• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2003

A survey was done to figure out the HPLP(health promotion lifestyle profile) of the teachers of health-related disciplines and not-health-related disciplines. 205 teachers in middle and high school were surveyed from 4th February to 2nd April 2003. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The HPLP score of the teachers of health-related disciplines (mean $2.73{\pm}0.44$) was higher than that of the teachers of not-health-related disciplines (mean $2.48{\pm}0.40$). Sub category's mean of the teachers of health-related disciplines was self-realization 2.99, interpersonal-relationship 2.92, health responsibility 2.65, nutrition 2.64, stress management 2.52, exercise 2.27 and that of the teachers of not-health-related disciplines was self-realization 2.84, interpersonal-relationship 2.70, health responsibility 2.24, nutrition 2.39, stress management 2.23, exercise 1.98. 2. When HPLP score were examined according to demographic characteristics, health status and self-efficacy, the results showed that of the teachers of health-related disciplines was higher than that of the teachers of not-health-related disciplines. 3. Gender, degree of grief and depression, and self-efficacy have statistically significant effect on the HPLP score of the teachers of health-related disciplines, and subjective health status, concern about health, degree of stress, and self-efficacy were significant on that of the teachers of not-health-related disciplines. This results were indicated the teachers of health-related disciplines show better role model in health than the teachers of not-health-related disciplines. As self-efficacy is the most important factor on the HPLP score, it is very important to introduce programs to raise self-efficacy of teachers in middle and high school.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between self-efficacy and health promotion lifestyle in middle and high school teachers. Methods: This study used survey data from 26 middle and high schools The study included 181 teachers who completed questionnaires. The questionnaires were consisted of demographic and occupational characteristics, self-efficacy on health behaviors, and Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile (HPLP). Analyses were done using frequency, percentage, correlation, and multiple regression analysis with dummy variables. SAS 8.2 was used. Results: Mean self-efficacy score on health behaviors was 4.1${\pm}$0.5. Mean health promotion lifestyle scores were healthy diet (2.4${\pm}$0.5), physical activity (2.0${\pm}$0.8), stress management (2.3${\pm}$0.5), self-fulfillment (2.9${\pm}$0.5), responsibility of health (2.3${\pm}$0.6), and personal relationship (2.7${\pm}$0.6). Self-efficacy was significantly related to all health promotion lifestyle scores (healthy diet, physical activity, stress management, self-fulfillment, responsibility of health, and personal relationship). Among demographic and occupational characteristics, sex and school level was significantly related to healthy diet. Sex was significantly associated with physical activity. Marital status was significantly related to responsibility of health. Conclusions: The results showed that intervention programs for middle and high school teachers targeting health promotion lifestyle are needed. These intervention programs would be effective when sex, age, marital status, and school level are considered. In addition, given that higher self-efficacy was related to higher health promotion lifestyle scores, it strengthens the need for further investigations aimed at how to change self-efficacy in teachers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2001

Objective : To investigate the sources, extent and related factors in South Korean doctors. Methods : The study subjects were 934 doctors in Taegu, Kyungpook Province, Korea(540 independent practitioners, 105 employed at hospitals and 289 residents in training). Information concerning job stress was obtained using a 9-item questionnaire. Information regarding related factors such as demographic characteristics(age, sex, marital status), perceptions on the socioeconomic status of doctors and working conditions(work time, on-call days per week) was also obtained by self-administered questionnaire during April and May, 2000. Results : Major sources of job stress included clnical responsibility/judgement factor, patient factor and work loading factor. The job stress score of residents was the highest among three groups. The score was lower in older doctors. The score was low among those who thought doctors' socioeconomic status was not good. The longer the work time, the higher the job stress score was. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to control for the mutual influence of independent variables. In regression analysis, the score of residents was higher than practitioners. Work time and socioeconomic status perception had negative effects on job stress score. Conclusion : The average job stress score of the doctors was high. Age, work type, working conditions and perceptions of socioeconomic status were found to besignificantly related to job stress score. Although the job stress of doctors is somewhat inevitable due to the nature of the doctor's job, control of work time, development of coping tools and other intervention methods are needed to reduce job stress of doctors. Further studies are required to understand the characteristics of iob stress and reduce the job stress of doctors.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.5 s.83
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• pp.101-112
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• 2006

This study examined factors related to the motivation for the uses of cellular phones and the relationship between motivation for cellular phone use and parent-child communication among middle school students. A total of 223 questionnaires were submitted and analyzed. The characteristics of motive structure of the middle school students were found as recreation, time management, information-seeking, reassurance and fashion/showing off. Among those motivations, these middle school students examined here were found to use cellular phones in similar ways to how conventional telephone is used such as work/instrumental reasons and socializing/entertaining. The motivations showed a significant association with the level of parent-child communication. Information-seeking and time management motivation were positively related with an open communication level while fashion/showing off and recreation were negatively related with an open communication level.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.97-106
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine cognition about harmful use of alcohol among female university students. Methods: The data were collected by questionnaire from the 389 female university students. The analysis of the data was used by SPSS program(ver. 18.0). Technical statistics analysis was used in general characteristics and drinking related characteristics and drinking related cognition of objects. Logistic regression was used in factors affecting on cognitive degree of drinking evil. Results: Cognitive degree of drinking evil was low as more drinking related outlay expenses and was low as more moderation in drinking and publicity experience. Conclusions: University and the government authorities must consider the seriousness and importance of the problem and enforce moderation in drinking and publicity for female university students and develop education program and prepare the publicity material.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.29-50
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• 2020

Although companies perform societal marketing activities across different cultural regions, previous research was predominantly centered on a specific cultural region-the West. To address this limitation in the literature, the current research examines societal marketing in the Chinese market considering cultural characteristics. China has become the largest market in the world with great potential growth for its vast consumer base. Since there is heterogeneity among regions in China, it is imperative to divide China into several markets for better understanding. Thus, this study investigates different responses of Chinese regional (coastal vs. inland) consumers toward Cause-related Marketing (CM). Our findings reveal that Chinese consumers, in general, prefer utilitarian CM products compared to hedonic CM products, which is the opposite result of findings of the previous research. Further, this was truer for consumers in inland regions, while coastal consumers did not display any preference by product type. The academic and practical implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate drinking motives and the drinking-related problems of Korean high school students at a city in Jeonbuk province. Methods: There were 657 students from two academic and two vocational high schools at J city in Jeonbuk province. The sample was collected using a stratified sampling method and the data was collected from June 30th to July 16th 2003. The study instrument used to examine drinking motive was a 20-item summated scale (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = .95) and for drinking-related problems was an 18 item summated scale (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = .91). The data was analyzed using SPSS/PC+ by percentage, x2-test, t-test and correlations. Results: 1. Drinking experience: Among the high school students, 74.3% of them had drinking episodes. Female students started drinking later (x2 = 12.857, p = .002) and had more drinking friends (x2 = 7.785, p = .020) than males. Vocational school students drank more frequently (x2 = 32.138, p = .001), had more heavy drinking episodes (x2 = 40.370, p = .001). 2. Drinking motives & Drinking-related problems: The mean score of drinking motives was $31.2{\pm}11.12$ out of 80 and that of drinking-related problems was $21.8{\pm}5.85$ out of 72 points. Neither score were stronger was significantly different according to gender and grade. On the other hand, both drinking motives (t = -4.077, p = .001) and drinking-related problems (t = -3.423, p = .001) were stronger in vocational school students than in academic school students. The correlation between drinking-related characteristics and problems were weak (from r = .286 to r = .520) but the correlation within the subcategories of drinking motives was high such as between enhancement and coping (r = .822) and enhancement and social motives (r = .822). Conclusion: The majority of Korean high school students start to drink during their junior high school days. Drinking motives and drinking-related problems were not serious but the drinking motives and the drinking-related problems are stronger among vocational school students. As a result, school-based health education and counseling programs should focus on solving drinking motives than on drinking-related problems.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.487-495
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• 2019

Purpose: We aimed to identify associations between the frequency of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and smoking-related characteristics among adolescent smokers. Methods: We used data from the 14th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The participants were 3,722 smokers who had smoked cigarettes on at least one day during the past 30 days. The frequency of e-cigarette use was defined as the number of days that participants used e-cigarettes during the past 30 days, and was divided into four categories: 0, 1~2, 3~9, and ${\geq}10$ days. We used the $x^2$ test and multinomial logistic regression to examine the associations between the frequency of e-cigarette use and smoking-related characteristics. Results: Those who attempted to quit smoking, had used a heated tobacco product (HTP) at least once, or initiated e-cigarette use before middle school were more likely to use e-cigarettes for 3~9 days in the past 30 days. More frequent e-cigarette use (${\geq}10$ days) was associated with a higher frequency and greater amount of cigarette use, lifetime HTP use, and earlier initiation of e-cigarette use. Conclusion: Smoking-related characteristics differed by the frequency of e-cigarette use. Therefore, intervention programs targeting adolescent smokers should consider differences in smoking-related characteristics based on the frequency of e-cigarette use.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1479-1485
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• 2015

Background: Even after completion of conventional treatment, breast cancer survivors continue to exhibit a variety of psychological and physical symptoms, affecting their quality of life. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between socio-demography, medical characteristics and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) of a sample of breast cancer survivors in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: This pilot cross-sectional survey was conducted among breast cancer survivors (n=40) who were members of Breast Cancer Support Group Centre Johor Bahru. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used to identify the relationships between socio-demography, medical characteristics and HR-QOL of the participants. Results: Living with family and completion of treatment were significant predictive factors of self-rated QOL, while living with family and ever giving birth significantly predicted satisfaction with health and physical health. Psychological health had moderate correlations with number of children and early cancer stage. Survivors' higher personal income (>MYR4,500) was the only significant predictor of social relationship, while age, income more than MYR4,500 and giving birth significantly predicted environment domain score. Conclusions: The findings suggested the survivors coped better in all four HR-QOL domains if they were married, lived with family, had children and were employed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.194-203
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to longitudinally analyze Korean students' trend on science-related affective characteristics and provide descriptive data for improving the quality of Korean science education. In this longitudinal study. 3603 students and 4737 students were sampled in elementary and secondary schools. respectively in January 1997 and March 1998. The result showed that students' affective characteristics were decreased with statistical significance(p<0.05) during elementary and junior high school periods. but students' affective characteristics were increased during high school period. Affective characteristics of male were significantly higher than those of females' (p<0.05). Difference on affective characteristics between female and male students was being decreased by increasing grades. Students' affective characteristics in metropolitan areas were significantly higher than those in regional areas and difference between them was increased in 1999 comparing to 1997. The students' affective characteristics in 1999 were lower than those in 1997 totally.