• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.54-62
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• 1993

The crystal shnture of dehydrated fully Cd2+-exchanged zeolite A evacuated at 2 × 10-6 Torr and 650℃ (a:12.189(2) A) and of its iodine sorption corrplex (a:12.168(2)A) have been netsmlmn by single uystal x-ray diffraction techliques in the cubic space group hkTn at 21(1)℃. The strutures were refined to final error indices, Ri:0.057 and R2 =0.063 with 186 reflections and Rl:0.082 and R2:0.085 with 181 reflections, respectively, for which 1>3σ(In both structure, six lie at two distinguished threefold axes of unit cell ten the crystal structure of an iodine sorption complex of Cd6-A four Cd2+ ions are recessed 0.69(1) A into the large cavity to complex each with from the (111) plane of 0(3), whereas two Cd2+ ions recessed 0.68(1) A into the sodalite unit Awximately 4.0 l3ions per nit cell are sorbed. Each bridge between a Cd2+ ion and 8-ring oxygens ((I-I-I)= 117(1) ˚ and 0(1)-I(1)-I(2)=172(1)). The near linear I-I-0 angle and its interatomic distance (I-0=3.57(3) A) are indicative of a weak charge transfer interacticn between the frarrework oxygen and iodine. The existence of In3 inside the large cavity indicates that the If ions and H ions may be produced by reaction of In vapor with water molecules which maybe associated with Cd2+ ions in partially dehydrated Cd6-A In3- ions may be produced by the combination of I- and I2.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1991

The crystal structure of an acetylene sorption complex of vacuum dehydrated fully Cda+ _exchanged zeolite A has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray diffraction data gathered by counter method. The structure was solved and refined in the cubic space group Pm3m at 294(1) K, a=12.202(3) A and Z=1. We crystal was prepared by dehydration at 723 K and 2.67×104 Pa for 2 days, followed by exposure to 1.60×104 Pa of acetylene gas at 298(1) K. All six Cd2+ions per unit cell are associated with 6-oxgen rings of the aluminosilicate framework. They are distributed over two distinguished threefold axes of unit cell; two of these Cd2+ ions are recessed 0.694 into the sodalite unit from (111) plane of three 0(3)'s and each approaches three framework oxides; the other four Cd2+ ions extend approximately 0.586A into the large cavity. The four Cd2+ ions are in a near tetrahedral environment, 2.220(9)A from·three framework oxide ions and 2.74(7) A from each carbon atom of an acetylene molecule(which is here counted as a monodentate ligand). Full matrix least squares refinement converged to the final error indices R1=0.093 and R2=0.105 using the 292 independent reflections for which I>3σ(I).

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.473-489
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• 2018

Computer and Information Literacy(CIL) is one of Key Competences in 21st century. Many countries, including Korea, have adopted related contents in their national curriculum for conducting software education. With this movement, many book-type instruction materials for software education have been developed in Korea. However, it is scarce to find researches that evaluate the instruction materials from the perspective of CIL. In this study, we selected 4 instruction materials which were distributed by government with 'SW centered society' web site as well as were developed to teach physical computing for elementary students. Also, we analyzed if they can foster students' CIL. First of all, the evaluation framework was developed based on 'The Manual for Authorized and Approved Textbook' and 'The 2018 ICILS(International Computer and Information Literacy Study) Assessment Framework'. Then, 12 school teachers who have professional insight of software education evaluated the 4 instruction materials with the framework. Averaging the score given by evaluators, we determined that which instruction materials were superior or not. Finally, we figured out the characteristics of superior and inferior instructional materials. Based on the results of this study, we suggested implications for developing instruction materials for physical computing education to build students' CIL.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.600-610
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to design the new teaching strategy based on the particulate model facilitating the reflective thinking (RE-PM) in the learning of the particulate nature of matter, and to investigate the effect of the new teaching strategy in compare with the traditional teaching strategy (TS-PM) after treating with new teaching strategy on preliminary teachers of elementary school. The problems of traditional teaching strategy are as follows: 1) Most of students didn't think the particulate model connected with practical material. 2) Most of students have a tendency of the rote memory on learning of the traditional particulate model. 3) The ratio of changing the view of continuous matter into the view of particulate nature of matter was very low, after learning the particulate model using of the traditional teaching strategy. The new teaching strategy facilitating the reflective thinking was more effective on the understanding of particulate nature of matter and the driving of motivation than the traditional teaching strategy in the learning of the particulate nature of matter.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.137-151
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• 2010

To survey general recognition on cooking activities and interest and satisfaction on cooking programs for children, a questionnaire was surveyed and analyzed based on its data from the mothers of students who have experience attending a cooking program for children. In general recognition, the recognition of the mothers who attended a cooking program of a specialized culinary academy was higher than that of the mothers who attended a cooking program of a cultural center. There were significant differences in the recognition level according to the types of educational institutions. In the interest of mothers on the effects that can be obtained from cooking programs for children, the interest of mothers who attended a cooking program of a specialized culinary academy was higher than that of mothers who attended a cooking program of a cultural center. In the satisfaction of mothers on cooking programs for children according to the types of educational institutions, the satisfaction of mothers who attended a cooking program of a specialized culinary academy was higher than that of mothers who attended a cooking program of a cultural center. Mothers are satisfied especially with the teaching contents, cooking class and teaching ability of teachers.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze college students' attitudes toward people with disabilities, and factors affecting the attitudes, and further to examine possible ways to improve the attitudes, and to furnish guideline of curriculum and practice in rehabilitation nursing on the basis of this analysis. Method: A descriptive, relational study design was used. The subjects of this study were 448 college students. A convenient sampling is used. Data were collected through 4 types of previous questionnaires used to examine attitude from May 1 to May 30, 2003. Result: 1. The attitude toward people with disabilities whose mean is 3.762 was responded somewhat negatively. Especially, a contact tension whose mean was 4.00 is high. 2. As a result of analyzing the attitudes of college students toward people with disabilities, some factors were statistically significant. They were experience of contact with the disabled, concern toward the disabled, voluntary work related to the disabled, and disability experience education. 3. The more negative experience of people with disabilities and the lower stereotype of disability and the higher effects of parents, teachers, and mass media, then the more positive response of peoples attitude with disabilities. 4. The main factors of determining the attitude of people with disabilities were the stereotype of disability, contact experience, concern about disability, voluntary work experience. Conclusion : These results suggested that an appropriate educational intervention and strategy is needed in order to change the attitudes of college students toward people with disabilities. Also experimental researches are needed to do it.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.730-739
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences between child-care facilities and kindergartens towards the need for foodservice support by Center for Child-Care Foodservice Management (CCFSM). For this study, questionnaires were sent out from August of 2008 to April of 2009 to directors of 1,478 child care facilities and 299 kindergartens in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do via postal service. A total of 267 questionnaires were usable with 203 (13.7%) of child-care facilities and 64 (21.4%) of kindergartens. Statistical data were analyzed by SPSS 15.0 for descriptive analysis and t-test. For political and administrative support, government funding for foodservice was the highest need and hiring nutritionists was significantly different by type of facility (p < 0.01). Both child-care facilities (4.29) and kindergartens (4.41) demanded the balanced menu from CCFSM. There were significant differences of "information about food material sanitation management" (p < 0.05), "hygiene safety management method according to working process" (p < 0.05), "hygiene safety management method of foodservice facilities and equipment" (p < 0.05). In education and training contents from center, "types and methods to manage foodservice facilities and equipment" for directors, "dietary education by age" for teachers, and "the rules of personal sanitation and working process" and "gas, electricity and fire prevention" for culinary workers had the highest mean score of requirements.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.497-511
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a school-centered healthy eating environment for children in elementary care classrooms and prevent incorrect eating habits and obesity through the development and application of standardized healthy eating habit-forming educational materials. Methods: Ten schools in eight districts of Gyeonggi-do and 400 students from 19 care classes were selected. Based on the developed educational materials, the program was applied to students once in two weeks. 'Notices for Parents' forms were also sent to the students' home to educate their parents. Pre and post-surveys were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the education. The pre-education, education, and aftercare were conducted from September 28 to September 31, 2016, from October 3 to November 30, 2016, and from December 5 to December 9, 2016, respectively. Results: The healthy eating program for elementary care classes was designed to develop a school-centered healthy eating environment and provide standardized educational material for healthy eating habits. Twelve educational topics were developed: , , , , , , , , , , , and . Moreover, the materials were produced in four forms: for students, for after school caring teachers, for external specialists, and for parents. The effectiveness evaluation was conducted to confirm the application of the program. The average eating habits score was 3.3 ± 0.6, with no significant difference between before and after application. The score of overall satisfaction of the education was 3.9 ± 0.9. The most satisfying content was 'Did you get to know how to eat evenly?'. Significant increases were observed in two contents for parents regarding their children's knowledge changes after the education: 'Five nutrients needed for growing children' and 'Knowing sugar foods and sugar-containing foods'. On the other hand, their educational satisfaction was 3.6 ± 0.6, which was lower than the children's satisfaction. This might be because their education was conducted only through the 'Notices for Parents' form. Conclusions: In the long term, the healthy eating habit-formation education for lower elementary school children is expected to be beneficial. To prevent obesity and establish healthy eating habits of children, it is important to develop healthy eating education programs centered on elementary school aftercare classes, including the development of educational materials and an application system through connection with the home and community.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.248-256
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• 2010

This study investigated the effects of the level of enrichment for analogies upon students' mapping, conceptual understanding, and the types of mapping errors in concept learning about Boyle's Law. Analogical reasoning ability test was administered and the score was used as a blocking variable. Three types (simple, enriched, and extended analogies) of learning materials according to the level of enrichment for analogies were studied by randomly assigned middle school students, and a conceptions test and a mapping test were administered immediately. The retention tests of both were administered four weeks later. Analyses of the results revealed that there was no main effect in the level of enrichment for analogies, but there was interaction effect with analogical reasoning ability in the post test on mapping. And the score of enriched analogy group was significantly higher than those of simple analogy group, but the score differences among three groups were not significant in the retention test on conceptual understanding. The frequency of the total mapping errors in the simple analogy group was the highest, and the frequencies of most types of mapping errors in the enriched and the extended analogy groups were less than those in the simple analogy group. There were also some differences in the frequencies of mapping errors with respect to the level of analogical reasoning ability. Therefore, these results will help science teachers plan and practice instructions using analogy.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.183-194
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• 2002

This study was conducted to obtain a basic information related to a more systematic safety education and measures against children's accidents by a descriptive survey with regard to accidents actually experienced by elementary schoolers, their perceived safety education activities and school facilities to their safety lives. The data was collected among 1,654 pupils, belonging to the 5th and 6th grades in Pusan from Nov. 20 to Dec. 1, 2000. The data was analyzed using SPSSWIN(7.5). The results were as follows ; 1. According to the perception by elementary schoolers, they received safety life instruction at school in most cases from teachers in charge of their own class (41.0％). Such safety education was provided often during formal classes(24.4％). Traffic guidance was given by parents, highest in frequency(67.3％). 2. Matters as most often treated during safety life instruction were safety knowledge or dangerous things(37.5％). A majority of notices of school safety instruction were presented sometimes(48.4％). Source of knowledge about safety lives included teacher (35.3％), parents(32.9％), TV and newspaper (29.9％). As a source of knowledge of emergency treatment, school nurses were accounted for 41.3％ that was highest. 3.Among the 1,654 students, 91.8％ experienced at least more than one case of safety accident. The most frequent type and cause of safety accident were wound(33.7％). and self-carelessness(38.4％) respectively. In most cases, the subject experienced such accident during a break time(32.2％) and at a playgrounds. Part of body as most often damaged by accidents were arms and legs, 25.4％ higher than any other sides problem solving measures against the accident were taken by school nurse in most cases, 44.8％ in percentage point. 4. Those students' perceived safety management of school facilities showed that they considered classroom facilities as most safe (61.6％), while playground facilities as least safe(42.8％). They also responded that the treatment of glass fragments or stones at playground is the most important item of safety management.