• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.239-242
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• 2002

This study is intended to investigate the relationship between rebound value of P type schmidt hammer and the compressive strength with various aggregates, and a series of experiments about early strength quality control by P type schmidt hammer was performed. According to the results, the compressive strength of concrete using basalt and limestone aggregate is higher by 3% and lower by 4% than that of concrete using granite aggregate respectively. Concrete using basalt and lime stone aggregate show high rebound value in vertical strike. Estimation of the compressive strength does not show differences in horizontal strike, but the compressive strength is estimated high in order of granite, basalt and limestone aggregate in vertical strike. A good correlation between the rebound value of schmidt hammer and the compressive strength is confirmed regardless of aggregate types, so it could be possible to control the quality of concrete by P type schmidt hammer test when basalt and limestone aggregates are used at the same time.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2002년도 학술.기술논문발표회
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• pp.11-15
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• 2002

This study is intended to analyze the relationship between the rebound value of P type schmidt hammer and the compressive strength for a quality control of concrete. According to the results, the compressive strength of standard curing specimen increases in proportion to age, but that of air curing specimen hardly increases after 28 days. The rebound value of P type schmidt hammer, however, increases due to carbonation of concrete in air curing specimen. The correlativity between the rebound value and the compressive strength is very favorable in the case of standard curing specimen, but drops remarkably in the case of air curing specimen. Thus, as application of age coefficient is required for exact estimation of the compressive strength, the age coefficient is derived from this study. The age coefficient of P type schmidt hammer is higher at the age of 3 and 7days, and drops significantly, compared with the age of 28days. And it is lower before 28days than that of N type schmidt hammer suggested in Japan, and shows the similar tendency after 28days.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.25-28
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• 2016

The Schmidt hammer test is one of the best nondestructive tests to measure the strength without breaking structures, which has been used to measure the strength of concrete structures in a simple way at construction sites. However, the future research is needed to apply Schmidt hammer in cold regions. This study is intended to investigate the correlation between unconfined compression test result of the oil storage facilities foundation taken at the King Sejong Antarctic Station and Schmidt hammer test result at the sample-taking site. Also, the equation for uniaxial compression strength using Schmidt hammer rebound value is proposed.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.157-162
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• 2002

This study is intended to present a reference data for effective quality control of concrete through comparing the rebound value of P type schmidt hammer with the compressive strength with variation of mix proportion and curing condition. According to the results, the air-curing specimen shows the higher rebound value than standard specimen except high strength in the whole. Also the vertical stroke shows higher rebound value than horizontal stroke in standard specimen, however, the rebound value of the two does not show prominent difference in air-curing specimen. The estimation equation of compressive strength derived from this experiment estimates the compressive strength more largely than the estimation equation in P type schmidt hammer manual. Therefore it is thought that the new estimation equation that fits our condition will have to be presented.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.601-609
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• 2018

Steel bolts are used in the construction industry for a large variety of applications that range from fixing permanent installations to temporary fixtures. In the past much research has been focused on developing destructive testing techniques to estimate their pull-out load carrying capacity with very little attention to develop non-destructive techniques. In this regards the presented research work details the combined use of ultrasonic pulse velocity and Schmidt hammer tests to identify anchor bolts with faculty installation and to estimate their pull-out strength by relating it to the Schmidt hammer rebound value. From experimentation, it was observed that the load capacity of bolt depends on its embedment length, diameter, bond quality/concrete strength and alignment. Ultrasonic pulse velocity test is used to judge the quality of bond of embedded anchor bolt by relating the increase in ultrasonic pulse transit time to the presence of internal pours and cracks in the vicinity of steel bolt and the surrounding concrete. This information combined with the Schmidt hammer rebound number, R, can be used to accurately identify defective bolts which resulted in lower pull-out strength. 12 mm diameter bolts with embedment length of 70 mm and 50 mm were investigated using constant strength concrete. Pull-out load capacity versus the Schmidt hammer rebound number for each embedment length is presented.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2003년도 학술.기술논문발표회
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• pp.99-102
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• 2003

This study discusses the determination of removal time of forms with early strength development in high strength concrete. According to the results, as W/B increases by 10％, the setting time is shortened by about 2 hours. The time when compressive strength of 8 MPa is gained is about 20 hours. Bond strength between form and concrete is highest around final setting time, but decreases drastically after that. Amount of concrete sticking on the form is large before setting, but after that, it is little. The rebound value of P type schmidt hammer is measured faster by 2-3 hours than compressive strength. It is also confirmed that the removal of forms is possible when the rebound value of P type schmidt hammer is more than 34

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2003년도 학술.기술논문 발표회
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• pp.23-26
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• 2003

This study is intended to investigate the properties of early strength development by application of TEA to the field. According to the results, when TEA is added, fluidity is almost same to base concrete, and increases upto aimed slump after field flowing. Setting time does not differ in the case of base and TEA, but retarded after flowing. The time when compressive strength gains 5 MPa, which side form can be removed, is 23 hours, and so the removal time is shortened by I hours in comparison with plain concrete. But compressive strength is almost same to that of plain concrete at 28 days. The rebound value of P type schmidt hammer show similar tendency to compressive strength, and the rebound value of structure is higher than that of standard curing specimen due to heat capacity effect and drying by the air outside. Therefore, it is thought that if the rebound value of P type schmidt hammer is controled. by about 26 in consideration of open air environment, it is very effective to determine the removal time of side forms.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2003년도 학술.기술논문발표회
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• pp.23.1-26
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• 2003

This study is intended to investigate the properties of early strength development by application of TEA to the field. According to the results, when TEA is added, fluidity is almost same to base concrete, and increases upto aimed slump after field flowing. Setting time does not differ in the case of base and TEA, but is retarded after flowing. The time when compressive strength gains 5 MPa, which side form can be removed, is 23 hours, and so the removal time is shortened by 1hours in comparison with plain concrete. But compressive strength is almost same to that of plain concrete at 28 days. The rebound value of P type schmidt hammer show similar tendency to compressive strength, and the rebound value of structure is higher than that of standard curing specimen due to heat capacity effect and drying by the air outside. Therefore, it is thought that if the rebound value of P type schmidt hammer is controled. by about 26 in consideration of open air environment, it is very effective to determine the removal time of side forms.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.459-465
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• 2004

본 연구는 시멘트, 혼화재료 및 골재 등 콘크리트용 재료가 P형 슈미트해머에 의한 압축강도 추정 비파괴 시험에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검토하였다. 실험결과, 알루미나 시멘트를 제외한 시멘트 종류, 혼화재 종류와 치환율, 골재 종류 및 굵은골재 최대치수 등 사용재료 요인이 P형 슈미트해머법 비파괴시험에 미치는 영향은 매우 작은 것으로 나타나 P형 슈미트해머를 여러조건에서 사용되는 일반적인 콘크리트에 광범위하게 적응할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 P형 슈미트해머의 반발도와 압축강도간의 상관성은 콘크리트의 사용재료에 관계없이 매우 양호하게 나타나(상관계수 0.96 이상) P형 슈미트해머를 이용하여 비교적 정확하게 압축강도를 추정할 수 있었다. 본 실험조건을 종합한 반발도에 의한 압축강도 추정식은 다음과 같다. $\cdot$수평면 타격 : Fc = 0.765RH - 5.74 (R=0.965) $\cdot$ 수직면 타격 : Fc = 0.793RV - 8.66 (R=0.959)

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 초기재령에서 고강도콘크리트의 압축강도 발현 특성 검토 및 해석 그리고 콘크리트와 거푸집간의 부착강도 특성을 분석하며, P형 슈미트해머를 이용한 반발도와 압축강도간의 상관관계를 검토하므로서 실무의 고강도콘크리트 측면 거푸집 탈형과 연관한 관련규정의 적합성을 재검토하고, 아울러 거푸집제거와 연관한 효율적인 품질관리 방법에 대하여 제안하고자 한다. 연구결과에 따르면, W/B가 증가할수록 응결시간은 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 본 연구의 범위에서 로지스틱 모델에 의한 강도증진 해석 결과 압축강도 8MPa를 발휘하는 시간과 적산온도는 17${\~}$20시간, $21{\~}25^{\circ}D{\cdot}D$ 정도로 나타났다. 거푸집과 콘크리트의 부착강도는 종결시점에서 가장 크게 나타났으며 그 이후에는 감소함을 보였고, 거푸집에 부착되어 박리되는 콘크리트의 양은 응결이전에 크게 나타났으며, 그 이후에는 점차적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. P형 슈미트해머에 의한 반발도 실험결과 압축강도 발현시점보다 약 2${\~}$3시간 정도 빠르게 측정할 수 있으며, 반발도가 32 이상이면 측면 거푸집을 탈형 할 수 있는 시기로 품질관리가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.