• Wind and Structures
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.203-225
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• 2013

An analysis framework for vehicle-bridge dynamic interaction system under turbulent wind is proposed based on the relevant theory of wind engineering and dynamics. Considering the fluctuating properties of wind field, the stochastic wind velocity time history is simulated by the Auto-Regressive method in terms of power spectral density function of wind field. The bridge is represented by three-dimensional finite element model and the vehicle by a multi-rigid-body system connected by springs and dashpots. The detailed calculation formulas of unsteady aerodynamic forces on bridge and vehicle are derived. In addition, the form selection of wind barriers, which are applied as the windbreak measures of newly-built railways in northwest China, is studied based on the suggested evaluation index, and the suitable values about height and porosity rate of wind barriers are studied. By taking a multi-span simply-supported box-girder bridge as a case study, the dynamic response of the bridge and the running safety indices of the train traveling on the bridge with and without wind barriers are calculated. The limit values of train speed with respect to different wind velocities are proposed according to the allowance values in the design code.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.136-141
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• 2013

Background: Occupational end users of pesticides may experience bodily absorption of the pesticide products they use, risking possible health effects. The purpose of this paper is to provide a guide for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers working in the field of agricultural health or other areas where occupational end use of pesticides and exposure issues are of interest. Methods: This paper characterizes the health effects of pesticide exposure, jobs associated with pesticide use, pesticide-related tasks, absorption of pesticides through the skin, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for reducing exposure. Conclusions: Although international and national efforts to reduce pesticide exposure through regulatory means should continue, it is difficult in the agricultural sector to implement engineering or system controls. It is clear that use of PPE does reduce dermal pesticide exposure but compliance among the majority of occupationally exposed pesticide end users appears to be poor. More research is needed on higher-order controls to reduce pesticide exposure and to understand the reasons for poor compliance with PPE and identify effective training methods.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.453-461
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• 2018

Shaft stations of underground uranium mines in China are not only utilized as waiting space for loaded mine-cars queuing to be hoisted but also as the principal channel for fresh air taken to working places. Therefore, assessment of how mine-car queuing processes affect shaft station radon concentration was carried out. Queuing network of mine-cars has been analyzed in an underground uranium mine, located in Quzhou, Zhejiang province of Eastern China. On the basis of mathematical analysis of the queue network, a MATLAB-based quasi-random number generating program utilizing Monte-Carlo methods was worked out. Extensive simulations were then implemented via MATALB operating on a DELL PC. Thereafter, theoretical calculations and field measurements of shaft station radon concentrations for several working conditions were performed. The queuing performance measures of interest, like average queuing length and waiting time, were found to be significantly affected by the utilization rate (positively correlated). However, even with respect to the "worst case", the shaft station radon concentration was always lower than $200Bq/m^3$. The model predictions were compared with the measuring results, and a satisfactory agreement was noted. Under current working conditions, queuing-induced variations of shaft station radon concentration of the study mine are not remarkable.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 2012

This study is about earthquake-proof reinforcement through structural function evaluation of an school building. The purpose of this study is to comparatively analyze structure reinforcement measures in consideration of safety and usability through structural function evaluation of school buididng, to offer rational measures for earthquake-proof function and to provide help in maintaining safe structures against earthquake. For this purpose, was selected for this study as an existing school building, earthquake-proof function evaluation was conducted, and measures to reinforce earthquake-proof function was offered. As for the research method, the first and the second earthquake-proof function evaluations were conducted which is an existing reinforced concrete school building. Through the abovementioned methods, earthquake-proof function evaluation were conducted, the results were analyzed and the measure to reinforce earthquake-proof function were offered(Steel damper, Carbon plate stiffeners). The offered measure to reinforce earthquake-proof function was applied to the subject structure, and comprehensive results were derived from earthquake-proof function evaluation regarding before and after earthquake-proof function reinforcement.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to provide basic data on the continuous management and institutional measures in the future by understanding the research trends of patient safety in healthcare field. Methods:The data were extracted from 2011-2016 KoreaMed, KMBase, KISS, NDSL and KISTI. Data were analysis by frequency analysis using the SPSS 14.0 program. Results: 87.0% of the studies were quantitative studies. As for the method of sampling, 'No use' was the highest at 56.5%. Most of the participants in the study were 'nurses' (50.7%). 19 hospitals (35.8%) were the most common. The subjects of the study consisted of 35 (51.5%) patients' safety culture (awareness) and 20 (29.4%) 'safety nursing activities'. Conclusions: Patient safety and patient safety should be maintained. Further, a mature patient safety culture should be settled through cooperation management among medical staff.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.23 no.4_2
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• pp.637-644
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• 2020

Because suicide accidents sometimes were happened in grand bridges over rivers or sea water recently, it will be necessary that prevention measures be made preparation in advance from now on. Additional safety facilities must be needed in addition to existing safety facilities in such a way as this prevention measure. In order to make cable-stayed bridge safe on wind for additional safety facilities, main girder models with added safety facilities for wind-tunnel tests was made, and wind tunnel experiments was carried out to measure aerodynamic force coefficients. Also, wind-resistant analyses of 3D cable-stayed bridge were performed on the basis of wind-tunnel test results. From the wind experiments, force coefficients of main girder with added safety facilities were assessed, and it is known that there are little possibility of galloping and rotation of steel main girder. Finally, from the wind resistant analyses, it was concluded that wind-resistant safety of cable-stayed bridge was secured on wind speed 60.6m/sec.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2001

Korea has experiencing outbreaks of food borne illnesses since school feeding programs had been introduced to students. In order to prevent food borne diseases, preventive measures applicable to Korean school system were reviewed. The conclusions are summarized as follows; 1. Raw materials should be purchased through reliable sources in order to ensure the quality of food stuffs in the aspect of food safety and hygiene. 2. The potential causes of food borne illnesses should be carefully identified and control system should be established in order to monitor critical points. 3. Temperature of refrigeration should be monitored and controled continuously in order to safeguard the quality of foods. 4. National and local governments have to provide adequate equipment and utensils to the food establishments of school systems, and public health authorities have to make evaluation of the facilities periodically. The food handlers should be trained in safe food handling and the ways how to prevent food borne illnesses.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.339-346
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• 2013

In this study, the summary and characteristics of WHO International Safe Community are examined and the activities for the establishment of safe city were analyzed targeting Samcheok City in Gangwon-do which prepares for the certification of the International Safe Community. And, based on the result, this study intends to present the direction of establishment and development of international safe city to improve the regional safety. First, for the establishment of safe city, measures and programs for vulnerable classes and accidential forms in the area must be developed and operated continuously. Second, continuous and systematic activities must be done by establishing combined network between regional government association and relative organ and resident association in the area. Third, public policies for establishing safe city so as to improve regional safety, such as enactment of relative si/do ordinance, etc, must be prepared so as to operate it systematically. Finally, through the various activities by establishing international network, education, publicity activities and various informations must be acquired.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.396-402
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• 2021

Background: Styrene is one of the aromatic compounds used in acetonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) producing petrochemicals, which has an impact on health of workers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the health risks of styrene emitted from the petrochemical industry in Iran. Methods: Air samples were collected based on NIOSH 1501 method. The samples were analyzed by the Varian-cp3800 gas chromatograph. Finally, risk levels of styrene's health effects on employees were assessed by the quantitative method of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the semiquantitative way by the Singapore Occupational Safety and Health Association. Results: Based on the results, the employees had the highest average exposure to styrene vapors (4.06 × 10^-1mg.(kg - day)^-1) in the polybutadiene latex (PBL) unit. Therefore, the most top predictors of cancer and non-cancer risk were 2.3×10^-4 and 7.26 × 10^-1, respectively. Given that the lowest average exposure (1.5 × 10^-2mg.(kg - day)^-1) was in the dryer unit, the prediction showed a moderate risk of cancer (0.8 × 10^-6) and non-cancer (2.3 × 10^-3) for the employees. The EPA method also predicted that there would be a definite cancer risk in 16% and a probable risk in 76% of exposures. However, according to the semiquantitative approach, the rate of risk was at the "low" level for all staff. The results showed that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the units in exposure and health risk of styrene (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Given the high risk of styrene's health effects, appropriate control measures are required to reduce the exposure level.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Despite the legal and institutional measures that have been enacted for the safety management of school facilities, the number of school accidents has continued to rise, particularly in regards to the number of accidents related to schools. However, school facilities have had a difficult time creating safe school environments for the school administration and local governments. This is due to the fact that the Office of Education and the Ministry of Education, not the school or educational offices, have insufficient institutional devices such as standards and systems for the promotion of safe school environments. This study attempted to confirm the direction of the improvement of the safety of school facilities. To this end, four safety assessment topics (separation of pedestrians, pedestrian path management, pedestrian visibility, and surrounding risk factors) were derived based on the surveyed data for the safety of the external environment of domestic and international school facilities. 179 school facilities nationwide (kindergartens, elementary schools, middle schools, high schools, and special schools) were analyzed for current cases of accidents that occurred mainly on school roads. Roughly 50% of the analyzed evaluation scores showed that it is necessary to improve the external environment of school facilities.