological effects on the emulsion creams were examined using oscillation test. Results : The SOD-like activity increased dose-dependently and was about 90% at 1,000ppm of Scutellaria baicalesis extract. And Scutellaria baicalensis extract did not show any potential to be irritating to the human skin, but it could not be used as an antimicrobial agent for its poor antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The complex modulus decreased by 1,000 pascals and the loss angle also decreased by 20% with the addition of Scutellaria baicalensis extract into the cosmetic emulsion creams, that is, the extract can confer more elastic property on the vehicle. Conclusion : From those results, Scutellaria baicalensis extract can be effectively used as an antioxidant and reinforces the elastic skincare film formed by the application of cream for patients with atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2018

Objectives: Alcoholic fatty liver is a potentially pathologic condition which can progress to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Scutellaria Radix (SR) extract on the alcoholic fatty liver induced by long-term EtOH administration. Results: Male Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. All animals were randomly divided into Normal group, treated with saline (n=10); EtOH group, treated with ethanol (n=10); EtOH+SR group, treated with ethanol+Scutellaria Radix extract (n=10). For oral administration of ethanol in EtOH and EtOH+SR group, the ethanol was dissolved in distilled water in concentrations of 25% (v/v). Throughout the experiment of 8 week, the rats were allowed free access to water and standard chow. Sample group were administrated by Scutellaria Radix extract daily for 8 weeks. Results: The levels of hepatic marker such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were altered. Histopathological changes such as ballooning, fatty and hydropic degeneration were reduced and the expression of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) was significantly attenuated by Scutellaria Radix extract. Conclusions: These data suggest that Scutellaria Radix extract attenuated the alcoholic simple fatty liver by improving hepatic lipid metabolism via suppression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ protein. Scutellaria Radix could be effective in protecting the liver from alcoholic fatty liver.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.708-712
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• 2011

This study was focused on the determination of antibacterial activity of $Scutellaria$ $baicalensis$ extract against antibiotic resistant bacteria($Salmonella$ Enteritidis, $Staphylococcus$ $aureus$ and enteroaggregative $E.$ $coli$). Extract of $Scutellaria$ $baicalensis$ were tested for antibacterial activity by paper disc methods. The $Scutellaria$ $baicalensis$ extract in 0.1 g/$m{\ell}$ and 0.2 g/$m{\ell}$ showed a significant antibacterial activity against antibiotic resistant bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of $Scutellaria$ $baicalensis$ extract were appeared to 2,048 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ at $S.$ Enteritidis, $S.$ $aureus$ and enteroaggregative $E.$ $coli$. Finally, the growth incubation curve was determined using $Scutellaria$ $baicalensis$ extract against $S.$ Enteritidis, $S.$ $aureus$ and enteroaggregative $E.$ $coli$. The growth of $S.$ Enteritidis was significantly inhibited within 10 hours by the addition of at least 10,000 ppm of $Scutellaria$ $baicalensis$ extract. The 10,000 ppm of $Scutellaria$ $baicalensis$ extract retarded the growth of $S.$ $aureus$ and enteroaggregative $E.$ $coli$ more than 10 hours. In conclusion, $Scutellaria$ $baicalensis$ extract might be useful to control antibiotic resistant bacteria $in$ $vitro$.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.69-99
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• 2011

Objective : Scutellaria baicalensis is one of the most popular and multi-purpose herb in traditional medicine. It is also useful for its practicability to cultivate in Korea. The purpose of this study is to contribute to researches and applications of scutellaria baicalensis by analyzing and reviewing international researches on the compositions and the effects of scutellaria baicalensis. Methods : This study analyzed 146 articles from PubMed by searching with the keyword "Scutellaria baicalensis", "Huang quin", "Baical Skullcap", "Huang qin", "baical skullcap root", "ogon", "Hwanggeum" and "Hwangkeum", published within the last 10 years(from 2000 to 2009). We reviewed the 146 articles on Scutellaria baicalensis and its active constituents in terms of 'Active constituents', 'Experimental studies', 'Clinical studies', 'Drug interaction', 'Side Effects/Toxicity' and 'Pharmacokinetics'. Results : The active constituents of Scutellaria baicalensis are flavonoids such as baicalein, baicalin, wogonin and oroxylin-A. It is reported that scutellaria baicalensis and its active compounds have antiinflammatory activity, antitumor activity, antioxidant activity, antiviral and antibiotic activity, neuroprotective effects, hepatoprotective effects and cardiovascular effect. Conclusions : This study is aimed to summarize the results obtained within the last 10 years and to contribute to following researches and applications of Scutellaria baicalensis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2006

Gastritis and gastric ulcer were known to be induced by gastic acid, stress, ethanol, Helicobacter pylori and free radical, etc. This study was performed for the development of a new drug or nutraceutical from medicinal plants or natural products with anti-gastritis, anti-ulcerative and gastroprotective activities. The water extract of Scutellaria baicalensis was exhibited potent inhibition in HCl ethanol-induced gastric lesion, acetic acid-induced and Shay ulcers, indicating the effects on gastric lesion and ulcer in rats. The water extract of Scutellaria baicalensis significantly inhibited HCl ethanol-induced gastric lesions at the oral dose of 300, 500 mg/kg. In pylorus ligated rats, the treatments of the water extract from Scutellaria baicalensis showed decrease in the volume of gastric secretion and acid output and increase pH at oral dose of 300, 500 mg/kg. And significantly reduced acetic acid-induced ulcer at the oral dose of 500 mg/kg for 12 days. In this study, we have found that the water extract from Scutellaria baicalensis had significant improvement in acute gastritis and ulcer at the dose of 300, 500 mg/kg and in chronic gastritis and ulcer at the dose of 500 mg/kg. Also we evaluated the antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori treated with Scutellaria baicalensis. Scutellaria baicalensis had a equivalent antibacterial activity with ampicilin against H. pylori at the dose of $100\;{\mu}/ml$. In histological examination, the water extract of Scutellaria baicalensis drastically restored gastric damages induced by HCl ethanol solution, pylorus- ligature and acetic acid. Therefore, we may use the water extract from Scutellaria baicalensis as antigastritic and antiulcerative agent for the purpose of the improvement or treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcer.