• Title/Summary/Keyword: Schizophyllum

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The Studies on the Heterogenous Gene Expression in Schizophyllum commune (치마버섯에서 이형 유전자 발현에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Dong-Chul;Kim, Hyun-Jeong;Kim, Ok-Mi;Bae, Jun-Tae;Park, Sun-Hee;Lee, Byeung-Hun;Lee, Kap-Rang
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.26 no.1 s.84
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    • pp.103-107
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    • 1998
  • The trp2 gene encoding trifunctional enzyme in Coprinus cinereus was investigated the expression in the heterothallic mushroom species. To identify the homology of trp2 gene to Schizophyllum commune and Pleurotus ostreatus, southern hybridization was performed with plasmid pHIONA8 containing C. cinereus trp2 gene as a probe, which resulted in a strong signal indicating an homologous sequence to the chromosomal DNA of S. commune. About 50 transformants per dish was appeared in the complementation test by pHIONA8 using S. commune tryptophan auxotroph as host. In the mating test between transformants and other mating type alleles, the fruiting body of S. commune was formed at $30^{\circ}C$ in $2{\sim}3$ weeks.

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Studies on the Antitumor Components of Korean Basidiomycetes(II) -Antitumor Components of Schizophyllum commune and Auricularia auricula-judae- (한국산(韓國産) 담자균류(澹子菌類)의 항암성분(抗癌咸分)에 관한 연구(硏究)( II ) -치마버섯과 목이버섯의 항암성분(抗癌成分)-)

  • Lee, Song-Ae;Chung, Kyeong-Soo;Shim, Mi-Ja;Choi, Eung-Chil;Kim, Byong- Kak
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.25-29
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    • 1981
  • To investigate antitumor components of Korean higher fungi, the carpophores of Schizophyllum commune and Auricularia auricula-judae collected in Kyeong Buk Province were extracted with hot water or 0.1N-NaOH solution. The concentrated extracts were precipitated by addition of ethanol, and the precipitates were purified by dialyzing through visking tube and polysaccharide fractions were obtained. They were found to show antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 implanted in mice. Especially, the inhibition ratio of the extract of Auricularia adicula-judae was 90.8% in the doses of 100mg/kg/day for the period of ten days. The tumor in five of the eight mice was completely regressed. The components of these aqueous extracts were found to be polysaccharide and protein. The hydrolysis of the respective polysaccharide yielded four monosaccharides. After hydrolysis of the protein fraction, 15 amino acids were identified in the respective fraction of S. commune and A. auricula-judae.

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Characteristics of Metacordyceps yongmunensis, a New Species from Korea

  • Sung, Gi-Ho;Shrestha, Bhushan;Sung, Jae-Mo
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.171-175
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    • 2010
  • Metacordyceps yongmunensis is a newly reported species from Korea, which is very similar to Cordyceps species in morphological characters. It grows on large lepidopteran pupa, and numerous white stromata grow on a single host. Mycelial growth characteristics of M. yongmunensis isolates were studied in different media and at different temperatures. Also, different carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and mineral salts were tested for mycelial growth of M. yongmunensis. Schizophyllum (mushroom) genetics complete medium plus yeast extract, Schizophyllum (mushroom) genetics minimal medium, and Martin's peptone dextrose agar produced longer colony diameters and more compact mycelial density than other media. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $25^{\circ}C$. Carbon sources such as sucrose, soluble starch, dextrose, glucose, dextrin, maltose, and fructose showed better mycelial growth, whereas peptone, yeast extract and tryptone resulted in the best mycelial growth of all of the nitrogen sources tested. All of the mineral salts tested showed similar growth as the control, except $K_2HPO_4$ which showed longer colony diameter and more compact mycelial density. The compact colonies were white and cottony with a greenish margin. The results showed that M. yongmunensis is an easy fungus to growas it grew from 30 to more than 50 mm in 2 wk.

The Flora of Wood Rotting Basidiomycetes in Middle Part of Korea (한국(韓國) 중부지방(中部地方)에 분포(分布)하는 목재부후성(木材腐朽性) 담자균류(擔子菌類))

  • Cho, Soo Muk;Seo, Gun Sik;Shin, Gwan Chull
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.43-47
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    • 1993
  • Fruit bodies of the wood rotting basidiomycetes naturally grown in middle part of Korea were collected from August 1989 to May 1992 and identified to 24 genera and 31 species. Species diversity was differed little from areas, but index of species diversity was higher in Mt. Songni and Mt. Duckyu than that in other areas. The dominant species were Coriolus versicolor, Daedalea dickinsii, Daedaleopsis styracina, Lenzites betulina and Schizophyllum commune.

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Growth and Cultural Characteristics of Ophiocordyceps longissima Collected in Korea

  • Sung, Gi-Ho;Shrestha, Bhushan;Han, Sang-Kuk;Sung, Jae-Mo
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.85-91
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    • 2011
  • We investigated the effect of nutritional and environmental factors on Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelial growth. The longest colony diameter was observed on Schizophyllum (mushroom) genetics complete medium plus yeast extract, Schizophyllum (mushroom) genetics minimal medium, and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA); however, malt-extract yeast-extract agar, SDA plus yeast extract, yeast-extract malt-extract peptone dextrose agar, SDA, oatmeal agar, and potato dextrose agar showed higher mycelia density. A temperature of $25^{\circ}C$ was optimum and 7.0 was the optimum pH for mycelial growth. Colony diameter was similar under light and dark conditions. Maltose and yeast extract showed the highest mycelial growth among carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. The effect of mineral salts was less obvious; however, $K_3PO_4$ showed slightly better growth than that of the other mineral salts tested. Among all nutrition sources tested, complex organic nitrogen sources such as yeast extract, peptone, and tryptone were best for mycelial growth of O. longissima. Ophiocordyceps longissima composite medium, formulated by adding maltose (2% w/v), yeast extract (1% w/v), and $K_3PO_4$ (0.05% w/v) resulted in slightly longer colony diameter. In vitro mycelial O. longissima growth was sustainable and the production of fruiting bodies could be used for commercial purposes in the future.

Characterization of Cellulases from Schizophyllum commune for Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Biomass (Schizophyllum commune에 의한 Cellulase 생산 및 섬유소계 바이오매스의 당화를 위한 효소적 특성)

  • Kim, Hyun-Jung;Kim, Yoon-Hee;Cho, Moon-Jung;Shin, Keum;Lee, Dong-Heub;Kim, Tae-Jong;Kim, Yeong-Suk
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.38 no.6
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    • pp.547-560
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    • 2010
  • The optimum culture condition of Schizophyllum commune for the cellulase production and its enzymatic characteristics for saccharification of cellulosic biomass were analyzed. S. commune secrets ${\beta}$-1,4-xylosidase (BXL) and cellulases, including endo-${\beta}$-1,4-glucanase (EG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), and ${\beta}$-glucosidase (BGL). The optimum reaction temperature for all cellulases was $50^{\circ}C$ and the thermostable range was $30{\sim}40^{\circ}C$C. The optimum reaction pH for all cellulases was 5.5 in a range of temperature from $0^{\circ}C$ to $55^{\circ}C$. The best nutritions for the cellulase production of S. commune among tested nutrients were 2% cellulose for the carbon source and corn steep liquor or peptone/yeast extract for the nitrogen source without vitamins. The environmental culture condition for the cellulase production was 5.5~6.0 for pH at $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. The enzyme activities of EG, BGL, CBH, and BXL were 3670.5, 631.9, 398.5, and 15.2 U/$m{\ell}$, respectively, after concentration forty times from the culture broth of S. commune which was grown at the optimized culture condition. Alternative filter paper unit assay showed 11 FPU/$m{\ell}$ enzyme activity. The saccharification tests using cellulase of S. commune showed the low saccharification rate on tested hardwoods but a high value of 50.5% on cellulose, respectively. The saccharification rate (50.5%) of cellulose by cellulase produced in this work is higher than 45.7% in the commercial enzyme (Celluclast 1.5L, 30 FPU/g, glucan).

Anti-Oxidant Effect and Anti-Inflammatory of Fermented Citrus unshiu Peel Extract by using Schizophyllum commune (치마버섯을 이용한 진피 발효 배양물의 항산화 및 항염 효과)

  • Song, Min-Hyeon;Bae, Jun-Tae;Ko, Hyun-Ju;Jang, Yong-Man;Lee, Jong-Dae;Lee, Geun-Soo;Pyo, Hyeong-Bae
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.351-356
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    • 2011
  • Citrus unshiu (C. unshiu) Markovich were dried peel of mandarin orange, of which fresh fruit was one of the famous foods in Korea and Eastern Asia. In the oriental medicine, C. unshiu peel was known to have a diuretic effect and to strengthen spleen function. Recently, natural flavonoids of C. unshiu peel have been investigated. In this study, C. unshiu peel extract containing flavonoid-glycosides was cultured with Schizophyllum commune (S. commune) mycelia producing ${\beta}$-glu- cosidase and its biological activities were investigated. ${\beta}$-glucosidase of S. commune mycelia converted the flavonoid-glycosides (rutin and hesperidin) into aglycones (naringenin and hesperetin). Fermented C. unshiu peel extract compounds were analyzed by HPLC system. The photoprotective potential of fermented C. unshiu peel extract was tested in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) exposed to UVA. Fermented C. unshiu peel extract extract also showed notable in vitro anti-inflammatory effect on cellular systems generating cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) metabolites. Also, UVB-induced production of interleukin-$1{\alpha}$ in human HaCaT cells was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with fermented C. unshiu peel extract. These results suggest that fermented C. unshiu peel extract may mitigate the effects of photoaging in skin by reducing UV-induced adverse skin reaction.

Nucleotide Sequence of Mating Locus of Schizophyllum commune Indigenous to North America (북미자생 치마버섯의 Mating Locus의 염기서열)

  • Park, Dong-Cheol;Lee, Sang-Sun;Lee, In-Seon;Kim, Hyeun-Jeong;Lee, Kap-Rang
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.22-25
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    • 2000
  • This study was carried out to compare DNA sequence of mating type locus concerning with direct formation of fruiting body in Schizophyllum commune which is growing in North America with that of same species growing in South America. The nucleotide sequence appeared to have about 96% homology to 1-71 $A{\alpha}3$ allele from South America strain, showing a conservative feature. The polypeptide sequence showed about 82% homology when compared partially with mating activity region of 1-71 $A{\alpha}3$ allele. In addition, this polypeptide sequence indicated 74% and 82% identity in homeodomain and acidic-rich regions known as a transcription factor respectively.

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Studies on the Comparative Analysis of Mating Locus (Y-region) of Schizophyllum commune (치마버섯 Mating Locus(Y-region)의 비교분석에 관한 연구)

  • 이인선;박동철
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.173-181
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    • 2002
  • This study was conducted to do the comparative analysis of mating type locus controlling the direct formation of fruiting body in Schizophyllum commune which is indigenous to North America with that of other identified mating locus. The 3120 bp Y-region nucleotide of A $\alpha$ 3 mating locus activating a developmental pathway in S. commune was determined, and appeared to have about 96% homology to S. commune 1-71 $A\alpha$3 allele indigenous to South America, showing strongly a conservative feature. This nucleotide analysis also showed above 96% homology highly in the seven presumed exons, and about 97% in the acidic rich region (AR), about 99% in homeodomain (H7), about 97% in the basic rich region (BR), about 95% in the serine rich region (Ser) respectively. In the comparative analysis to the translated polypeptide sequence, S. commune A $\alpha$ 3 mating locus containing Y-region also showed about 97% homology to the region of S. commune indigenous to North America, but the identity ratio to Y1 including Y4, Y5, Y6 different allele types was declined to about 41~49%. In the analysis of functional loci controlling mating activity, it is assumed to have a highly conservative feature showing about 98% homology in homeodomain polypeptide. Especially, it is notable that the homology ratio of above 85% in homeodomain motif between mating type alleles was higher than in the AR, BR, Ser showing about 10~50% homology.

Classification of Isolates of Ganoderma lucidum, Schizophyllum commune and Cordyceps spp. by Electrophoretic Patterns of Isozymes (Isozyme patterns 차이에 의한 영지, 치마버섯 및 동충하초의 계통분류)

  • Lee, June-Woo;Lee, Kweon-Haeng
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.101-108
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    • 1991
  • To classify fungal species employed for pharmacological effects, mycelial proteins of six isolates of Ganoderma lucidum, five isolates of Schizophyllum commune and five isolates of Cordyceps spp. were separated on polyacrylamide gel to compare them by esterase, acid phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase and peroxidase patterns. Similarity of isozyme patterns among the isolates of G. lucidum IY003, IY004, IY005 and IY008 was indicated over 70%, but that among the isolates of G. lucidum IY009, IY010 and others was indicated from 48% to 9%. Highest similarity of isozymes of S. commune was observed to be between IY803 and IY805, and similarity between these two isolates was 57%. Similarity among other isolates was shown to be from 40% to 56%. Isozyme patterns of Cordyceps spp. were comparatively different, even though they were originated from the same kind of insect as their isolate. Similarity between Cordyceps spp. IY901 and IY904, which was isolated from moths, was 67% and that of IY905 and IY909, which was originated from the larvae, was 42%. Similarity among other isolates was shown to be from 12% to 67%.

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