• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.124-131
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• 2004

Purpose: To validate and introduce the technique of the arthroscopic repair for the treatment of the Subscapulris tendon tear. Materials and Methods: From April 2003 to April 2004, Arthroscopic repairs were performed in 8 patient with subscapularis tendon tear. The mean follow-up period was 11months. two cases involved only subscaplaris tendon tear. Four cases were associated small sized posterosuperir. rotator cuff tear and two cases were in large size. The type of subscapularis tendon showed upper portion full-thickness tear in 6 cases, partial-thickness tear localized at articular surface in 1 case, complete tear in 1 case. The results were analyzed by using subjective satisfaction, inferior movenent of superior displaced humeral head, Constant-Murley functional scoring Results: Constant-Murley scoring was improved from 55 point preoperatively to 75 point postoperatively following 11 months. Mean score was 71 point except 2 cases of large superoposterior rotator cuff tear, Most humeral heads were distaracted postoperatively. The subjective result for the 8 shoulders were very satisfying in 5 cases, satisfying in 1 case and dissatisfying in 2 cases. Therefore satisfactory results were noted in 6 cases (75%) of this overall treatment group. Conclusion: The arthroscopic repair for the subscapularis tendon tear is thought to be available method, which could reduce severe complications following the weakness of deltoid muscle and postoperative pain. Especially Partial Subscapularis tear not associated with superoposterior rotator cuff tear including PASTA lesion was the sutable indication of the Arthroscopic repair.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.83-93
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• 2013

This study has been performed to analyze and consider the problems after 30 years in terms of landscape design competition process in Korea, so that it can provide the basic data, which can improve the future landscape design competition. We have used Delphi Investigation to carry out a survey that targets professionals and identifies problems. The results are summarized as follows. Firstly, the results of the analysis of Landscape Design Competition for institution theory and case studies showed that there is an issue from four perspectives which are 'method of design competition', 'guidelines for design competition', 'winner selection process', and 'design changes after winning' Secondly, the process by professional Delphi performed expert analysis, and agree with expert opinion. As a result, we derived the problems of a landscape design competition system with the 12 items. Third, in the 'design competition style', two items, the 'design competition style' and 'problem of design public offering period' had become a problem. Fourth, the 'Guidelines for design competition', 'non-hierarchical excess of the amount of instructions', 'directive determined the guidelines', and the 'provision of confusion' three items had also become a problem. Fifth, 'sex expert committee review selection process winning work', 'Problems of participation', 'examination scoring system experts lack', and 'non-landscaping' had become a problem. Sixth, 'The design of the original order' as much as possible 'design changes after the winning work' Four 'order to Comments to reduce the creativity of the design of the climate', 'original extension', 'contractor feedback of excess without the promise of frequent personnel changes', design period of the person in charge is reflected in excess item has become a problem. I considered that a continuous research on the improvement of the problems of the landscape design competition system based on the results must be performed.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2010

This research was carried out to see that to what extent KSD reaction can be related to types of sociometric status, and it was carried out on the basis of an hypothesis that KSD reactions of elementary school students in high grades(4th, 5th, 6th grades) would vary according to gender and 5 types of sociometric status, For that purpose, sociometry which were developed by Ahn Iehwan(2007) and KSD, were implemented with students of 20 classes (5 classes of 4th grade, 5 classes of 5th grade and 10 classes of 6th grade) at an elementary school in A city. Number of students surveyed was 366 and it was not exactly the stratified cluster sampling method. To verify 3 hypotheses, independent samples t-test, one way ANOVA, discriminant analysis were made. As a result, there was statistically significant difference in action factor and characteristics factor among 3 factors of KSD reaction by gender, but there was not statistically significant difference in dynamics factor. The result of one way ANOVA showed there was statistically significant difference in characteristics factor and dynamics factor among female students, but there was not statistically significant difference in action factor. Therefore, it was understood that characteristics factor of KSD reaction was closely related to gender difference and types of sociometric status. From the result of this research, it was considered necessary to review KSD scoring system suggested by 田中志帆(2009). And lastly, it was observed that KSD reaction was not effective in evaluating sociometry, and a new approach to the projective drawing test was suggested as a supplementary method for sociometry.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.97-115
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the observed behaviors of subjects who suffered from low back pain with spinal diseases, Thirty two low back pain patients admitted on the neurosurgical unit in an army hospital were compared with 30 normal controls belonged to an army unit, by means of matching the age, hight and weight. Observed pain behaviors were developed by the researcher on the bases of literature and patient observation. This tool consists of 18 behaviors seperated into two major groups : mutually exclusive and concomittent behaviors. The mutually exclusive behaviors included coding cathegories for 6. body motions assumed by the subjects during the observation session. These 6 standardized motions consisted of sitting from standing first, and serially tying down, reclining, sitting again, and then standing, 6 steps walking. Concomittent behaviors consisted of 12 observable patterns that can be observed systematically from the face, grimacing, bracing, rubbing, walking with arms fixed, support with hands on sitting or standing, guarded movement, limping, unbalaced weightbearing, stopped movement from tying position to sitting, sighing and graoning. Subjects were videotrecorded as they performed a 6-standardized sequence of motions, simultanously researcher measured the time spent performing each motion and step length. Patients were asked torate their subjective pain score on the 10 mm graphic rating scale ranging from 'no pain' to 'sever pain'. For scoring of the pain behaviors, two trained nursing officiers independently and simutanously viewwd each videorecording and checked subject 'pain behaviors at the observational item checklist. The result of the study are summarized as follows : 1. Reability of the observational tool was a=.845. 2. Spearman's rho and percentage agreement were p=.97 and 81.7 persent respectively, that indicate adequate interrater reability of this tool. 3. The sensitivity rate of the tool was .875 while specificity rate .866 for differentiating patient from the normal. 4. When difference in the objective pain indices between patient group and control were compared, there was significant difference of all indices, such as pain behavior(t=7.71, p=.0001). spent time performing motion(t=14.2, p=.0001), step length (t=-10.72, p=.0001). 5. There were differences in the objective indices the subjective pain subgroups (low, medium, high). Differences in the mean score of objective pain behavior (F=6.376. p=.005) and spent time for moyion(F=4.631, p=.018). But there were no significant differences in the step length among the subgroups(F=.667, p=.521). 6. Highly correlated pain behavior items wiyh subjective pain score were 'stopped movement from lying position to sitting', 'limping', 'support with hands on sitting or standing', 'bracing', 'guarding' and 'walking with arms fixed'. In summary, although some of rho behavior items such as sighing and groaning in this study could not be observed because of videotaped datd, the reliability and validity of the over all observation method were satifactory. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrate rye potetional utility of the tool in assessing objective pain complementing self-reported pain in low back pain patients.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.62-71
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• 2013

This study is conducted for the purpose of analyzing and contemplating the problems with the competition in current landscape design, with the goal of improving the landscape design competition system by using the AHP technique. The result of this study, first describe the Landscape design competition system that formed the problems and show the most important problem followed by other problems shown in order of importance, which are 'design changes after winning', 'Guidelines for design competition' and 'Landscape design competition manner'. Secondly, in the low rank article make up the level one -From a total 12 elements from the low rank article corresponding in 'process of winner selection' the 'Unprofessional landscape participate the screening' collected comments for the biggest problem, 'lack of expertise in judgement', 'problems with the examination scoring system' and other articles, the corresponding in 'process of winner selection' appears at the highest ranks. It also happens that after making the choice in the landscape design competition, the importance of 'client's design change symptoms' appears high. As a result the overlooked details of the landscape design competition's problems were analyzed. This study has prioritized the problems by problems which landscape design competition institutions most frequently have. Based on this ranking, there is significance purpose to create proactive system improvements in the future. By analyzing these problems, we will be better able to develop improvements to the future system.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.413-418
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• 2008

Purpose: When choosing dressing method to treat skin defect by second degree or higher burn, we have to consider method of rapid epithelization and minimization of pain during the treatment. In this study, we used biologic dressing with cultured allogenic keratinocytes for skin defect due to burn. We followed up the degree of epithelization, the degree of pain, and patient satisfaction. Methods: From June 2003 to June 2006, among the patients with skin defect due to burn, 31 cases with second degree burn(moderate to severe) were selected and biological dressing with cultured allogenic keratinocytes were done. 21 cases did not use cultured allogenic keratinocytes. Most of the patients had second degree burn. We applied cultured allogenic keratinocyte by Kaloderm. For wounds that were not deep enough to effect the dermis, escharectomy was done before applying Kaloderm. After the operation, moist wound site was maintained by dressing with saline gauze for 5 - 7 days. We compared the condition of the wound site before and after applying Keloderm by grading epithelization by standardized percentage scoring scale(1 - 5), and degree of pain and patient satisfaction by visual analogue scale(0 - 10). Results: When cultured allogenic keratinocytes were applied for the same period of time, the mean score of epithelization were $3.29{\pm}0.529$(mean ${\pm}$ S.D.). Without the application, the mean score of epithelization were $2.86{\pm}0.655$(mean ${\pm}$ S.D.). The degree of pain was $7.71{\pm}1.419$(mean ${\pm}$ S.D.) and $2.35{\pm}0.950$(mean ${\pm}$ S.D.) before and after the application, respectively. The patients' satisfaction score was $6.45{\pm}0.850$(mean ${\pm}$ S.D.) and $8.45{\pm}0.961$(mean ${\pm}$ S.D.) before and after the application, respectively. Conclusion: Applying biological dressing with cultured allogenic keratinocyte to skin defect due to second degree burn showed satisfactory results in the degree of the epithelization, degree of pain and patients' satisfaction.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.47-52
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• 2013

Purpose: Injury severity score (ISS), a widely used scoring system, is used to define the severity of trauma in multiple-trauma patients. Nevertheless, ISS cut-off value for predicting the outcome of multiple-trauma patients has not been confirmed. Thus, this study was performed to determine the more useful method for predicting the outcome for multiple-trauma patients: the ISS or the number of anatomical Abbreviated injury scale (AIS) injury regions. Methods: for 195 consecutive patients who a regional emergency medical center, we analyzed the ISS and the number of anatomical AIS injury region. The patients were divided into four groups based on the ISS and the number of anatomical AIS regions. We compared intensive-care-unit (ICU) admission days and hospitalization days and ICU stay ratio (ICU admission days/hospitalization days) between the four groups. Results: In the groups with an ISS more than 17, the results were not significantly different statistically the group with 2 anatomical AIS injury regions and more than 3 anatomical AIS injury regions. Also, in the group with an ISS of 17 or less, the results were the same as those for patients with an ISS more than 17 (p>0.05). Among the patients with 2 anatomical AIS injury regions, patients with an ISS more than 17 patients had more ICU admission days and a higher ICU stay ratio than patients with an ISS 17 or less. Also, Among the patients with 3 anatomical AIS injury regions, the results were the same as those for patients with 2 anatomical AIS injury regions. Conclusion: Patients with high ISS, regardless of the number of anatomical AIS injury regions had significantly longer ICU stays and higher ICU admission ratio. Thus, the ISS may be a better method than the number of anatomical AIS injury regions for predicting the outcomes for multiple-trauma patients.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 1999

Purpose : To evaluate the functional and radiographic outcome of the modified Bosworth method in the surgical treatment of acute type V acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Materials and Methods: From June 1995 to May 1998, 20 patients were operated on for acute and complete acromioclavicular dislocation(Rockwood type V). The operative technique includes fixation of the coracoclavicular joint with Bosworth screw or 6.5mm cancellous screw and imbrication of trapezius and deltoid muscles. The average age was 34 years(range, 19 to 51 years). These 20 patients with an average follow-up of 18months, were evaluated clinically using the UCLA scoring system. Additional radiographical assessment was performed with stress radiographs. Results: Excellent or good clinical results were obtained in 95%(19 cases). And the average coracoclavicular interval ratio was decreased from 3.31(2.2-6.0) to 1.13(1-1.4) in stress radiographs. There were 4 cases of hetero­topic calcification postoperatively but there was no correlation with clinical result. Posttraumatic A-C joint arthritis was developed in one case. In that case, the distal clavicular resection was done under the arthroscopic technique. Conclusion: The severe displacement observed with type V injuries is incompatible with normal shoulder function if the shoulder is left in its displaced position. In type V injuries, significant damage to the deltoid and trapezius musculature and overlying fascia occurs, therefore open reduction and good fixation must be obtained with imbrication of trapezius and deltoid muscles. In our type V acute complete acromioclavicular dislocation, the modified Bosworth technique provides excellent results with a low complication rate.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-53
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• 2010

In this paper, we discuss patent pool and a patent valuation scheme for fair royalty distribution among the patents in a pool. In the knowledge-based economy, intellectual capital-the accumulation of technology and know-how-is recognized as the most important source of company's competitive advantage and economic growth. By providing exclusive rights to patent holders, the patent system aims to encourage innovation-invention & commercialization of new technologies-in order to raise the standard of living. However, drawbacks of patent system, which occur as the number of patents issued increases rapidly and patent ownership is fragmented, may slow down the innovation efforts seriously. A promising solution is the patent pool approach, which was for instance employed by the U.S. congress during World War I to free the airplane manufacturers from the patent tangle by letting them license all the patents for a fee. It is necessary to figure out relative technological contribution of patent for fair distribution of royalty revenues among patent holders. The Rating/Ranking Method seems to fit to that valuation purpose. We examined technology valuation models from various organizations and selected a set of more influential valuation factors which can be incorporated as scoring criteria in the Rating/Ranking Method.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.6-16
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• 2006

The goal of this study was to develop new indices for effectively evaluating the dose coverage and homogeneity based on the target-volume dose-volume histogram (TV-DVH) of intensity-modulated radio-therapy treatment plans. A new coverage Index and a new homogeneity index were developed by integrating a modified TV-DVH and by fitting a TV-DVH with a modified step function, respectively. The coverage index, named the l-index, indicates whether the dose coverage for the target volume is adequate based on user-defined criteria. A lower l-index indicates higher dose coverage of the tumor volume. The index for assessing dose homogeneity in a target volume, named the n-index, is more accurate than the conventional method in evaluating the dose homogeneity in a tumor volume. The baseline treatment plan for a target volume coverage and homogeneity is discussed. The proposed simple indices have been demonstrated to be effective in evaluating the dose coverage and homogeneity for TV-DVHs.