• 대한수의학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.277-280
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• 2011

Brucellosis is the most important bacterial disease of livestock in Bangladesh. The present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in goat and sheep in Mymensingh and Bogra districts of Bangladesh using slow agglutination test and Rose Bengal test as screening test and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay as confirmatory test. Questionnaire based data on age, gender, area, client's complaint, number of animals in herds, disease history, reproductive problems such as abnormal uterine discharge, abortion or previous abortion in sheep and goat and their reproductive diseases were recorded. A total of 200 sera samples were collected from 80 sheep and 120 goats. The prevalence of brucellosis in goat was 2.50% and 1.25% in sheep. Positive reactors were only detected in female of both goat and sheep. In this study, there existed a significant association among abortion and the prevalence of brucellosis (p < 0.01). The prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goat in Bangladesh is not negligible, and it is therefore worth considering the adoption of preventive measures.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.269-278
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• 2012

본 연구는 도시, 농촌지역에 거주하고 있는 암 검진 수검자들을 대상으로 원하는 암 검진 서비스와 과정, 환경, 결과 등에 대한 분석을 통하여 암 검진 수검률에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위한 것이다. 본 연구는 빈도분석, 교차분석, t-test, ANOVA, 다중회귀분석을 실시하여 결론을 도출하였다. 도시지역 암 검진 수검률에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 검진예약절차, 의료진전문성, 검진통보내용, 검진결과설명, 검진통보날짜, 검진예약기간이, 농촌지역은 검진통보내용, 총 검진시간, 검진결과설명, 의료진전문성, 검진예약기간, 검진과정설명이 주요 요인으로 분석되었다. 도시 농촌별로 암 검진 수검 시 수검률에 영향을 미치는 주요요인에는 큰 차이는 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 검진 절차와 서비스에 대한 요구파악은 지속적으로 실행되어야 하며, 도시 농촌지역간의 형평성을 고려한 차별화 전략과 정책수립이 요구된다고 하겠다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.197-214
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• 2017

지식재산권 침해여부를 판단하는 것은 전문적인 지식이 필요할 뿐만 아니라 상당한 시간이 소요되므로 신속한 통관을 추구하는 무역원활화라는 명제와 철저한 심사를 통한 사회 안전 및 권리의 보장이라는 상반된 명제를 조화롭게 아울러야 한다는 관세행정의 과제 앞에서 범죄수사와 관련이 있다면 통관절차의 일부분인 물품검사에도 형사법상의 통제가 있어야 한다는 논의가 있다. 그런데 관세법은 관련 규정들을 살펴보더라도 지식재산권 침해물품에 대하여 조사부서에 송치를 의뢰하더라도 그전에 이를 적발하기 위한 물품검사 등에 대하여는 행정적 의미에서의 조사일 뿐 형사법적 통제를 받는 검사 내지 조사는 아니라고 보는 입장인 것으로 보인다. 관세법상의 물품검사가 형사법상의 수사의 단서로서의 성격을 갖고 기능을 한다는 것은 우범성 선별검사를 포함한 통상적인 물품검사의 경우에 국한 된다고 할 수 있다. 만약 특정한 범죄정보로서 특정한 물품을 검색한다는 것은 그 자체로서도 이미 범죄의 혐의를 갖고 수사를 개시하였다고 봄이 타당하므로 해당 개장조사의 경우 수사행위로서 형사법상의 규율을 받아야 한다. 이렇게 해석해야만 관세고권에 바탕을 둔 통관절차상의 물품검사와 형사법상의 강제처분인 압수 수색간에 조화로운 운용의 묘를 찾을 수 있는 계기가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3131-3137
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• 2013

Background: Visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid (VIA) is offered at 252 centers in 64 districts of Bangladesh. VIA+ve women are managed at colposcopy clinics of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and 14 Medical College Hospitals (MCHs). This research work has been supported by 'UICC Cancer Prevention Campaign' programme. Objectives: This study explored the role of print materials and electronic media to improve cervical cancer screening in the present socio-cultural context of Bangladesh. Methods: This study was performed from January to August 2011 at two upazilas of Bangladesh (Singair with screening facility and Sonargaon without screening facility). Data were collected by focus group discussion (FGD) with women, husbands and community people before and after intervention. Information on cervical cancer screening and VIA camps was disseminated using advertisement through local cable line of the television, microphone announcement, service providers and leaflet throughout the week prior to a VIA camp. Three-day VIA camps were organized at the upazila health complex (UHC) of both upazilas. Quantitative data was gathered from women at the camps on source of information on VIA and the best method of awareness creation. Results: The population was aware of "cancer" and a notable number knew about cervical cancer. Baseline awareness on prevention and VIA was low and it was negligible where screening services were unavailable. Awareness was increased fourfold in both upazilas after interventions and half of the women and the majority of the community people became aware of screening and available facilities. Cable line advertisement (25.5%), microphone announcement (21.4%), and discussion sessions (20.4%) were effective for awareness creation on VIA. Television was mentioned as the best method (37.4%) of awareness creation. Conclusion: Television should be used for nation-wide awareness creation. For local awareness creation, cable line advertisement, microphone announcements and health education at Uthan Baithaks/ EPI sessions can easily be adopted by the government.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3101-3103
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• 2016

Background: According to the most recent estimation of GLOBOCAN, Cambodia has the highest incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer in Southeast Asia. A screen-and-treat strategy using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA test) and cryotherapy has been implemented in Cambodia's national cervical cancer screening program since 2013. However, where resources are available, cervical cytology with or without high-risk HPV DNA testing is the preferred screening method used in this country. Aim: This study aims to calculate the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology and explain the possible factors contributing to a reduced quality of cervical cytology among women participating in a hospital-based cervical cancer screening program in Cambodia. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using information from the cytology and pathology database in the Department of Pathology of Calmette Hospital between January 2012 and December 2015. Prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology, based on the Bethesda 2001 classification, was calculated. Data on the adequacy of cytological specimens were analyzed in order to explain the factors contributing to a reduced quality of cervical cytology interpretation. Results: Among 6,207 women who participated in the cervical cancer screening program at Calmette Hospital during 2012 and 2015, 388 (6.25%) had abnormal cytology, which could be classified into Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (92 cases; 1.48%), Atypical Squamous Cells - Cannot Exclude High-Grade Intraepithelial Lesion (13 cases; 0.21%), Atypical Glandular Cells (11 cases; 0.18%), Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (221 cases; 3.56%), High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (26 cases; 0.42%), and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (25 cases; 0.40%). Unsatisfactory smears made up 12.2% of the total cases. The most frequently identified factor leading to unsatisfactory smears was the absence of cells from the transformation zone. Conclusions: The present study showed an overall prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology of 6.25%, which is comparable to that in many large population-based studies in the Asia Pacific region. Nevertheless, the remarkably high rate of unsatisfactory smears in this study justifies further improvement in specimen sampling among Cambodian gynecologists.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.5889-5897
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• 2015

Background: The performance of combined testing visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and cervical cytology tests might differ from one setting to another. The average estimate of the testing accuracy across studies is informative, but no meta-analysis has been carried out to assess this combined method. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the average sensitivity and specificity of the combined VIA and cervical cytology tests for the detection of cervical precancerous lesions. Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis, according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. We considered two cases. In the either-positive result case, a positive result implies positivity in at least one of the tests. A negative result implies negativity in both tests. In the both-positive case, a positive result implies having both tests positive. Eligible studies were identified using Pubmed, Embase, Website of Science, CINHAL and COCRANE databases. True positive, false positive, false negative and true negative values were extracted. Estimates of sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative likelihood (LR) and diagnostic odds ratios (DOR) were pooled using a hierarchical random effect model. Hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics (HSROC) were generated and heterogeneity was verified through covariates potentially influencing the diagnostic odds ratio. Findings: Nine studies fulfilled inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Pooled estimates of the sensitivities of the combined tests in either-positive and both-positive cases were 0.87 (95% CI: 0.83-0.90) and 0.38 (95% CI: 0.29-0.48), respectively. Corresponding specificities were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.63-0.89) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96-0.99) respectively. The DORs of the combined tests in either-positive or both-positive result cases were 27.7 (95% CI: 12.5-61.5) and 52 (95% CI: 22.1-122.2), respectively. When including only articles without partial verification bias and also a high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia as a threshold of the disease, DOR of combined test in both-positive result cases remained the highest. However, DORs decreased to 12.1 (95% CI: 6.05-24.1) and 13.8 (95% CI: 7.92-23.9) in studies without partial verification bias for the combined tests in the either-positive and both-positive result cases, respectively. The screener, the place of study and the size of the population significantly influenced the DOR of combined tests in the both-positive result case in restriction analyses that considered only articles with CIN2+ as disease threshold. Conclusions: The combined test in the either-positive result case has a high sensitivity, but a low specificity. These results suggest that the combined test should be considered in developing countries as a primary screening test if facilities exist to confirm, through colposcopy and biopsy, a positive result.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2015

Regular high-strength carbon steel is currently the most commonly used pipe material for onshore and offshore pipelines. The corrosion of offshore pipelines is a major problem as they age. The collapse of these structures as a result of corrosion may have a heavy cost is lives and assets. Therefore, their monitoring and screening is a high priority for maintenance, which may ensure the integrity and safety of a structure. Monitoring risers and subsea pipelines effectively can be accomplished using eddy current inspection to detect the average remaining wall thickness of corroded low-alloy carbon steel pipelines through corrosion scaling, paint, coating, and concrete. A test specimen for simulating the offshore pipeline is prepared as a standard specimen for an analysis and experiment with differential bobbin eddy current sensors. Using encircling coils, the signals for the defect in the simulated specimen are analyzed and evaluated in experiments. Differential bobbin eddy current sensors can diagnose the defects in a specimen, and experiments have been carried out using the developed bobbin eddy current sensor. As a result, the most optimum coil parameters were selected for designing differential bobbin eddy current sensors.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2010년도 춘계학술발표논문집 1부
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• pp.108-112
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• 2010

Confocal Imaging System is an essential machine for a wide range of inspection wafer. For concurrent and fast acquiring the image data of four channels, the new image acquisition system used the protocol of camera-link standard with the full mode of configuration in interconnection with a frame grabber integrated in a computer, which is popularly used for many cameras, so the programming environment of image processing is optional such as Visual C++, Matlab. In addition, many conventional methods were coordinately used for contribution to build the high quality of images for precise processing analog signals of PhotoMutiplier Tubes(PMTs), accurate control of scanning device, sensitivity of PMTs, and laser source. The prototype of new image acquisition system, could meet the goal of development, it is used in LSCM for high content screening to investigation the processes of elements of living specimens at the same time by simultaneous grab image data on 4 PMTs channels.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.1117-1123
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• 2019

Control of pine wilt disease, which is caused by pine wilt nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is heavily dependent on the use of chemicals such as abamectin. Although such chemicals are highly effective, demands for alternatives that are derived preferentially from natural sources, are increasing out of environmental concerns. One of the challenges to discovery of alternative control agents is lack of fast and efficient screening method that can be used in a high-throughput manner. Here we described the development of colorimetric assay for the rapid and accurate screening of candidate nematicidal compounds/biologics targeting B. xylophilus. Contrary to the conventional method, which relies on laborious visual inspection and counting of nematode population under microscope, our method utilizes a redox dye that changes its color in response to metabolic activity of nematode population in a given sample. In this work, we optimized parameters of our colorimetric assay including number of nematodes and amount of redox dye, and tested applicability of our assay for screening of chemicals and biologics. We demonstrated that our colorimetric assay can be applied to rapid and accurate quantification of nematode viability/mortality in a nematode population treated with candidate chemicals/biologics. Application of our method would facilitate high-throughput endeavors aiming at finding environment-friendly control agents for deadly disease of pine trees.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Accurate, early identification of acutely malnourished children has the potential to reduce related child morbidity and mortality. The current World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines classify non-oedematous acute malnutrition among children under five using Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) or Weight-for-Height Z-score (WHZ). However, there is ongoing debate regarding the use of current MUAC cut-offs. This study investigates the diagnostic performance of MUAC to identify children aged 6-24 months with global (GAM) or severe acute malnutrition (SAM). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Cross-sectional, secondary data from a community sample of children aged 6-24 months in Niger were used for this study. Children with complete weight, height and MUAC data and without clinical oedema were included. Using WHO guidelines for GAM (WHZ < -2, MUAC < 12.5 cm) and SAM (WHZ < -3, MUAC < 11.5 cm), the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), predictive values, Youden Index and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated for MUAC when compared with the WHZ reference criterion. RESULTS: Of 1161 children, 23.3% were diagnosed with GAM using WHZ, and 4.4% with SAM. Using current WHO cut-offs, the Se of MUAC to identify GAM was greater than for SAM (79 vs. 57%), yet the Sp was lower (84 vs. 97%). From inspection of the ROC curve and Youden Index, Se and Sp were maximised for MUAC < 12.5 cm to identify GAM (Se 79%, Sp 84%), and MUAC < 12.0 cm to identify SAM (Se 88%, Sp 81%). CONCLUSIONS: The current MUAC cut-off to identify GAM should continue to be used, but when screening for SAM, a higher cut-off could improve case identification. Community screening for SAM could use MUAC < 12.0 cm followed by appropriate treatment based on either MUAC < 11.5 cm or WHZ < -3, as in current practice. While the practicalities of implementation must be considered, the higher SAM MUAC cut-off would maximise early case-finding of high-risk acutely malnourished children.