Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

The Korean Pediatric Society (대한소아청소년과학회)
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Development of the Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children (K-DST)

  • Chung, Hee Jung (Department of Pediatrics, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital) ;
  • Yang, Donghwa (Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Gun-Ha (Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Sung Koo (Department of Pediatrics, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Seoung Woo (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Young Key (Department of Psychiatry, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Young Ah (Yonsei University Human Behavior Research Institute, and HUNO) ;
  • Kim, Joon Sik (Department of Pediatrics, Keimyung University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Jin Kyung (Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Cheongtag (Department of Psychology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Sung, In-Kyung (Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University College of Medicine) ;
  • Shin, Son Moon (Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine) ;
  • Oh, Kyung Ja (Department of Psychology, Yonsei University) ;
  • Yoo, Hee-Jeong (Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Yu, Hee Joon (Department of Pediatrics, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lim, Seoung-Joon (Korean Pediatric Association) ;
  • Lee, Jeehun (Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Jeong, Hae-Ik (Korean Pediatric Association) ;
  • Choi, Jieun (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center) ;
  • Kwon, Jeong-Yi (Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Eun, Baik-Lin (Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2020.04.12
  • Accepted : 2020.05.07
  • Published : 2020.11.15
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Abstract

Background: Most developmental screening tools in Korea are adopted from foreign tests. To ensure efficient screening of infants and children in Korea, a nationwide screening tool with high reliability and validity is needed. Purpose: This study aimed to independently develop, standardize, and validate the Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children (K-DST) for screening infants and children for neurodevelopmental disorders in Korea. Methods: The standardization and validation conducted in 2012-2014 of 3,284 subjects (4-71 months of age) resulted in the first edition of the K-DST. The restandardization and revalidation performed in 2015-2016 of 3.06 million attendees of the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children resulted in the revised K-DST. We analyzed inter-item consistency and test-retest reliability for the reliability analysis. Regarding the validation of K-DST, we examined the construct validity, sensitivity and specificity, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and a criterion-related validity analysis. Results: We ultimately selected 8 questions in 6 developmental domains. For most age groups and each domain, internal consistency was 0.73-0.93 and test-retest reliability was 0.77-0.88. The revised K-DST had high discriminatory ability with a sensitivity of 0.833 and specificity of 0.979. The test supported construct validity by distinguishing between normal and neurodevelopmentally delayed groups. The language and cognition domain of the revised K-DST was highly correlated with the K-Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II's Mental Age Quotient (r=0.766, 0.739), while the gross and fine motor domains were highly correlated with Motor Age Quotient (r=0.695, 0.668), respectively. The Verbal Intelligence Quotient of Korean Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence was highly correlated with the K-DST cognition and language domains (r=0.701, 0.770), as was the performance intelligence quotient with the fine motor domain (r=0.700). Conclusion: The K-DST is reliable and valid, suggesting its good potential as an effective screening tool for infants and children with neurodevelopmental disorders in Korea.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by Research Program funded by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (fund code 2010-E33033-00, 2012-E33016-00, 2013-E33018-00, 2016-E33011-00).

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