• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Malnutrition has multiple impacts on surgical success, postoperative complications, duration of hospital stay, and costs, particularly for cancer patients. There are various nutrition risk screening tools available for clinical use. Herein, we aim to determine the most appropriate nutritional risk screening system for esophageal cancer (EC) patients in China. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In total, 138 EC patients were enrolled in this study and evaluated by experienced nurses using three different nutritional screening tools, the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 tool (NRS2002), the Patient-generated Subjective Globe Assessment (PG-SGA), and the Nutrition Risk Index (NRI).We compared sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and Youden index generated by each of the three screening tools. Finally, cut-off points for all three tools were re-defined to optimize and validate the best nutritional risk screening tool for assessing EC patients. RESULTS: Our data suggested that all three screening tools were 100% sensitive for EC patients, while the specificities were 44.4%, 2.96%, and 59.26% for NRS 2002, PG-SGA, and NRI, respectively. NRI had a higher positive likelihood ratio as well as a higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve compared to those of NRS 2002 and PG-SGA; although, all three tools had null negative likelihood ratios. After adjusting the cut-off points, the specificity and accuracy for all tools were significantly improved, however, the NRI remained the most appropriate nutritional risk screening system for EC patients. CONCLUSIONS: The NRI is the most suitable (highest sensitivity and accuracy) nutritional risk screening tool for EC patients. The performance of the NRI can be significantly improved if the cut-off point is modified according to the results obtained using MedCalc software.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 1999년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.422-427
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• 1999

This is the basic study on the evaluation of seismic performance for existing railway bridges. This study presents all evaluation items and a progressive method of seismic performance for existing railway bridges. In the evaluation of seismic performance, a two-stage is used. Firstly, according to the seismic performance evaluation categories, preliminary screening of bridges is recommended. And using tile seismic rating system, seismic rank of bridges is calculated. Secondly, for the selected bridges in the first stage, detailed evaluation is recommended.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2016

Research and development (R&D) methodology for the practical use of accident tolerant fuel (ATF) in commercial light water reactors is discussed in the present review. The identification and quantification of the R&D-metrics and the attribute of candidate ATF-concepts, recognition of the gap between the present R&D status and the targeted practical use, prioritization of the R&D, and technology screening schemes are important for achieving a common understanding on technology screening process among stakeholders in the near term and in developing an efficient R&D track toward practical use. Technology readiness levels and attribute guides are considered to be proper indices for these evaluations. In the midterm, the selected ATF-concepts will be developed toward the technology readiness level-5, at which stage the performance of the prototype fuel rods and the practicality of industrial scale fuel manufacturing will be verified and validated. Regarding the screened-out concepts, which are recognized to have attractive potentials, the fundamental R&D should be continued in the midterm to find ways of addressing showstoppers.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2018

Achieving sustainability targets on construction projects has increasingly become one of the prime strategies for construction organizations. To provide more detailed guidance on sustainability implementation on projects, Construction Industry Institute (CII) Research Team (RT) 304 developed a catalog of the Construction Phase Sustainability Actions (CPSAs). The primary objective of this paper was the development of two support tools, the CPSA Screening Tool and the CPSA Implementation Index, that could be used to enable efficient application of CPSAs, support sustainability-related decisions, and measure CPSA implementation and performance. The authors developed the tools in four stages: conceptual, detailed planning, tool programming, and testing. The tools were then demonstrated on a capital project to confirm their efficacy and applicability. This paper presents the background, inputs and outputs, and the algorithms of each tool. The CPSA Screening Tool can prioritize the CPSAs most relevant to a project; the CPSA Implementation Index enables continuous monitoring of implementation levels.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2020

Purpose : This study aimed to present normative data for older Korean adults completing the Yonsei dual task cognitive screening test (Y-DuCog) and identify changes in cognitive function on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment - Korean (MoCA-K) with age. Methods : From May 2019 to August 2019, 195 healthy adults aged ≥60 years participated in this study. All participants completed the Y-DuCog to assess their dual-task performance and the MoCA-K to assess their cognitive function. Participants were divided into three groups based on their age: 60~69 years, 70~79 years, and ≥80 years. Results : The results of the Y-DuCog showed that dual-task performance time, effect, and correct response rate decreased significantly with age (p<.001). Scores from the three groups showed differences on all items (p<.001). Cognitive function on the MoCA-K also decreased significantly with age (mean score ± standard deviation [SD]; 27.33 ± 2.61 in subjects aged 60~69 years; 24.82 ± 3.20 in subjects aged 70~79 years; and 22.10 ± 4.91 in subjects aged ≥80 years; p<.001). Conclusions : Occupational therapists should be aware of the decline in cognitive function and dual-task performance time, effect, and correct response rate in older adults and consider interventions to treat this decline. Further studies are needed with larger groups of participants to examine factors, such as sex and education, that may impact dual-task performance and cognitive function.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.45-62
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• 2001

This study suggests a genetic algorithm-based partial least squares (GA-based PLS) method to select the design variables for building a usability model. The GA-based PLS uses a genetic algorithm to minimize the root-mean-squared error of a partial least square regression model. A multiple linear regression method is applied to build a usability model that contains the variables seleded by the GA-based PLS. The performance of the usability model turned out to be generally better than that of the previous usability models using other variable selection methods such as expert rating, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and partial least squares. Furthermore, the model performance was drastically improved by supplementing the category type variables selected by the GA-based PLS in the usability model. It is recommended that the GA-based PLS be applied to the variable selection for developing a usability model.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.200-205
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• 2000

An economic process monitoring procedure is presented using a surrogate variable for the case where performance variable is dichotomous. Every item is inspected with a surrogate variable and determined whether it should be accepted or rejected. When an item is rejected, the previous number of consecutively accepted items is compared with a predetermined number r to decide whether there is a shift in fraction nonconforming or not. The conditional distribution of the surrogate variable given the performance variable is assumed to be normal. A cost model is constructed which includes costs of inspection, misclassification, illegal signal, undetected out-of-control state, and correction. Methods of finding the optimum number r and screening limit are provided. Numerical studies on the effects of cost coefficients are also performed.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2022

This paper proposes a machine learning-based screening algorithm to build the retired battery pack of the energy storage system. The proposed algorithm creates the dataset of various performance parameters of the retired battery, and this dataset is preprocessed through a principal component analysis to reduce the overfitting problem. The retried batteries with a large deviation are excluded in the dataset through a density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise, and the K-means clustering method is formulated to select the group of the retired batteries to satisfy the deviation requirement conditions. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified based on NASA and Oxford datasets.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5023-5029
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• 2013

Background: To evaluate knowledge about screening tests and tests without proven screening value in a Greek Breast Unit population undergoing benign vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB). Materials and Methods: This study included 81 patients. Three knowledge-oriented items (recommended or not, screening frequency, age of onset) were assessed. Regarding screening tests two levels of knowledge were evaluated: i). crude knowledge (CK), i.e. knowledge that the test is recommended and ii). advanced knowledge (AK), i.e. correct response to all three knowledge-oriented items. Solely CK was evaluated for tests without proven screening value. Risk factors for lack of knowledge were assessed with multivariate logistic regression. A second questionnaire was administered 18 months after VABB to assess its impact on the performance of tests. Results: Concerning screening tests considerable lack of AK was noted (mammogram, 60.5%; Pap smear, 59.3%; fecal occult blood testing, 93.8%; sigmoidoscopy, 95.1%). Similarly lack of CK was documented regarding tests without proven screening value (breast self-examination, 92.6%; breast MRI, 60.5%; abdominal ultrasound, 71.6%; barium meal, 48.1%; urine analysis, 90.1%; chest X-Ray, 69.1%; electrocardiogram, 74.1%; cardiac ultrasound, 75.3%). Risk factors for lack of AK were: place of residence (mammogram), age (Pap smear), personal income (sigmoidoscopy); risk factors for lack of CK included number of offspring (breast MRI, chest X-Ray), BMI (abdominal ultrasound), marital status (urine analysis), current smoking status (electrocardiogram). VABB's only effect was improvement in mammogram rates. Conclusions: A considerable lack of knowledge concerning screening tests and misperceptions regarding those without proven value was documented.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권11호
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• pp.438-446
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• 2020

Background: Most developmental screening tools in Korea are adopted from foreign tests. To ensure efficient screening of infants and children in Korea, a nationwide screening tool with high reliability and validity is needed. Purpose: This study aimed to independently develop, standardize, and validate the Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children (K-DST) for screening infants and children for neurodevelopmental disorders in Korea. Methods: The standardization and validation conducted in 2012-2014 of 3,284 subjects (4-71 months of age) resulted in the first edition of the K-DST. The restandardization and revalidation performed in 2015-2016 of 3.06 million attendees of the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children resulted in the revised K-DST. We analyzed inter-item consistency and test-retest reliability for the reliability analysis. Regarding the validation of K-DST, we examined the construct validity, sensitivity and specificity, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and a criterion-related validity analysis. Results: We ultimately selected 8 questions in 6 developmental domains. For most age groups and each domain, internal consistency was 0.73-0.93 and test-retest reliability was 0.77-0.88. The revised K-DST had high discriminatory ability with a sensitivity of 0.833 and specificity of 0.979. The test supported construct validity by distinguishing between normal and neurodevelopmentally delayed groups. The language and cognition domain of the revised K-DST was highly correlated with the K-Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II's Mental Age Quotient (r=0.766, 0.739), while the gross and fine motor domains were highly correlated with Motor Age Quotient (r=0.695, 0.668), respectively. The Verbal Intelligence Quotient of Korean Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence was highly correlated with the K-DST cognition and language domains (r=0.701, 0.770), as was the performance intelligence quotient with the fine motor domain (r=0.700). Conclusion: The K-DST is reliable and valid, suggesting its good potential as an effective screening tool for infants and children with neurodevelopmental disorders in Korea.