• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.970-990
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• 2002

This study examines how practical work in science was introduced in British schools and became an important part of school science activities during the second half of the 19th century. Firstly, the establishment of a national education system in Britain is reviewed. Secondly, a general development of school science teaching is summarized with a special attention to students' enrollment in science subjects. Thirdly, the practical work in elementary schools are discussed in relation to the introduction of Object Lessons in curriculum. Then, the situations of practical work in science in secondary schools, particularly in Organized Science Schools and some famous public schools, are illustrated. Finally, the overall development until present days is critically discussed in relation to the types and aims of practical work in science.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the present status of environmental education administration in the middle schools of Seoul City and to find problems to be solved environmental education in middle schools. To accomplish these purpose surveys for middle school teachers in Seoul was conducted, and evaluation reports of school environmental education of 1998 were analyzed. The results indicated that both schools and Ministry of Education offered few evaluation standards related to environmental education. Most schools abolished division of environmental affairs because of the reorganization of school system, which focuses on subject and aptitude-based education. In addition, environmental education and related activities were maily the responsibilities of division of science education. The teachers responded that such activities as organization and management of mothers'social service, management of environment day, use of environmental conservation card, and establishment of conservation area were not effective and should be abolished. The conclusion from this study are that environmental education can be effective only when goals of environmental education are included in school evaluation, and the division of environmental affairs should be revived and systematically operated in school.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2003

Dietitians' satisfaction between elementary school and high school in KangWon Do region were surveys with questionnaires. 61 elementary school dietitians and 30 high school dietitians participated. The dietitians in elementary schools had higher scores in age, marital status, years at work, types of employment, average annual income and had lesser hours of work. In overall, elementary schools had higher percentage on self operation and on the period of their food distribution to students. High schools had higher percentage on conventional systems, freedom in the amount of food distribution, number of meals per day and the meal charge. It was clear that dietitians in high schools showed more interests in changing their careers due to the poor working environment and salary. The highest score was on the relationship with other coworkers and the lowest score was on the poor working environment and salary. In general, dietitians in both types of schools are not satisfied with their career, especially with the working environment and salary.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.205-214
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• 2004

The intent of this study is to investigate the current situations and planning implications of elementary schools in urban housing blocks, and to propose the planning and design guidelines for them. The premise of this research is that an elementary school should function as a communal facility, shared by its community, so called open-school. 32 schools in three new towns were selected as sample cases and they were closely surveyed in terms of their site planning issues in residential blocks, and three sample open-elementary schools were analyzed in a comparative manner for finding their roles and functional fulfillment as a communal facility in the neighborhoods. Based on the findings, several planning principles and design techniques or devices are suggested for the utilization of elementary schools by local residents, mainly making issues of location, relationship to other facilities and open spaces in residential blocks, access, apartment layout, school building and outdoor spaces, and open program.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.30-38
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to investigate present situation about occurrence of surplus classrooms by the merger and abolition of rural elementary schools, and to deduce basic architectural data for efficient utilization. It was examined based on the analysis of using pattern and interview of teachers of modernized elementary model schools. The occurrence ratio of surplus classrooms was about 30 to 60 percentages among seven investigated schools, the ratio was gradually increasing. Most of them were nearly leaving without certain practical use because of inaccessibility and low degree of diversion. The characteristic about diversion of surplus classroom was shown to change from special or learning room to living-related room and management-related room in order, finally, it was used a room for child care with a lapse of time. Long-tenn and continuous data accumulation for diversion and utilization of surplus classroom should be required.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey the present status of the gerontological nursing course in Baccalaureate degree programs(BSN) in Korea, so as to provide basic data for developing a standard model for a gerontological nursing curriculum. Method: Data on the contents of a gerontological nursing curriculum was collected from those programs that had a gerontological nursing course. Result: The results show that 48 schools(87.3%) offered a gerontological nursing course. Twenty-five schools(45.5%) had both lectures and clinical practicum, while 23 schools(41.8%) had only lectures. Twenty-seven schools(56%) offered a gerontological nursing course as an elective. Students earned the most number of credits in their senior year. The most common credit system for lecture subjects was 2 credits with 38 schools(79.2%) and a clinical practicum was 1 credit with 20 schools(80%). The issues identified were that gerontological nursing was an elective and not a mandatory course, a lack of clinical lab hours, and a lack of common learning objectives. Conclusion: Recommendations are made for better defined curricula in gerontological nursing. In addition, further investigations of the learners or students entering gerontological nursing to facilitate curriculum development and appropriate instructional strategies are needed.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2013

With people leaving the countryside to the cities as a result of industrialization and urbanization and drastic reduction of school children due to low birthrate, nationwide, total 3,438 schools have been shut down following the closed schools policy. Consequently, local governments have been active in selling, utilizing, and leasing the closed schools but there are still 466 closed schools that need to be addressed quickly. In addition to this phenomenon, aging population has become an important issue, and demand for elderly welfare facilities population is also increasing as a result. However, the supply of welfare services remains inadequate. This study was conducted in an attempt to solve both local and social problems at the same time, caused by the closing of schools and an aging population, through the use of closed schools as elderly welfare facilities, and suggests plans for per-unit space according to its type, and prototype, through research analysis of practical use, based on case studies. With the conclusions of both advantages and disadvantages, drawn from its type, we are hoping to be able to use this study by adapting its type, or mixing, according to one's needs.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

Under the influence of birth control and rapid urbanization, China's rural school-age population is on a year-by-year decrease, which has led approximately 300 thousand middle and primary schools to idleness ever since 2000. A majority of these idle schools are located in rural areas, almost one half remaining idle due to vagueness in property right. The disposed schools are less efficient for not being combined with the real situation of rural areas. Based on the opportunity of coordinative development of urban-rural areas, this paper analyzes the situationsin terms of the development of public service facilities and the gap between rural and urban areas over the recent years. Then the effective and sustainable reuse scheme to dispose of the idle schools and reshape them into the facilities for the elders, cultural facilities and medical facilities is proposed from the perspectives of perfecting rural public service facilities and guaranteeing citizens' equal share of public service, which both maintains the public nature of the idle schools, reconciles the fuzzy property right, and boosts efficiency of reuse, saves resources, and reduces investment for perfecting rural public facilities.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.26-35
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• 2013

The study aims to deduct the factors needed for the judgement on merger and abolition policies and draw out suitable types of these policies through interviews with the people concerned during the process of the merger and abolition of schools in rural communities. Following are the results of the study. For the smaller scaled schools, it was possible to notice the fact that there are positive and negative aspects associated with the curriculums and the sociality of the students. However, collectively considering with the continuous decrease in the number of school aged children along with the development of curriculums, personal characters and sociality of the students, it is better when the schools are properly scaled. Also, it is needed to consider new sets of policies as the number of school aged children is continuously decreasing - the current policy states that there should be one school per village. For the implementation while not losing centripetal points of schools within the communities, the Branch policy(1-2 years based or 1-4 years based) is considered. This implementation is considered to be possible because the Branch schools can be turned into facilities such as nursery schools and preschools which enables communities to sustain the spaces for cultural and welfare needs for their own.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.511-536
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• 2018

There is currently a growing need to nurture creative and convergent talent in the face of the fourth Industrial Revolution. Developing such talent requires interdisciplinary convergent education across the science, engineering, humanities, social studies, and arts disciplines. Such interdisciplinary convergence could cultivate humanities and social knowledge and qualities along with scientific expertise. In Korea, there are currently six science schools for the gifted that aim to discover and nurture science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) researchers from an early stage, and two science and art schools for the gifted that aim to cultivate new talent combining students' scientific and artistic qualities. These schools establish and follow curriculums that are suited to achieving the education objectives guaranteed by the Gifted Education Promotion Act and its Enforcement Decrees. This study compares the curriculums and curriculum tables of the science schools for the gifted to those of the science and art schools for the gifted to evaluate their methods of operation and performance. Additionally, it determines which curriculums provide an opportunity for students to nurture convergent thinking, and discusses how suitable curriculums could be implemented to develop convergent thinking.