• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.415-420
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• 2018

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (omija) is often used in Chinese medicine to treat various human diseases, and is known to possess various bioactive components such as schizandrin and gomisin A. In the present study, we prepared ethanol extracts of pomace of Schisandra chinensis (PSC) and investigated their effects on cell viability and expression changes of pro-apoptotic genes such as ATF3, NAG-1 and p21 in human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells. PSC significantly reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and also dramatically induced the expression of ATF3, NAG-1 and p21 genes, with resveratrol used as a positive control. We also assessed the effects of pure compound schizandrin (SZ) derived from Schisandra chinensis on cell viability and expression of pro-apoptotic genes such as ATF3, NAG-1 and p21. The results showed that SZ also decreased cell viabilities in a dose-dependent manner and increased the expression of ATF3, NAG-1 and p21 genes. In addition, apoptosis was detected in SZ-treated HCT116 cells, which was confirmed with PARP cleavage. PARP cleavage was recovered in part by the transfection of NAG-1 siRNA. The results indicate that NAG-1 is one of the genes responsible for apoptosis induced by SZ. Overall, our findings may contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms of anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities mediated by PSC and SZ.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.152-157
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• 2022

Schisandra chinensis and its fruits have been used as a traditional herbal medicine to treat liver dysfunction, fatigue, and chronic coughs. Several in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans present in Schisandra fruits strongly inhibit CYP3A4 activity. However, reports on the inhibitory potential of dietary Schisandra supplements against CYP3A activity are limited despite their increasing consumption as dietary supplements. In this study, we evaluated the CYP3A-inhibitory potential of four dietary Schisandra supplements in human liver microsomes. At a concentration of 0.05 mg/mL, Schisandra supplements from Nature's Way, Swanson, Planetary Herbals, and Only Natural inhibited CYP3A activity by 93.9, 70.8, 33.6, and 24.8%, respectively. Nature's Way, which exhibited the strongest inhibition against CYP3A, had the highest contents of gomisin B and gomisin C, which potently inhibit CYP3A activity. The in vivo pharmacokinetics of this product should be examined to determine whether the clinical relevance of inhibiting CYP3A activity by dietary Schisandra supplementation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.213-225
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• 2022

Schisandra chinensis is widely known to regulate fatigue recovery, lowering blood pressure, and contains several bioactive compounds such as schizadran. In this study, we obtained basic data for the development of health food by measuring the schizandrin content, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial activity, and enzyme activity of the hot water extract (SCW) and 40% ethanol extract (SCE) of S. chinensis grown in Sunchang-gun, Korea. Schizandrin content was measured as 7.87 ± 0.01 mg/g for SCW and 10.38 ± 0.05 mg/g for SCE. SCE had higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity than SCW, and the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were also higher. Both SCW and SCE (500 ㎍/mL) exhibited more than 55% protective effects against oxidative stress in HepG2 cell lines. Anti-inflammatory efficacy was assessed using RAW 264.7 and Caco-2 cells and both SCW and SCE do not have cytotoxic effects. Anti-inflammatory results showed concentration-dependent NO activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) inhibition. The antibacterial activity increased with increasing dose concentrations of SCW and SCE, and the MIC was 25 mg/mL for L. monocytogenes, S. typhimurium, and 75 mg/mL for H. pylori. In addition, amylase and protease enzyme activity was observed in both SCW and SCE.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.215-230
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• 2023

Objectives : Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill contains many nutrients and exhibits high physiological functions. It has been shown that Schisandra seed and pamace contains more nutrients than fruits and thus have higher antioxidant efficacy. In this study, seed and pamace of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (SPSC) were treated with hot-melt extrudate (HME) extrusion to produce water-soluble nanoparticles. Methods : SPSC was treated with HME to prepare nanoparticles. In this process, excipients (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, pullulan, 2-hydroxylpropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, lecithin) were added to prepare a hydrophilic polymer matrix. To compare and analyze the antioxidant effect and schizandrin content, total flavonoid content, total phenol content and ABTS assay were measured. To confirm the effect of increasing the water solubility of the particles, particle size and water solubility index measurements were performed. The molecular of the material was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Results : The particle size of HME extrudates decreased, while total phenols, flavonoids, schizandrin, antioxidant effect, and solubility increased. Through FT-IR, it was confirmed that the SPSC and the extrudate exhibit the same chemical properties. In addition, it was confirmed that when extracted with water, it exhibited a higher antioxidant effect than the ethanol extract. Conclusions : HME technology increased the solubility of SPSC, which are processing by-products, and improved their antioxidant effect to a higher degree. It was confirmed that SPSC could be used as an eco-friendly, high value-added material.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2017

Background: This study was aimed to determine the optimal vine induction method for growing of Korean schisandra (Schisandra chinensis), by comparing plant growth and fruit yields between plants grown with either fence-type (U-type) or A-type induction. Methods and Results: Plants were transplanted on August 17, 2014, and the plant height, stem node number and weight were measured every two weeks, six times from June 17, 2016. The plant height, stem node number, and leaf length and width were higher with the A-type than with the U-type induction, by approximately 37.0%, 49.1%, 27.6%, and 12.7%, respectively. Although there was no significant difference between the photosynthesis rates of plants grown with the two vine induction method, the leaf area and leaf number per plant were higher in the plants grown with the A-type than the U-type, by approximately 23.7% and 46.0%, respectively. The number of green-color pixels, in a defined area of digital camera images of creeper leaves from the inducted vines, was significantly higher in the plants grown with the A-type than the U-type. The number of fruit clusters per plant was approximately 26 and 36, under the U-type and A-type, respectively. A two fold higher total fruit weight per plant was observed in the plants grown under the A-type (250 g/plant) than the U-type (120 g/plant). Conclusions: The A-type vine induction method is optimal for cultivation of Korean schisandra.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.309-313
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• 1998

RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) analysis was conducted to Schisandra nigra plants in order to select the specific markers for monoecious and dioecious individuals. RAPD results using eighty random 10-mer primers revealed that S. nigra had a different banding pattern from S. chinensis and Kadsura japonica. When DNA isolated from leaves of monoecious and dioecious plants were used as PCR template, only five primers, OPA-17, OPA-19, OPB-03, OPB-09 and OFB-16, showed polymorphic band patterns. No variation in banding profiles within male or female individuals was observed when these five primers were used whereas three monoecious plants (No 1, No 2 and No 3) showed different banding patterns one another, A 750 bp segment was amplified by primer OPB-3 from male individuals. On the other hand, two segments, 950 bp and 1690 bp, with OPA-19 and 700 bp of segment with OPB-3 were amplified in female individuals. These result indicate that the specific buds of male and female S. nigra could be used as genetic markers for the early discrimination of male and female individuals.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2010

It was investigated that morphological characteristics of leaf and stomata, chlorophyll contents and wood anatomy characteristics in Schisandra chinensis, Schisandra nigra and Kadsura japonica. Leaf morphological characteristics were significant at 5% levels within the species and within the individuals as a male, a female and monoecious. K. japonica was the longest in the leaf length, followed by S. chinensis and S. nigra. For the leaf length among S. nigra individuals, the female was longer than male and monoecious. As for the Petiole length, S. nigra was twice longer than S. chinensis and K. japonica. Stomata length was ranged from $92.5\;{\mu}m$ to $105.9\;{\mu}m$ for S. nigra, $79.9\;{\mu}m$ for S. chinensis, $76.2\;{\mu}m$ for K. japonica. S. nigra was longer than the others in length and width, while its stomata density was lower than the others. The size of vessel elements and xylem fiber showed a similar tendency to stomata, significant at 5% levels within S. nigra individuals (male, female and monoecious). Chlorophyll contents were also variable in inter and intra species and in general K. japonica showed higher levels of chlorophyll contents than Schisandra spp. plants.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.194-195
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• 2011

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.196-197
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• 2011

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.505-509
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• 1995

The terpenoids in the volatile constituents of Liaoning Shcisandra Chinesis Baillon have been determined by the analytical method of GC/MS. Thirty terpenoids molecular structure were characterized. They are 11.89% monterpenes, 4.60% monoterpene oxides, 58.74% sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and 1.62% oxygen-containing sesquiterpenoids in the total volatile constituents quantified by chromatograph. Among them, the sesquiterpene make up the characteristic constituents. Every terpenoid constituent percent content was obtained using area normalization method of HP-59970 chemstation.