• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.13 no.3_4
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• pp.117-123
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• 1998

Paraquat is a useful nonselective herbicide widely used throughout the world. However, accidental or intentional ingestion of the paraquat cause fetal pulmonary injuring. But there is not suitable antidote of paraquat intoxication and therapeutic agents now be used are not effective. So, in this study we intended to evaluate the inhibitory effects of DDB(dimethyl-4,4'dimethoxy-5,6,5',6'-dimethylene dioxyphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylate) on paraquat toxicity. DDB (100mg/kg) was administered orally to SD rats lhr after paraquat(50mg/kg) injection. After 24 hours, the biochemical parameters of blood and tissues were examined. In paraquat treated groups sGPT, sGOT, BUN, creatinine, MDA and alkaline phosphatase levels in blood and MDA, glucose-6-phosphatase activity in tissues were elevated by 2 to 5 times of normal values. However in schizandrin treated groups, sGPT, sGOT, MDA and alkaline phosphatase activity in blood and MDA and glucose-6-phosphatase activity were significantly decreased to notmal levels but not in biochemical parameters of nephrotoxicity, BUN and creatinine levels. Therefore, we concluded that schizandrin can be used as an antidote of pulmono, hepatotoxicity of paraquat.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2015

This study compared the content change of physiological active substances according to the extraction condition when we generally drink the extractive of Schisandra fruit with using water. Physiological active substances of the Schisandra fruit, schizandrin, gomisin A and gomisin N were analysed with HPLC. The results of extracting 1 dose of the Schisandra fruit tea, which is some as 1 g of Schisandra fruit, in 100 mL of water by differing the extraction type, extraction temperature and extraction time were of the followings. The total content of schizandrin, gomisin A and gomisin N of powder type in $26^{\circ}C$ leaching was the highest (p < 0.05) as the leaching content of 24 hours (5.54 mg/g) showed difference with different times and the contents of raw type Schisandra fruit were less than 0.1 mg/g in all of extraction time. The contents of powder type Schisandra fruit in $60^{\circ}C$ heating extraction was over 4.50 mg/g except for the 5 minute (2.94 mg/g), and the contents of raw Schisandra fruit were less than 0.3 mg/g. In case of $100^{\circ}C$ heating extraction, the contents of powder type Schisandra fruit showed over 5.10 mg/g in every time zone, and the raw type Schisandra fruit was less than 1.0 mg/g.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.150-155
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• 2006

Object : This study investigated the quality inspection of Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Bail distributed in Korea. Methods: To evaluate the quality of these herbal medicines, we carried out TLC pattern analysis, purity, loss on drying, ash, acid-insoluble ash, essential oil contents, dilute ethanol-soluble, water-soluble, ether-soluble extracts and HPLC analysis. Results : As a result, TCL pattern analysis of schizandrin and gomisin A showed Rf=0.64 and 0.74, respectively. To measured content of schizandrin and gomisin A, we quantitatively analyzed using HPLC. The average contents of schizandrin and gomisin A were detected to be 0.60 (${\pm}$0.02)% and 0.12 (${\pm}$0.004)%, respectively. Discussion : As a result of this study, we suggest that the minimum content of schizandrin and gomisin A should be 0.5% and 0.1%, respectively. We could suggest that the minimum of essential oil content should be 0.6 ml.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.224-230
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• 2012

Schizandrin (SZ), was isolated from the fruit of Schizandra chinensis, has been reported to have many biological properties, including anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. However, its anti-allergic effects are not completely elucidated. We focused on the anti-allergic effects of SZ in PMA/ionomycin (PI)-induced rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells and P815 mast cells. Cytokines (IL-4, IL-13), synthesized by basophils and mast cells, are implicated in pathological conditions such as asthma and allergy. The production of IL-4 and IL-13 was quantified by ELISA and the mRNA expression was detected by using RT-PCR assay. In this study, we found that SZ did not show cytotoxic effect at up to 100 ${\mu}M$ on RBL-2H3 cells and mast cells. In addition, SZ inhibited the production of IL-4 and IL-13 and also decreased the level of mRNA in PI-induced RBL-2H3 cells and mast cells in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, we suggest that SZ may have the effect on preventing allergic disorders by inhibiting IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.225-232
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• 1989

Deoxyschizandrin, gomisin N, schizandrin, wuweizisu C, gomisin A and angeloylgomisin H were isolated from fruits of Schisandra chinensis BAILLON, and the lignan contents in shred and smoke of 'Balloon-Flower' cigarettes were quantitatively analyzed by capillary-GC(FID). The GC column was SPB-1 fused silica capillay (0.25mm id$\times$30m, Supelco) and the column oven temperature was programmed from 20$0^{\circ}C$ to 30$0^{\circ}C$ at the rate of 4$^{\circ}C$/min. In the shred of 'Balloon-Flower' cigarettes deoxyschizandrin. gomisin N, schizandrin, gomisin A and angeloylgomisin H were detected and schizandrein contets were the highest among them, 22.77$\mu\textrm{g}$/cig., gomisin N, schizandrin and gomisin A were 0.023, 0.054, 0.0849 and 0.167$\mu\textrm{g}$/cig. respectively, and angeloylgomisin H was not detected.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.350-356
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• 1989

The determinabilities of several lignan compounds by capillary-GC (F1D) were studied. The lignan compounds used were deoxyschizandrin, gomisin N, schizandrin, wuweizisu C, gomisin A, angeloylgomisin H and tigloylgomisin H which were isolated from fruits of Schisandra chinensis BAILLON and identified with GC/MS(EI, 70eV), 1H-NMR(300MHz) and IR. The GC column used was SPB-1 fused silica capillary$(0.25mm\;ID{\times}30m,\;Supelco)$, and the column oven temperature was programmed from $200^{\circ}C$ to $300^{\circ}C$ at the rate of $4^{\circ}C$ per minute. The linearities between concentration and FID response were maintained in $2{\sim}500ppm$ of deoxyschizandrin and wuweizisu C and in $5{\sim}500ppm$ of gomisin N, schizandrin, gomisin A, angeloylgomisin H and tigloylgomisin H. The contents of lignan compounds in fruits of S. chinensis BAILLON produced at Moo-ju area were analyzed by the GC method: the values obtained of schizandrin and gomisin N were 6.5 and 5.9mg/g respectively, and those of gomisin A, wuweizisu C, angeloylgomisin H, deoxyschizandrin and tigloylgomisin H were $0.5{\sim}1.6mg/g$.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.293-298
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• 2012

The present study tested the effect of Schizandra chinensis lignan compounds, Gomisin A and Schizandrin, on the aggregation and dissociation of beta-amyloid $(A{\beta})_{1-42}$ to explore a possible therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Gomisin A significantly inhibited the $A{\beta}_{1-42}$ aggregation in a dose dependent manner, but did not induced the dissociation of aggregated $A{\beta}_{1-42}$. On the other hand, Schizandrin significantly suppressed the aggregation and dissociation of $A{\beta}_{1-42}$. These results suggest that Gomisin A and Schizandrin, which are known as biologically active ingredients from Schizandra chinensis, may be potentially useful target molecules to develop a drug for the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.339-344
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• 2018

Schizandra chinensis has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine and is known to have various bioactive components, including schizandrin and gomisin A. In the current study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activities and their working mechanisms of ethanol extracts of pomace of Schizandra chinensis (PSC), schizandrin (SZ), and gomisin A (GA). First, we analyzed the effects of PSC on nitric oxide (NO) production and cell viabilities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The results indicated that PSC dramatically reduced NO production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner without affecting cell viabilities. PSC also decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory genes iNOS and COX-2, whereas the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ was not affected by PSC. In addition, PSC inhibited phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2, and JNK but did not change the expression of their total protein. The results indicate that PSC can regulate LPS-induced inflammatory responses by suppressing MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling. We also analyzed the effects of SZ and GA on NO production and cell viabilities in RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that SZ and GA also decreased NO production in a dose-dependent manner in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells without affecting cell viabilities. SZ reduced the expression of iNOS, whereas GA downregulated iNOS and COX-2. Overall, these findings clarify the molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects mediated by PSC, SZ, and GA.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.17-23
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• 2012

Objectives : Schisandrae Fructus (SF) has traditionally been used to balance level of body fluid and to strengthen kidney function. It has been reported that the SF extract has antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anticancer effects. This study investigated an antiproliferative effect of SF extract on PC-3 human prostate cancer cells and analyzed active ingredients of SF extract qualitatively and quantitatively. Methods : We examined the antiproliferative effect of SF extract with MTT assay, DAPI staining and annexin-V/7-AAD double staining. The active ingredients of SF extract were identified by using HPTLC and HPLC/DAD system. Results : SF-chloroform fraction inhibited growth of PC-3 cells and changed the morphology of nucleus in a dose dependent manner. A dose-dependent apoptotic cell death was also measured by flow cytometry analysis. It was analyzed that SF-chloroform fraction contained more schizandrin than other fractions by using HPTLC and HPLC/DAD system. Conclusions : These results suggest that SF extract and schizandrin may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the control of PC-3 human prostate cancer cells.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.147-154
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• 2006

1. Objectives This study was aimed to evaluate marker substances in Gamijowi-tang by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) 2. Methods The seperation was performed an AquasilC18(4.6X250mm)column by gradient elution with 0.1N H3PO4 in H2O - acetonitrile(0min 100:10,20min60:40, 40min 80:20, 60min 100:0) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min with detection at 190-800nm 3. Results Ephedrine and schizandrin were established as marker substances in Gamijowi-tang and its qualitative analysis was carried out. Analyzed was similarity of marker substances between in standard article and in Gamijowi-tang. The result of the analysis was that ephedrine and schizadrin showed 0.9999 of similarity, which meant they were really ephedrine and schizadrin. In addition, ephedrin content was 12.16mg, pseudoephedrine conrenr was 5.09mg, and schizandrin content was 26.6mg in 76g of Gamijowi-tang. 4. Conclusions Qualitative and quantitative analyses of ephedrine and schizandrin in Gamijowi-tang were conducted, and it was identified thar they could be used as marker substances in standardizing quality of Gamijowi-rang.