• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 2018

To improve current transportation service, a new Seoul Metropolitan Transportation Administration (Seoul MTA), backed by Korean central government, is on the way of being established. This paper tries to answer questions such as 'What is the best type of organizational formation of the upcoming institute to deliver better, seamless transportation service?' and 'What is the most suitable scope of work of the upcoming institute to achieve the goal?' A group decision making process, a kind of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) was adopted to measure the experts' preferences of alternatives in quantitative scale measurement. To evaluate the alternatives, five evaluation criteria were selected. Among them, it is revealed that 'Improvement of the transportation service' and 'Political & Administrative power to make it happen' are the two most important evaluation criteria over what types or operating costs of the administrations are. When the five evaluation criteria are applied onto the group of alternatives, it yields that a stand-alone organization, which should be independent from upper-level government body, should have an integrated and sole authority on the area-wide transportation system management.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.265-286
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• 2009

Dumping describes the practice of international price discrimination whereby a producer or exporter sells merchandise in an export market at less than fair value. The U.S. antidumping statutory framework is embodied in the Tariff Act of 1930. The Act states that "dumping" refers to the sale or likely sale of goods at less than fair value. 19 U.S.C. $\S$ 1677(34). The Commerce Department and the Commission are jointly responsible for administering the antidumping law. Commerce determines whether foreign merchandise is being sold in the United States at less than fair value, and the Commission determines whether a domestic industry producing a product like the imported merchandise has been materially injured or threatened with material injury by reason of imports of that product. Recently, in U.S. v. Eurodif, the Supreme Court held the question whether the Commerce can reasonably determin that foreign merchandise has been sold within the meaning of the antidumping law in U.S.. Should 19 U.S.C. Section 1673, which calls for "antidumping" duties on foreign goods, but not services, that sell at less than fair value in the U.S., apply to imported low enriched uranium? Yes. In a unanimous opinion written by Justice David H. Souter, the Supreme Court held that the Commerce Department's view of imported low enriched uranium, as the sale of goods rather than services, was permissible. It reasoned that, since 19 U.S.C. Section 1673 did not specify whether it applied to the production of low enriched uranium, it was left to the reasonable interpretation of the Commerce Department to determine. Accordingly, the Court found the Commerce Department interpreted the statute reasonably.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.4 s.20
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• pp.122-129
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to propose a way that improves the construction management for remodeling of building. The study attempts to deal with the case study for application and suggests some positive and negative lessons. The main contents and results of the study are as follows. (1) Through the repetitive joint meetings among the various participants, decision making for the remodeling process can be speeded up. (2) Clear work order and communication for work scope can be accomplished by using perspective drawing in design phase. (3) Reliable construction planning and scheduling for remodeling of building can be proposed through case study. (4) By a sound survey, conflict elements can be resolved in advance. Also reasonable procurement plan of equipments and multi-skilled labor can be important factors to keep a construction schedule in time. (5) Through the comparison a case project with other sites having a similar work scope, improvement effect in a time and cost aspect was analyzed quantitatively. The study also recommends that, as a future research, the remodeling process model be developed for more general applications in remodeling of building.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.157-176
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• 2016

This study is to investigate Trademark Prior Use Defence of prior use party under Trademark Law of the People's Republic of China. Chinese Trademark Law was amended for the third time and this Law shall enter into force on 1 May 2014. This third amendment introduced Prior Use Defence Right of Trademark for the first time. Article 59(3) gives the right to the prior use party for the continuous use of such trademark under the condition that first, an identical or similar trademark has been used in connection with the same goods or similar goods by others before the registrant's application, second, such trademark should have a certain influence in certain market, and third, such aforesaid trademark should be used within the original scope continuously. Then the exclusive right holder of said registered trademark shall have no right to prohibit others from continuous use of such trademark. Korean companies should be aware that it is almost impossible to search prior use trademark before a dispute arises, since the prior use trademark has never been registered. The best way to control the prior use trademark is to superintend aforesaid trademark for the use within the original scope.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.261-266
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• 2019

In order to cope with various issues about access to public health system of Korean medicine and reformation of college curriculum and argument of pseudoscience on Korean medicine etc., a new definition of Korean medicine was devised. Two ways of approach were tried through analysis of precedent cases of definition on traditional medicine firstly and analysis on concept and logic of Korean medicine secondly. As a result, Korean medicine can be defined as a science of theories and application techniques for maintaining health and diagnosing, treating and preventing conditions、causes、prognosis of diseases or damages based on the correlative and complicated understanding about the structure and function of mind and body out of human lives under the environment and society. This definition can be used as a basis to derive legal rights or scope in area of research and education policies and social institutions of the Korean medicine and to confront scientification criticism hereafter.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.407-411
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• 2012

Objective: The objective of this paper is to examine the scope of ergonomics in relation to the discipline of industrial hygiene. Background: There has been increasing recognition of the importance of ergonomics in the practice of industrial hygiene. As a result, quite a number of ergonomics-related research articles have been published in major industrial hygiene journals. And the professional engineers in industrial hygiene have conducted ergonomics-related activities. Method: This paper reports the results from the literature review of the ergonomics papers published in major industrial hygiene journals for the last 5 years, and the certification of industrial hygiene and ergonomics. Results: It was found that 7.7~13% of the total published papers were about ergonomics, and the number of the professional engineers in industrial hygiene is almost double of that of ergonomics. Conclusion: It should be understood that the work of ergonomic is complementary to industrial hygiene and not in competition with it. Application: Some suggestions were proposed hopefully helpful to colleague ergonomists for future research.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2016

In bonded composite repair of aircraft structures, the damage of the adhesive can thus reduce significantly the efficiency and the durability of the bonded composite repair. The adhesive damage models using critical zone have proven their effectiveness due to simplicity and ap-plicability of the damage criteria in these models. The scope of this study is to analyze the effects of the patch thickness and the adhesive thickness on the damage damage in bonded composite repair of aircraft structures by using modified damage zone theory. The obtained results show that, when the thickness of adhesive increases the damage zone increases and the adhesive loses its rigidity, inversely when the patch is reduced the adhesive damage be-comes more significant.

• MALSORI
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• no.25_26
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• pp.27-37
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• 1993

This paper deals with the nature and function of intensification in Korean in a wider scope of context which was not paid proper attention. Unobserved new areas of intensification are paid more attention like sound split of polysemy e.g. [s'eda], [kyongk'i] by n of intensification and north Korean application of intensification on [wonsu] and intensification of borrowed English. The recent phenomenon of 'gwua' intensification is experimented on two groups of people, young students and old people beyond 65 years old by means of sociolinguistic analysis. The result shows that its intensification is a form of student violent power and a mark of extreme solidarity among activist students. In conclusion, the nature of so called saisiot[t] e.g. intensification is voiceless tensed pause and its functions are the polarization of the original meaning of the word, sound split of polysemy and attachment of social values by intensification.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2023

This study aimed to develop an ontology for Thai country songs by using the seven steps of an ontology development process. Hozo-Ontology Editor software and Ontology Application Management Framework were tools used in this study. Nine classes of ontology were identified: song, singer, emotion, author, language used, language type, song style, original, and content, and it was found that the song class had a relationship with all of the other classes. The developed ontology was evaluated by seeking opinions from experts in the field of Thai country songs, who agreed that the ontology was highly effective. Additionally, the evaluation employed the knowledge retrieval concept, and the precision, recall, and overall effectiveness were measured, with a precision of 92.59%, a recall of 86.21%, and an overall effectiveness (F-measure) of 89.28%. These results indicate that the developed ontology is highly effective in describing the scope of knowledge of Thai country songs.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.3 no.10
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• pp.7-20
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• 1965

One of the prerequisites for the improvement of the teaching of mathematics in our country is an improved curriculum-one which takes account of the increasing use of mathematics in science and technology and in other areas of knowledge and at the same time one which reflects recent advances in mathematics itself. In the new curriculum of mathematics, we have found the problems to teach the concept of sets at secondary level. The idea of a set is the most fundamental one in mathematics. So, this thesis contains the studies of the systematic analysis of sets in dealing with the traditional textbook. The scope of the work is limited to the fundamental ideas, and so it merely touches on the topics of the Concpets, Operations, Cardinal Numbers, Application of Logic, one-to-one Correspondence, Probability and so on. It provides only the essentials, definitions, proofs and some example which are already known and understood in their traditional context. It also presents at the appropriate stages the concepts required (illustrated by examples) in a much clearer fashion than classical teaching does. To compete a study of the sets covered in the textbook of each year, greater detail is needed at the appropriate level.