• 한국보육지원학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.19-36
• /
• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the changes and predictive factors of mothers' parenting competencies during their children's second to third grades in primary school. Methods: We used the data from the Panel study of Korean Parental Educational Involvement. We classified 373 mothers into three groups, 'reduced' parenting competency, 'maintained' parenting competency, and 'increased' parenting competency, and conducted one-way variance analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: First, the mothers' parenting competency decreased between their children's 2nd year and 3rd year in primary school. Second, the 'reduced', 'maintained', and 'increased' groups differed from each other in the degree of change in self-system competency, level of understanding of school life, number of counseling sessions with homeroom teachers, and social networking. Third, the degree of change in self-system competency and social networking predicted the increase in mothers' parenting competency. The degree of change in self-system competency and the level of understanding of school life predicted the maintenance of mothers' parenting competency. Conclusion/Implications: This study, for the first time, has revealed the change in mothers' parenting competency and its predictive factors after the second year in primary school. How to support the growth of mothers' parenting competency was also discussed.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2006

Educational environment that change rapidly, trial and error of system, breakdown of school environment by this and private education expense increase etc. are big social problem that we are facing present. Government is enforcing recognizing these problems and develops various program but the change and expansion of school facilities to achieve various program such as those are still unprepared. Now, important agenda that is lifelong education concept that is always can reeducate with social problem such as school leaving is come to the fore. So, specification high school for vocational education and alternative education cope in educational system and educational environment that is changed newly in existent school system. As the beginning step of the purpose of research, this study compares the attempt of school types and change of the school operation system for alternative education by between Korea and Japan and survey some regional cases. And the specification high school for alternative education which correspond to changed educational environment newly and architectural planning of educational facility that can activate those will be done. Also, this study aims that propose basic data that raise school facilities and educational environment by establishing guide line of optimum facilities for specification high school that wish to reorganize again or establish newly using existent school facilities and presents.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
• /
• pp.59-61
• /
• 2001

Electrostatically actuated test devices were designed to evaluate the elastic modulus of single crystalline Si (100) materials for MEMS device. Elastic modolus was calculated from resonant frequency by applying Rayleigh's energy method. Temperature effect on elastic properties was evaluated by detecting the resonant frequency change with increasing temperature to $600^{\circ}C$. The elastic modulus was decreased with heating and then increased with cooling, but specimen with thermal cycle showed a permanent change which is lower than the initial value. This phenomenon was explained by the change of interatomic force and the formation of $SiO_2$ layer on Si. The thickness of oxide layer was estimated by considering the change of mass and stiffness, and the formation of oxide layer was observed by the SEM photograph.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.123-141
• /
• 1989

The purpose of this study was to investigate the tendency of color change of ceramic, and its mechanism un der the influence of Pd-Ag alloy. The specimens were made by firing porcelain on tile metal plates cast with Au-Pt alloy, Pd-Cu alloy and Pd-Ag alloy. In the case of Pd-Ag alloy, specimens were fired under three different conditions as follows, 1) without protection, 2) protection with ceramic metal conditioner, 3) protection with carbon block. For the specimens of element analysis, a barrier was constructed with platinum foil between metal plate and ceramic. Color change was measured with colorimeter and elemental changes in ceramic were calculated with DC argon plasma emission spectrophotometer. The results were as follows : 1. Color change of ceramic by Pd-Ag alloy was negligible in hue, but decreased in value and increased in chroma (yellow discoloration). 2. Color change of ceramic by Pd-Ag alloy was appeared through vapor transport mechanism. 3. As the protection method for the color change of ceramic by Pd-Ag alloy, application of ceramic metal conditioner was superior to utilization of carbon block.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.61-64
• /
• 2008

Electrical optical switching and structural transformation of $Ge_{15}Sb_{85}$, $Sb_{65}Se_{35}$ and N2.0 sccm doped $Sb_{83}Si_{17}$ were studied to investigate the phase change characteristics for PRAM application. Sb-based materials were deposited by a RF magnetron co-sputtering system and the phase change characteristics were analyzed using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a static tester and a four-point probe. Doping Ge, Se or Si atoms reinforced the amorphous stability of the Sb-based materials, which affected the switching characteristics. The crystallization temperature of the Sb-based materials increased as the concentration of the Ge, Se or Si increased. The minimum time of $Ge_{15}Sb_{85}$, $Sb_{65}Se_{35}$ and N2.0 sccm doped $Sb_{83}Si_{17}$ for crystallization was 120, 50 and 90 ns at 12 mW, respectively. $Sb_{65}Se_{35}$ was crystallized at $170^{\circ}C$. In addition, the difference in the sheet resistances between amorphous and crystalline states was higher than $10^4{\Omega}/{\gamma}$.

• 공학교육연구
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2019

With technology rapidly changing our economic, cultural and social realities, the question of how to educate the generation for the fourth industrial revolution has been a pressing issue. The purpose of this study is to review teachers' perception regarding the educational change in the fourth industrial revolution. For this purpose, we surveyed 420 school teachers and administrators. Most teachers highly understand The Fourth Industrial Revolution and they think AI(Artificial Intelligence) is a core technology. They recognize The Fourth Industrial Revolution is very important and great influence in the education field. For this, they need educational innovation in the education field. Elementary school teacher perceive understanding Elementary school teachers think that understand The Fourth Industrial Revolution and change of curriculum is highly important. And, Secondary school teachers perceive that the change of education system and class is very necessary. Lastly, STEAM education is the most appropriate to prepare for a changing society.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제26권11호
• /
• pp.623-627
• /
• 2016

$La_{1-x}Ba_xMnO_3$ (x = 0.30, 0.35 and 0.40) samples have been prepared by solid-state reaction method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study showed that all the samples crystallized in a rhombohedral structure with an R-3c space group. Variation of the magnetization as a function of the temperature and applied magnetic field was carried out. All the samples revealed ferromagnetic to paramagnetic (FM-PM) phase transition at the Curie temperature $T_C{\sim}342K$. The magnetic entropy change was also studied through examination of the measured magnetic isotherms M(H, T) near $T_C$. The magnetocaloric effect was calculated in terms of the isothermal magnetic entropy change. The maximum entropy change reaches a value of 1.192 J/kgK under a magnetic field change of 2.5T for the $La_{0.6}Ba_{0.4}MnO_3$ composition. The relative cooling power (RCP) is 79.31 J/kg for the same applied magnetic field.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.333-354
• /
• 2016

학생들의 '비와 비율 개념의 발달 과정'에서 변화율 개념이 어떻게 드러나는지에 대한 연구는 추후 변화율 관점에서 미분의 원리를 지도하는 연구에 중요한 기초연구가 될 수 있다. 특히 비율 개념 이해의 상태에 따라 이후 변화율 개념 발달에 장애물 혹은 중요한 개념적 발판이 될 수 있는지에 대하여, 학생을 대상으로 확인한 연구가 드물다는 점에서, 비율 개념과 변화율 개념의 관계에 대한 교수실험은 이후 변화율 관점에서의 미분 학습 관련 연구에 의미 있는 연구 자료를 제공해줄 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 비율 개념이 변화율 관점에서 함수의 변화를 인식하는데 영향을 준다는 가설을 확인하기 위한 연구이자, 내포량에 해당하는 농도의 변화 과정에 대한 탐구과정을 통하여 학습자의 비율 개념에서 변화율 개념 형성 과정에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓히기 위한 기초연구이다. 세 명의 고등학교 1학년 학생들을 대상으로 그들이 가지고 있는 비율 개념을 확인하고 과제 수행과정에서 비율 개념의 변화를 관찰했다. 또한 비가 변하는 상황 속에서 비율로 함수의 변화를 설명하는 활동을 통하여, 참여 학생들이 변화율 관점에서 함수의 변화를 인식하고 표현하는 것을 관찰한 결과, 비율 개념의 변화가 변화율 관점에서 함수의 변화를 인식하는 것에 변화를 가져올 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2006

Purpose : The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of TMJ disc displacement on the TMJ disc configuration and surrounding osseous structure. Materials and Methods : The proton density and 72-weighted MR images of 57 TMJs were retrospectively studied. These TMJs were divided into three groups according to the anterior disc displacement status on MR sagittal images, those were the normal, anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADWR), anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADWOR). The frequency of disc configuration and surrounding bony change, the border status between articular disc and retrodiscal tissue were investigated according to the positional change of articular disc. Results : There were significant statistical differences of chi-square statistics of TMJ disc configurational type between normal and ADWR/ADWOR group, respectively. Surrounding bony change frequently appeared in ADWOR and a statistically significant difference of chi-square statistics of bony change frequency between normal and ADWOR group was observed. Conclusion : These results suggested that the disc configuration and bony change of TMJ are strongly related to TMJ disc displacement.

• Water Engineering Research
• /
• 제1권4호
• /
• pp.267-277
• /
• 2000

This study reports an examination of the sensitivity of water resources in the Keum River basin to climate change. Assuming a doubling in $CO_2$ concentrations, a cooperative study provided four climate change scenarios for this study, which have been translated into temperature and precipitation scenarios on a basin scale. The study utilized these temperature and precipitation data for each climate change scenario as inputs to the NWS-PC model to generate the corresponding streamflow scenario over the Keum River basin. A reservoir simulation model for the Dae-Chung Dam in the Keum River basin has been developed with an object-oriented simulation environment, STELLA. For each streamflow scenario, the performance of the reservoir was assessed in terms of reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability. Although the simulation results are heavily dependent on the choice of the climate change scenarios, the following conclusions can be clearly concluded: (1) the future streamflow over the Dae-Chung Dam tends to decease during the dry period, which seriously increases competitive water use issues and (2) flood control issues predominate under the $2CO_2$-High case.